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  • Lampiran Ii Perhitungan: 1. Perhitungan Volume Sebelum (V) Dan Sesudah Furnace (V)

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    The document contains calculations for determining: 1) The volume before and after furnace drying of ceramic samples at drying times of 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. 2) The percentage shrinkage of the samples which is calculated as the percentage difference between the initial and final volumes. 3) The density of the ceramic samples which is calculated as the mass divided by the volume. 4) The relative density and porosity of the samples which are calculated based on the theoretical density of ceramic material. Tables show the average results for percentage shrinkage, density, relative density, and porosity across the different drying times.

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    The document contains calculations for determining: 1) The volume before and after furnace drying of ceramic samples at drying times of 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. 2) The percentage shrinkage of the samples which is calculated as the percentage difference between the initial and final volumes. 3) The density of the ceramic samples which is calculated as the mass divided by the volume. 4) The relative density and porosity of the samples which are calculated based on the theoretical density of ceramic material. Tables show the average results for percentage shrinkage, density, relative density, and porosity across the different drying times.

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    8 views8 pages

    Lampiran Ii Perhitungan: 1. Perhitungan Volume Sebelum (V) Dan Sesudah Furnace (V)

    Uploaded by

    mardelina2ginting
    The document contains calculations for determining: 1) The volume before and after furnace drying of ceramic samples at drying times of 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. 2) The percentage shrinkage of the samples which is calculated as the percentage difference between the initial and final volumes. 3) The density of the ceramic samples which is calculated as the mass divided by the volume. 4) The relative density and porosity of the samples which are calculated based on the theoretical density of ceramic material. Tables show the average results for percentage shrinkage, density, relative density, and porosity across the different drying times.

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    of 8

    LAMPIRAN II

    PERHITUNGAN

    1. Perhitungan volume sebelum (Vbs) dan sesudah furnace (Vas)


    a. Lama pengeringan 1 jam
     Sampel 1
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 1,6 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 1,6
    = 2,12 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,3 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,3
    = 1,02 cm3
     Sampel 2
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 1,5 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 1,5
    = 1,98 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,1 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,3
    = 0,86 cm3
     Sampel 3
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 1,7 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 1,7
    = 2,25 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,3 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,3
    = 1,02 cm3
    b. Lama pengeringan 1,5 jam
     Sampel 1
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 1,5 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 1,5
    = 1,98 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,2 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,2
    = 0,94 cm3
     Sampel 2
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 1,9 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 1,9
    = 2,52 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,6 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,6
    = 1,25 cm3
     Sampel 3
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 2,2 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 2,2
    = 2,91 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,7 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,7
    = 1,33 cm3
    c. Lama pengeringan 2 jam
     Sampel 1
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 1,3 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 1,3
    = 1,72 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,1 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,1
    = 0,86 cm3
     Sampel 2
    D = 1,3 cm, r = 0,65 cm
    t = 2,4 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,65)2 2,4
    = 3,18 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,8 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,8
    = 1,41 cm3
     Sampel 3
    D = 1,2 cm, r = 0,6 cm
    t = 1,5 cm
    Vbs = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,6)2 1,5
    = 1,69 cm3
    D = 1 cm, r = 0,5 cm
    t = 1,3 cm
    Vas = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑡
    = 3,14(0,5)2 1,3
    = 1,02 cm3
    2. Perhitungan analisa persentase penyusutan (%shrinkage)
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = 𝑣𝑏𝑠
    × 100%

    a. Lama pengeringan 1 jam


     Sampel 1
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    2,12−1,02
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    2,12

    %shrinkage = 51,8%
     Sampel 2
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    1,98−0,86
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    1,98

    %shrinkage = 56,5%
     Sampel 3
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    2,25−1,02
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    2,25

    %shrinkage = 54,6%
    b. Lama pengeringan 1,5 jam
     Sampel 1
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    1,98−0,94
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    1,98
    %shrinkage = 52,5%
     Sampel 2
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    2,52−1,25
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    2,52

    %shrinkage = 50,3%
     Sampel 3
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    2,91−1,33
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    2,91

    %shrinkage = 54,2%
    c. Lama pengeringan 2 jam
     Sampel 1
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    1,72−0,86
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    1,72

    %shrinkage = 50%
     Sampel 2
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    3,18−1,41
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    3,18

    %shrinkage = 55,6%
     Sampel 3
    𝑣𝑏𝑠 −𝑣𝑎𝑠
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    𝑣𝑏𝑠
    1,69−1,02
    %shrinkage = × 100%
    1,69

    %shrinkage = 39,4%
    Tabel 2.1 Rata-rata perhitungan analisa persentase penyusutan

    Lama pengeringan
    Sampel ke-
    1 jam 1,5 jam 2 jam

    1 51,8% 52,5% 50%

    2 56,5% 50,3% 55,6%

    3 54,6% 54,2% 39,4%

    Rata-rata 54,3% 52,3% 48,3%

    3. Perhitungan densitas keramik

    Sampel 1 dengan variasi lama pengeringan 1 jam

    𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑎
    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑠 ) = 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

    0,98 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚
    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑠 ) = 1,02 𝑐𝑚3

    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑠 ) = 0,96𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚/𝑐𝑚3

    Tabel 2.2 Data perhitungan densitas keramik

    Densitas keramik (gram/cm3)

    Sampel ke-
    Laju pengeringan Laju pengeringan Laju pengeringan
    1 jam 1,5 jam 2 jam

    0,96 1,07 0,87


    1

    1,03 0,74 0,67


    2

    1,12 0,64 0,84


    3

    1,04 0,81 0,79


    Rata-rata
    4. Perhitungan densitas relatif (𝝆𝒓 )

    Sampel 1 dengan variasi lama pengeringan 1 jam

    𝜌
    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑟 ) = 𝑝𝑠 × 100%
    𝑟

    0,96
    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑟 ) = 3,006 × 100%

    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑟 ) = 0,319 × 100%

    𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠(𝜌𝑟 ) = 31,9%

    Tabel 2.3 Data perhitungan densitas relatif keramik

    Densitas relatif keramik (%)

    Sampel ke-
    Laju pengeringan Laju pengeringan Laju pengeringan
    1 jam 1,5 jam 2 jam

    32 35 29
    1

    34 25 22
    2

    37 21 28
    3

    35 27 26
    Rata-rata

    5. Perhitungan porositas keramik


    Sampel 1 dengan variasi lama pengeringan 1 jam

    Porositas = 100% - 𝜌𝑟

    Porositas = 100% - 31,9%

    Porositas = 68,1%
    Tabel 2.4 Data perhitungan porositas keramik

    Porositas keramik (%)

    Sampel ke-
    Laju pengeringan Laju pengeringan Laju pengeringan
    1 jam 1,5 jam 2 jam

    68 65 71
    1

    66 75 78
    2

    63 79 72
    3

    65 73 74
    Rata-rata

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