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Steel Structure
Steel Structure
Origin from the fata and have spend my childhood there have deep
impact on my understanding and sleeting the course. The interest in
structure and want to know the reason behind is from my origin. I was
interested in the structural design of bridges made by the local over
the rivers and the towers made at each house for protection. From
that point I was interested in knowing the logic behind the towers and
bridges and later became my compassion to choose the subjects.
Steel is widely used all around the world for different construction
purposes and among those bridges are one. The reason behind
choosing steel for the bridges is that they have the strong sustainable
future for maintaining that position. All over the world, steel has set
that example for their strong future is that none of bridge hasn’t yet
fall or damaged. There are also some example of steel based bridges
in Pakistan which are yet standing among us.
Some of the impressive and visible bended steel bridges are well
known all over the world that give a visible sense of their stiffness and
long-lasting ability. These are based in different structure, design and
construction and like Arch bridges. Chaotianmen bridge in China,
New river Gorge Bridge in Spain, Bayonne Bridge in New York and
Ayub Bridge in Sukkur Pakistan are the famous Iconic steel bridge in
world.
As we study in the class there are many methods for steel structure
design but the most common methods are LRFD and ASD.
1) LRFD:
LRFD means load and resistance factor design. In LRFD method the
factor of safety applied on both load (äct on the structure) and
resistance (resistance of structure againts the applied load) of the
material. Factor of safety means the ratio of ultimate strength of aa
member ( column or beam ) to the working stress. The uncertainity of
material strength and load also covered by the factor load or factor of
safety. E.g. If we add F.O.S 1.2 to the applied load and the
resistance, it will be
2) ASD:
ASD ( Allowable stress design) also known as Working Stress
Design. In this method the factor load or factor of safety is applied
only to resistance of the material. This design method is more safe
and reserve as compared to the load and resistance factor design
(LRFD). The allowable stress design is calculated by