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Day 10 - Wind Analysis PDF
Day 10 - Wind Analysis PDF
Buildings are subject to horizontal loads due to wind pressure acting on the buildings.
Wind load is calculated as per IS 875(Part III)-1987. The horizontal wind pressures act
on vertical external walls and exposed area of the buildings. Some of the pressure
acting on exposed surfaces of structural walls and columns is directly resisted by
bending of these members. The infill walls act as vertical plate supported at top and
bottom by floor beams, thus transferring the loads at slab level. The parapet wall is at
terrace transfers the wind loads to the surface slab by cantilever action. For simplicity,
the wind loads acting on exposed surfaces of a given storey are idealized to be
supported by upper and lower floors.
Wind forces acting on a given surface is equal to the wind pressures multiplied by the effected
area.
Vz= Vb K1 K2 K3 where
Vb= Basic wind speed in m/sec (Based on Appendix -A of various cities in IS 875
–Part 3)
Basic wind speed Vb, depends on the location of the building. For this purpose, the
country is divided in to six zones with specified wind speeds ranging from 33m/s to 55
m/s. Basic wind speed is based on gust velocity averaged over a short time interval of
3 seconds at 10m height from mean ground level in an open terrain and for 50 years
return period. Appendix A (Fig.1) of the code specified for some important cities/
towns is given.
Vb has 6 values 33, 39,44,47,50 &55 m/sec.
Category 1: Refers to no obstructions available to the building (e.g) sea coasts and
flat treeless plains where other structures if any have heights less than 1.5m.
Category 2: Refers to open terrain with scattered obstructions of 1.5m to 10m
height. (e.g) industrial area.
Category 3: Refers to areas of closed spaced buildings of height up to 10m (e.g)
buildings at outskirts of city
Category 4: Refers to area with highly closed buildings of large heights (e.g) dense
city area.
K2 factor also depends on the dimensions of the building under considerations. Based
on dimension of building, the structures are classified as Class A, Class B, Class C
Class A: Maximum of l, b, h <20m.
Class B: Maximum of l, b, h 20m to 50m.
Class C : Maximum of l, b, h > 50m.
15.0 2.0
20.0 2.1 AddClose.
Click Exposures Factor 1.0 Add Close.
Highlight Exposure and select node cursor and entire structure Assign to
selected nodes Assign Yes Close.
2.Applying the Wind Load:
1.Click Load case detail Add
Number : 3, Loading type: Wind
Title : Wind in X +ve dir Add.
Vb= 50m/sec
K1= 1.08 m/sec
K2= For Terrain category 2 and class B for 10.m height=0.98 ; 15m height=1.02
For 20m height=1.05 and 30m height=1.10
K3 =1.0 for plain category.
Vz= 50 x 1.08 x 0.98 x 1.0=52.9
The coefficient Cf is found from Figure 4A and 4B of IS 875-Part 3
a/b= Width of Building/Length of Building=28/36=0.8
h/a=Height of Building/ Width of building= 27/28=0.96
h/b= Height of Building/length of Building=27/36=0.75
Referring Fig. 4A and 4B of IS 875- part 3
For h/a =0.96 Cf=1.24 in X direction in STAAD
For h/b=0.75 Cf =1.215 in Z direction in STAAD
Wind force in a Building = Cf x Pd x area exposed.
The values are tabulated as follows:
Pi = Cf x Pd KN/m2
Height in Vz= Vb K1 K2 K3 Pd=0.6 Vz2
K2 X
metres N/m Z direction
direction
10 0.98 52.92 1680.32 2.08 2.04
15 1.02 55.08 1820.28 2.26 2.21
20 1.05 56.70 1928.93 2.39 2.34
30 1.10 59.4 2117.02 2.63 2.57