PROJECT

IN
DC MACHINERIES

SUBMITTED BY:
BRADLEY C. GAMAYON

SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. IAN PAGULAYAN
WAVE WINDING
In this winding the end of the coil is connected to the starting of another coil of
the same polarity as that of the first coil.
This winding forms a wave with its coil, that’s why we call it as wave winding.
Since we connect the coils in series here, we also call it series winding.

An armature winding in which the coils are laid in two layers and follow
each other on the surface of the armature in the form of waves with the
coils being so connected in series that there are only two paths for the
flow of current whatever the number of poles in the machine

Progressive Wave Winding

If after one round of the armature the coil falls in a slot right to its starting slot
the winging.
Retrogressive Wave Winding
If after one round of the armature the coil falls in a slot left to its starting slot the
winging

Here in the picture above we can see that 2nd conductor CD is in the left of the 1st conductor.

Important Points about Wave Winding

In simplex wave winding Back pitch (YB) and front pitch (YF) are both odd and are of
same sign. Back-pitch and front-pitch are nearly equal to the pole pitch and may be
equal or differ by ±2. + for progressive winding, - for retrogressive winding.
Here, Z is the no of conductors in the winding. P is the no of poles. Average pitch (YA) must be an
integer number, because it may close itself. We take ± 2 (two) because after one round of the
armature the winding falls sort of two conductors. If we take an average pitch Z/P then after one
round the winding will close itself without including all coil sides. Since average pitch must be an
integer, this winding is not possible with any no. of conductors. Let us take 8 conductors in a 4
pole machine.

Being fractional no the wave winding is no possible but if there was 6 conductors then the
winding can be done. Since,

Dummy Coil
The wave winding is possible only with particular number of conductors and slots
combinations. It is not always possible to have the standard stampings in the winding
shop consist of the number of slots according to the design requirements. In such
cases dummy coils are employed. This coil are placed in the slots to give the machine
the mechanical balance but they are not electrically connected to the rest of the
winding.

In multiplex wave winding … m is the multiplicity of the

winding. m = 1 for simplex winding m = 2 for duplex winding.
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WAVE AND LAP WINDING

Lap Winding Wave Winding

1. In this winding all the pole groups of the
coils generating e.m.f in the same direction
at any instant of time are connected in
parallel by the brushes.
1. In this winding all the coils carrying current in
the same direction are connected in series i.e.,
coils carrying current in one direction are
connected in one
series circuit and coils carrying current in
opposite
direction are connected in other series circuit.

2. Lap winding is also known as parallel 2. Wave winding is also known as series
windings. winding.
3. The number of parallel path is equal to the 3. The number of parallel paths is always equal
number to 2
of poles i.e., A = P. i.e., A = 2.
4. The number of brush required by this 4. The number of brushes required by this
winding always winding
equal to the number of poles. is always equal to 2.
5. The machine using lap winding requires 5. The machine using wave winding does
equalizer rings require dummy
for obtaining better commutation. coils to provide the mechanical balance for the
armature.
6. Lap windings are used for low voltage and 6. Wave windings are used for high voltage and
high current low
machines. current machines.
7. Lap windings are generally used for 7. Wave windings are generally used for
machines of ratings machines of
above 500 kW. ratings below 560 kW
 CONSTRUCTION OF WAVE WINDING

Formula:
𝑍±2 𝑍
Y A= YA=YB=YF YP=
𝑃 𝑃
YA= average pitch
YB= back pitch
YF= front pitch
YP= pole pitch

GIVEN:
P= 4 poles; Z= 18 armature conductors
18±2
Y A= =5
4

BACK CONNECTIONS FRONT CONNECTIONS

1 to (1+5) = 6 6 to (6+5) =11

11 to (11+5) = 16 16 to (16+5) =21-18=3

3 to (3+5) = 8 8 to (8+5) =13

13 to (13+5) =18 18 to (18+5) =23-18=5

5 to (5+5) =10 10 to (10+5) = 15

15 to (15+5) =20-18=2 2 to (2+5) =7

7 to (7+5) = 12 12 to (12+5) =17

17 to (17+5) = 22-18=4 4 to (4+5) = 9

9 to (9+5) =14 14 to (14+5) =19-18=1