Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Power Train Fundamental PDF
Power Train Fundamental PDF
3RZHU7UDLQ
7RSLFV
7UDQVPLVVLRQV
3URSHOOHU6KDIW$VVHPEOLHV
)LQDO'ULYHV
7RKHDUDXGLRFOLFNRQWKHER[
2YHUYLHZ
2QYHKLFOHVDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQHTXLSPHQWWKHSRZHUWUDLQWUDQVPLWVHQJLQHSRZHUWRWKH
ZKHHOVRUWUDFNV,QDVLPSOHDSSOLFDWLRQVXFKDVDVWDWLRQDU\HQJLQHSRZHUHGhoistD
VHWRIJHDUVFRXOGSHUIRUPWKLVWDVN+RZHYHUWKHYHKLFOHVDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQHTXLSPHQW
WKDW\RXRSHUDWHZHUHGHVLJQHGIRUULJRURXVDSSOLFDWLRQV7KH\ZHUHGHVLJQHGWR
SURYLGHSXOOLQJSRZHUPRYHDWKLJKVSHHGWUDYHOLQUHYHUVHDVZHOODVIRUZDUGDQG
RSHUDWHRQURXJKWHUUDLQDVZHOODVVPRRWKURDGV)RUWKHVHDSSOLFDWLRQVSRZHUWUDLQV
DUHHTXLSSHGZLWKDYDULHW\RIFRPSRQHQWVLQFOXGLQJWUDQVPLVVLRQVSURSHOOHUVKDIW
DVVHPEOLHVDQGILQDOGULYHV7KLVFKDSWHUFRYHUVWKHEDVLFSULQFLSOHVRIVXFK
FRPSRQHQWV
2EMHFWLYHV
:KHQ\RXKDYHFRPSOHWHGWKLVFKDSWHU\RXZLOOEHDEOHWRGRWKHIROORZLQJ
8QGHUVWDQGWKHSULQFLSOHVRIWUDQVPLVVLRQV
8QGHUVWDQGWKHSULQFLSOHVRISURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVHPEOLHV
8QGHUVWDQGWKHSULQFLSOHVRIILQDOGULYHV
3UHUHTXLVLWHV
1RQH
1$9('75$$
7KLVFRXUVHPDSVKRZVDOORIWKHFKDSWHUVLQ(TXLSPHQW2SHUDWRU%DVLF7KHVXJJHVWHG
WUDLQLQJRUGHUEHJLQVDWWKHERWWRPDQGSURFHHGVXS6NLOOOHYHOVLQFUHDVHDV\RXDGYDQFH
RQWKHFRXUVHPDS
0LVFHOODQHRXV(TXLSPHQW (
3DYLQJ2SHUDWLRQVDQG(TXLSPHQW 4
8
5LJJLQJ2SHUDWLRQV
,
&UDQHV
3
5ROOHUV 0
'R]HUV (
6FUDSHUV 1
*UDGHUV 7
'LWFKHUV
([FDYDWRUV
%DFNKRH/RDGHUV 2
)URQW(QG/RDGHUV 3
)RUNOLIWV (
7UXFN'ULYLQJ6DIHW\ 5
$
7UXFN7UDFWRUVDQG7UDLOHUV
7
7DQN7UXFNV
2
'XPS7UXFNV 5
0HGLXP7DFWLFDO9HKLFOH5HSODFHPHQWV
(DUWKZRUN2SHUDWLRQV
(OHFWULFDODQG+\GUDXOLF6\VWHPV
%
&KDVVLV6\VWHPV
$
3RZHU7UDLQ 6
(QJLQH6\VWHPV ,
7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ2SHUDWLRQV &
1$9('75$$
)HDWXUHVRIWKLV0DQXDO
7KLVPDQXDOKDVVHYHUDOIHDWXUHVZKLFKPDNHLWHDV\WRXVHRQOLQH
x )LJXUHDQGWDEOHQXPEHUVLQWKHWH[WDUHLWDOLFL]HG7KH)LJXUHRUWDEOHLVHLWKHU
QH[WWRRUEHORZWKHWH[WWKDWUHIHUVWRLW
x 7KHILUVWWLPHDJORVVDU\WHUPDSSHDUVLQWKHWH[WLWLVEROGDQGLWDOLFL]HG:KHQ
\RXUFXUVRUFURVVHVRYHUWKDWZRUGRUSKUDVHDSRSXSER[GLVSOD\VZLWKWKH
DSSURSULDWHGHILQLWLRQ
x $XGLRDQGYLGHRFOLSVDUHLQFOXGHGLQWKHWH[WZLWKLWDOLFL]HGLQVWUXFWLRQVWHOOLQJ
\RXZKHUHWRFOLFNWRDFWLYDWHLW
x 5HYLHZTXHVWLRQVWKDWDSSO\WRDVHFWLRQDUHOLVWHGXQGHUWKH7HVW<RXU
.QRZOHGJHEDQQHUDWWKHHQGRIWKHVHFWLRQ6HOHFWWKHDQVZHU\RXFKRRVH,I
WKHDQVZHULVFRUUHFW\RXZLOOEHWDNHQWRWKHQH[WVHFWLRQKHDGLQJ,IWKHDQVZHU
LVLQFRUUHFW\RXZLOOEHWDNHQWRWKHDUHDLQWKHFKDSWHUZKHUHWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLV
IRUUHYLHZ:KHQ\RXKDYHFRPSOHWHG\RXUUHYLHZVHOHFWDQ\ZKHUHLQWKDWDUHD
WRUHWXUQWRWKHUHYLHZTXHVWLRQ7U\WRDQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQDJDLQ
x 5HYLHZTXHVWLRQVDUHLQFOXGHGDWWKHHQGRIWKLVFKDSWHU6HOHFWWKHDQVZHU\RX
FKRRVH,IWKHDQVZHULVFRUUHFW\RXZLOOEHWDNHQWRWKHQH[WTXHVWLRQ,IWKH
DQVZHULVLQFRUUHFW\RXZLOOEHWDNHQWRWKHDUHDLQWKHFKDSWHUZKHUHWKH
LQIRUPDWLRQLVIRUUHYLHZ:KHQ\RXKDYHFRPSOHWHG\RXUUHYLHZVHOHFW
DQ\ZKHUHLQWKDWDUHDWRUHWXUQWRWKHUHYLHZTXHVWLRQ7U\WRDQVZHUWKH
TXHVWLRQDJDLQ
1$9('75$$
75$160,66,216
7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQDOVRNQRZQDVWKH³JHDUER[´LVDPDMRUSDUWRIWKHSRZHUWUDLQ
)LJXUH,WLVDV\VWHPRIJHDUVORFDWHGEHKLQGWKHHQJLQHEHWZHHQWKHFOXWFK
KRXVLQJDQGWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIW7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQSURYLGHVWKHPHFKDQLFDODGYDQWDJH
WKDWHQDEOHVWKHHQJLQHWRGULYHWKHYHKLFOH,WDOVRDOORZVWKHRSHUDWRUWRFRQWUROWKH
HQJLQHSRZHUDQGVSHHGRIWKHYHKLFOH
7KH1DYDO&RQVWUXFWLRQ)RUFH1&)KDVYHKLFOHVDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQHTXLSPHQW
HTXLSSHGZLWKPDQXDODQGDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQV,QDGGLWLRQVRPHRIWKHVHYHKLFOHV
DQGFRQVWUXFWLRQHTXLSPHQWKDYHDX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQV
)LJXUH±7\SLFDOSRZHUWUDLQ
0DQXDO7UDQVPLVVLRQ
7KHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQLVGHVLJQHGZLWKWZRSXUSRVHVLQPLQG2QHLVWRSURYLGHWKH
RSHUDWRUWKHRSWLRQRIPDQHXYHULQJWKHYHKLFOHVLQHLWKHUIRUZDUGRUUHYHUVHGLUHFWLRQ
7KLVLVDEDVLFUHTXLUHPHQWRIDOOYHKLFOHV$OPRVWDOOYHKLFOHVKDYHPXOWLSOHIRUZDUG
JHDUUDWLRVEXWLQPRVWFDVHVRQO\RQHUHYHUVHJHDUUDWLR*HDUUDWLRLVWKHQXPEHURI
WLPHVDGULYLQJJHDUPXVWURWDWHWRWXUQWKHGULYHQJHDU
$QRWKHUSXUSRVHRIWKHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQLVWRSURYLGHWKHRSHUDWRUDVHOHFWLRQRI
JHDUUDWLREHWZHHQWKHHQJLQHDQGZKHHOVVRWKDWWKHYHKLFOHFDQRSHUDWHXQGHUD
YDULHW\RIRSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQVDQGORDGV,ILQDSURSHURSHUDWLQJFRQGLWLRQDPDQXDO
WUDQVPLVVLRQVKRXOGGRWKHIROORZLQJ
x ,QFUHDVHtorqueJRLQJWRWKHUHDUZKHHOVIRUTXLFNDFFHOHUDWLRQ
x 6XSSO\GLIIHUHQWJHDUUDWLRVWRPDWFKGLIIHUHQWHQJLQHORDGFRQGLWLRQV
x +DYHDUHYHUVHJHDUUDWLRIRUPRYLQJWKHYHKLFOHEDFNZDUGV
x 3URYLGHWKHRSHUDWRUDQHDV\PHDQVRIVKLIWLQJWUDQVPLVVLRQJHDUV
x 2SHUDWHTXLHWO\ZLWKPLQLPXPHQJLQHSRZHUORVV
7KHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQLVRIWHQUHIHUUHGWRDV³VWLFNVKLIW´EHFDXVHWKHRSHUDWRUVKLIWV
JHDUVXVLQJDPDQXDOFRQWUROOHYHUFDOOHGDJHDUVKLIWOHYHUDQGDFOXWFKSHGDO
1$9('75$$
&OXWFK
7KHFOXWFKLVWKHILUVWSRZHUWUDLQFRPSRQHQW$VVKRZQLQ)LJXUHWKHFOXWFKLV
ORFDWHGEHWZHHQWKHHQJLQHDQGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ:KHQDQRSHUDWRUVKLIWVJHDUVLWLV
XVHGWRWHPSRUDULO\GLVFRQQHFWWKHHQJLQHDQGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ$IWHUVKLIWLQJLWUH
FRQQHFWVWKHHQJLQHDQGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ
6LQJOH'LVF&OXWFK±7KHVLQJOHGLVFFOXWFKLVFRPPRQLQ1&)¶VYHKLFOHVDQG
FRQVWUXFWLRQHTXLSPHQW,WLVFDOOHGDGU\FOXWFKEHFDXVHLQVWHDGRIXVLQJRLOOLNHRWKHU
W\SHVRIFOXWFKHVLWXVHVIULFWLRQWRRSHUDWH
7KHGULYLQJPHPEHUVRIWKHVLQJOHGLVNFOXWFKFRQVLVWRIWKHIO\ZKHHODQGWKHSUHVVXUH
SODWH7KHSUHVVXUHSODWHLVVSULQJORDGHGDQGEROWHGWRWKHHQJLQHIO\ZKHHO7KHGULYLQJ
PHPEHUVDUHDWWDFKHGWRWKHHQJLQHFUDQNVKDIWDQGWUDQVIHUHQJLQHSRZHUWRWKHGULYHQ
PHPEHU
7KHGULYHQPHPEHUFRQVLVWVRIDFOXWFKGLVFIDFHGRQERWKVLGHVZLWKIULFWLRQPDWHULDO
DQGsplinedWRWKHFOXWFKVKDIW)LJXUHVKRZVWKHGULYLQJDQGGULYHQPHPEHUVRID
VLQJOHGLVFFOXWFK
)LJXUH±6LQJOHGLVFFOXWFK
:KHQWKHUHLVQRSUHVVXUHRQWKHFOXWFKSHGDOWKHVSULQJDFWLRQRIWKHSUHVVXUHSODWH
ILUPO\FODPSVDQGKROGVWKHFOXWFKGLVFDJDLQVWWKHIO\ZKHHO7KLVUHVXOWVLQDGLUHFWQRQ
VOLSSLQJFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHGULYLQJDQGGULYHQFOXWFKPHPEHUV7KHFOXWFKGLVF
URWDWHVWKHFOXWFKVKDIWZKLFKLVDWWDFKHGWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQLQSXWVKDIW,QWKLVSRVLWLRQ
WKHFOXWFKLVIXOO\³HQJDJHG´WKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWUDQVIHUVSRZHUIORZWRWKHZKHHOV
:KHQWKHUHLVSUHVVXUHRQWKHFOXWFKSHGDOWKHSUHVVXUHSODWHSXOOVDZD\IURPWKH
FOXWFKGLVFUHOHDVLQJWKHGLVFIURPWKHIO\ZKHHO7KLVUHVXOWVLQDGLVFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQ
WKHGULYLQJDQGGULYHQFOXWFKPHPEHUV7KHHQJLQHFUDQNVKDIWLVDEOHWRWXUQZLWKRXW
URWDWLQJWKHGULYHQPHPEHUV%HFDXVHRIWKHGLVFRQQHFWLRQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQLVQR
ORQJHUWUDQVIHUULQJSRZHUIORZWRWKHZKHHOV,QWKLVSRVLWLRQWKHFOXWFKLV³GLVHQJDJHG´
DQGWKHRSHUDWRULVDEOHWRVKLIWJHDUV)LJXUHVKRZVWKHRSHUDWLRQRIDFOXWFK
1$9('75$$
)LJXUH±&OXWFKLQRSHUDWLRQ
'XULQJYHKLFOHRSHUDWLRQVHYHUDOFOXWFKWURXEOHVPD\RFFXULQFOXGLQJ
x FOXWFKVOLSSLQJclutch chatterRUJUDEELQJZKHQHQJDJLQJ
x VSLQQLQJRUGUDJJLQJZKHQHQJDJHG
x FOXWFKQRLVHVstiff clutch pedalDQGmushy shift
7KHVHWURXEOHVPXVWEHGRFXPHQWHGDQGUHSRUWHGWRPDLQWHQDQFHIRUUHSDLUV
6\QFKURPHVK7UDQVPLVVLRQ
7KHV\QFKURPHVKWUDQVPLVVLRQ)LJXUHLVWKHPRVWFRPPRQW\SHRIPDQXDO
WUDQVPLVVLRQ,WKDVSDUDOOHOVKDIWVZLWKJHDUVLQFRQVWDQWPHVK6KLIWLQJLVGRQHE\
ORFNLQJIUHHUXQQLQJJHDUVWRWKHLUVKDIWE\XVLQJVOLGLQJFROODUV7KLVW\SHRIPDQXDO
WUDQVPLVVLRQKDVDQH[WUDGHYLFHFDOOHGDV\QFKURQL]HU7KHV\QFKURQL]HUDFFHOHUDWHV
RUVORZVGRZQWKHURWDWLRQRIWKHVKDIWDQGJHDUXQWLOERWKDUHURWDWLQJDWWKHVDPH
VSHHGDQGFDQEHORFNHGWRJHWKHUZLWKRXWDJHDUFODVK7KHV\QFKURQL]HULVXVHGLQ
PRVWPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQVDQGLVFRPPRQLQHTXLSPHQWWKDWUHTXLUHVVKLIWLQJZKLOH
PRYLQJ
)LJXUH±6\QFKURQL]HUWUDQVPLVVLRQ
1$9('75$$
1RQ6\QFKURQL]HG7UDQVPLVVLRQ
7KHQRQV\QFKURQL]HGWUDQVPLVVLRQLVFRPPRQO\VHHQLQROGHUYHKLFOHV7KLVW\SHRI
PDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQEULQJVWKHWHHWKRIWKHGULYLQJDQGGULYHQJHDUVWRWKHVDPHVSHHG
9HKLFOHVZLWKQRQV\QFKURQL]HGWUDQVPLVVLRQVUHTXLUHGRXEOHFOXWFKVKLIWLQJWRSHUPLW
SURSHUHQJDJHPHQWRIWKHJHDUVDQGSUHYHQWPRPHQWXPORVV
0DQXDO6KLIW2SHUDWLRQ
7REHDJUHDW(TXLSPHQW2SHUDWRU\RXPXVWEHDEOHWRPDQXDOVKLIWSURSHUO\3RRU
PDQXDOVKLIWLQJFDQFDXVHSRRUYHKLFOHSHUIRUPDQFHDQGYHKLFOHGDPDJH
7KHIROORZLQJDUHSURSHUVWHSVIRUFOXWFKVKLIWLQJDQGGRXEOHFOXWFKVKLIWLQJ
&OXWFK6KLIWLQJ±$IWHU\RXKDYHSHUIRUPHGDSUHVWDUWFKHFNRQWKHYHKLFOHDQG\RXDUH
DFTXDLQWHGZLWKLWVLQVWUXPHQWVDQGFRQWUROVZDUPWKHHQJLQHZLWKWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQLQ
QHXWUDO)ROORZWKHVWHSVEHORZWRPRYHWKHYHKLFOH
6WHS :LWK\RXUOHIWIRRWGHSUHVVWKHFOXWFKSHGDODQGVKLIWLQWRORZRUILUVWJHDU
6WHS &KHFNWKHPLUURUVFKHFNEOLQGVSRWVDQGJLYHVLJQDOVDVUHTXLUHG
6WHS %HJLQWRUHOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDOSDXVLQJDWWKHIULFWLRQSRLQWDSSUR[LPDWHO\
WKHKDOIZD\SRLQWEHWZHHQWKHFOXWFKEHLQJIXOO\GHSUHVVHGDQGEHLQJ
UHOHDVHGRUZKHQ\RXIHHOLWWDNLQJKROG5HFKHFNWKHPLUURUVIRUWUDIILF
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHSDUNLQJEUDNHDQGVORZO\UHOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDODWWKHVDPH
WLPHVOLJKWO\GHSUHVVWKHDFFHOHUDWRU
6WHS :KHQGULYLQJRSHUDWLRQLVXQGHUZD\UHPRYH\RXUIRRWFRPSOHWHO\IURPWKH
FOXWFKSHGDO
'RXEOH&OXWFK6KLIWLQJ±)ROORZWKHVHVWHSVWRVKLIWWRDKLJKHUJHDU
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHSUHVVXUHRQWKHDFFHOHUDWRUDV\RXEHJLQGHSUHVVLQJWKHFOXWFK
SHGDO
6WHS :KHQWKHFOXWFKSHGDOLVIXOO\GHSUHVVHGPRYHWKHJHDUVKLIWOHYHUWRWKH
QHXWUDOSRVLWLRQ
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDO
6WHS :KHQWKHSURSHUUSPIRUWKHQH[WKLJKHUJHDULVUHDFKHGGHSUHVVWKHFOXWFK
SHGDODJDLQ
6WHS :KLOHWKHSHGDOLVGHSUHVVHGPRYHWKHJHDUVKLIWOHYHUWRWKHQH[WKLJKHU
JHDU
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDODQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHGHSUHVVWKHDFFHOHUDWRU
'RXEOH&OXWFK6KLIWLQJ±)ROORZWKHVHVWHSVWRVKLIWWRDORZHUJHDU
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHSUHVVXUHRQWKHDFFHOHUDWRUDV\RXEHJLQGHSUHVVLQJWKHFOXWFK
SHGDO
6WHS :KHQWKHFOXWFKSHGDOLVIXOO\GHSUHVVHGPRYHWKHJHDUVKLIWOHYHUWRWKH
QHXWUDOSRVLWLRQ
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDODQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHGHSUHVVWKHDFFHOHUDWRUWR
VSHHGXSWKHHQJLQH
6WHS /HWXSRQWKHDFFHOHUDWRUDQGGHSUHVVWKHFOXWFKSHGDO
1$9('75$$
6WHS :KLOHWKHSHGDOLVGHSUHVVHGPRYHWKHJHDUVKLIWOHYHUWRWKHQH[WORZHU
JHDU
6WHS 5HOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDODQGDWWKHVDPHWLPHGHSUHVVWKHDFFHOHUDWRUWR
PDLQWDLQHQJLQHVSHHGDVWKHHQJDJHPHQWRIWKHFOXWFKDJDLQFRQQHFWVWKH
ORDGWRWKHHQJLQH
127(
7KHVWHSVIRUVKLIWLQJWRDORZHUJHDULVWKHVDPHDVVKLIWLQJWRDKLJKHUJHDUH[FHSW
ZKHQVKLIWLQJWRDORZHUJHDUWKHHQJLQHLVDFFHOHUDWHGZKLOHWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQLVLQ
QHXWUDO
)LJXUHVKRZVWKHHOHPHQWVRIVKLIWLQJ
)LJXUH±(OHPHQWVRIVKLIWLQJ
:KHQSHUIRUPLQJWKHVWHSVSURYLGHGDERYH\RXVKRXOGNQRZWKHYHKLFOH¶VVKLIWSDWWHUQ
VRZHOOWKDW\RXFDQVKLIWJHDUVZLWKRXWORRNLQJDWWKHJHDUVKLIWOHYHU7KHVKLIWSDWWHUQ
LVXVXDOO\VKRZQLQWKHYHKLFOHRURSHUDWRU¶VPDQXDO5HPHPEHUWRPRYHWKHJHDUVKLIW
OHYHURQO\ZKHQ\RXKDYHIXOO\GHSUHVVHGWKHFOXWFKSHGDO7RVKLIWJHDUVVPRRWKO\DQG
TXLHWO\NHHSWKHSHGDOIXOO\GHSUHVVHGXQWLOWKHVKLIWKDVEHHQFRPSOHWHG
,QDGGLWLRQOHDUQZKHQWRGLVHQJDJHWKHFOXWFKDQGWKHDPRXQWRIIUHHSOD\LQWKHFOXWFK
SHGDO)UHHSOD\LVWKHDPRXQWRISHGDOPRYHPHQWSRVVLEOHDWWKHWRSRIWKHVWURNH
ZLWKRXWHQJDJLQJRUGLVHQJDJLQJWKHFOXWFK
5HFRJQL]LQJDQ\FKDQJHVLQIUHHSOD\LVLPSRUWDQW$VWKHFOXWFKVXUIDFHVZHDUIUHH
SOD\GLPLQLVKHVXQWLOWKHFOXWFKFDQQRWIXOO\HQJDJHUHVXOWLQJLQVOLSSDJHRYHUKHDWLQJ
1$9('75$$
DQGUDSLGZHDU5RXWLQHLQVSHFWLRQRIIUHHSOD\LVQHFHVVDU\WRHQVXUHIXOOHQJDJHPHQW
RIWKHFOXWFK
5HPHPEHUWRNHHS\RXUIRRWRIIWKHFOXWFKSHGDODWDOOWLPHVH[FHSWZKHQVWDUWLQJ
VWRSSLQJRUVKLIWLQJJHDUV6OLJKWFRQVWDQWSUHVVXUHRQWKHFOXWFKSHGDOFDQFDXVH
H[FHVVLYHZHDU)RUWKLVUHDVRQZKHQVWRSSHGRQDKLOO\RXVKRXOGXVHWKHEUDNHVWR
NHHSIURPUROOLQJEDFNZDUGV
:KLOHZDLWLQJIRUDORQJWUDIILFOLJKWRUKDOWHGIRURWKHUUHDVRQVGHSUHVVHGWKHFOXWFK
SHGDODQGVKLIWWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQJHDUVKLIWOHYHULQWRQHXWUDO$IWHUVKLIWLQJLQWRQHXWUDO
UHOHDVHWKHFOXWFKSHGDO
:KHQVORZLQJ\RXUYHKLFOHWRVWRSRUPDNHDWXUQDOZD\VGRZQVKLIWDV\RXVWRS
&RDVWLQJDWDKLJKVSHHGUDWHZLWKWKHFOXWFKSHGDOGHSUHVVHGLVGDQJHURXVDQG
DEXVLYHWRWKHYHKLFOH7KLVSUDFWLFHPDNHVFRQWUROOLQJWKHYHKLFOHGLIILFXOWDQGFDQ
GDPDJHWRWKHFOXWFK
&$87,21
:KHQ\RXDUHVKLIWLQJJHDUVLQURXJKWHUUDLQDQGRQKLOOVQHYHUOHW\RXUYHKLFOHVORZ
GRZQWRWKHSRLQWWKHHQJLQHEHJLQVWRODERURUMHUNEHIRUHVKLIWLQJLQWRDORZHUJHDU
UDWLR$OZD\VDQWLFLSDWHWKHQHHGIRUH[WUDHQJLQHSRZHUDQGVKLIWJHDUVDFFRUGLQJO\
:KHQGHVFHQGLQJDKLOOZLWKRUZLWKRXWDKHDY\FDUJRORDGDOZD\VGULYHZLWK\RXU
YHKLFOHLQJHDUDQGWKHFOXWFKSHGDORXW
127(
<RXPD\HQFRXQWHUYHKLFOHVWKDWPD\KDYHFRPSOLFDWHGWUDQVPLVVLRQVVXFKDVPXOWL
JHDUUDQJHVGXDOVSHHGD[OHVRURWKHUVSHFLDOIHDWXUHV<RXDUHUHVSRQVLEOHIRU
UHDGLQJDQGXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHRSHUDWRU¶VPDQXDOEHIRUHRSHUDWLQJDQ\YHKLFOHRU
HTXLSPHQW
3URYLGHGDUHVRPHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQWURXEOHVWKDW\RXPD\HQFRXQWHUDQGPXVW
UHSRUWWRPDLQWHQDQFH
x +DUGVKLIWLQJ
x 6OLSSLQJRXWRIJHDU
x 1RHQJLQHSRZHUWKURXJKWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ
x 7UDQVPLVVLRQQRLV\ZKHQLQJHDU
x *HDUFODVKZKHQVKLIWLQJ
x 2LOOHDNV
1$9('75$$
$XWRPDWLF7UDQVPLVVLRQ
/LNHWKHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQWKHDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQ)LJXUHLVGHVLJQHGWR
PDWFKWKHORDGUHTXLUHPHQWVDYHKLFOHWRWKHHQJLQHSRZHUDQGVSHHGUDQJHRILWV
HQJLQH+RZHYHUXQOLNHWKHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQWKHDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQGRHVQRW
KDYHWREHVKLIWHGPDQXDOO\,WVKLIWVDXWRPDWLFDOO\GHSHQGLQJRQWKURWWOHSRVLWLRQ
YHKLFOHVSHHGDQGSRVLWLRQRIWKHVHOHFWRUOHYHU$XWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQVDUHXVHGLQ
YHKLFOHVWKDWKDYHWZRWRILYHIRUZDUGVSHHGVDQGLQVRPHYHKLFOHVWKDWDUHHTXLSSHG
ZLWKRYHUGULYH2SHUDWRUFRQWUROLVOLPLWHGWKHRSHUDWRUVHOHFWVJHDUUDQJHE\PRYLQJD
WUDQVPLVVLRQVHOHFWRU
)LJXUH±$XWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQ
)OXLG&RXSOLQJ
7KHDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQLVFRXSOHGWRWKHHQJLQHE\DWRUTXHFRQYHUWHUDW\SHRI
IOXLGFRXSOLQJ$IOXLGFRXSOLQJDGHYLFHWKDWXVHVRLOWRWUDQVPLWURWDWLQJPHFKDQLFDO
SRZHULVXVHGDVDQDOWHUQDWLYHWRWKHPHFKDQLFDOFOXWFK,WIXQFWLRQVE\VOLSSLQJDW
LGOLQJVSHHGVDQGE\KROGLQJWRLQFUHDVHSRZHUDVHQJLQHVSHHGLQFUHDVHV
7KHSULQFLSOHRIIOXLGFRXSOLQJLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH$VWZRIDQVIDFHHDFKRWKHUWKH
VSHHGRIURWDWLRQRIRQHIDQPDNHVWKHRWKHUIDQURWDWH:KHQWKHVSHHGRIGULYLQJIDQ
FKDQJHVIURPPHGLXPWRORZWKHGULYHQIDQORVHVVSHHGEXWLIWKHIDQVSHHGLQFUHDVHV
IURPPHGLXPWRKLJKWKHVSHHGRIWKHGULYHQIDQSLFNVXS
1$9('75$$
)LJXUH±3ULQFLSOHRIIOXLGFRXSOLQJ
7RUTXH&RQYHUWHU±7KHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHU
)LJXUHLVDPRGLILHGIOXLGFRXSOLQJ,W
SHUIRUPVWKHVDPHIXQFWLRQDVWKHGU\
FOXWFKRQDPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQ/LNHWKH
GU\FOXWFKWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHULVORFDWHG
EHWZHHQWKHHQJLQHIO\ZKHHODQGWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQ
)LJXUH±7RUTXHFRQYHUWHU
$VVKRZQLV)LJXUHDWRUTXHFRQYHUWHUKDVIRXUEDVLFSDUWV
x 2XWHUKRXVLQJQRUPDOO\PDGHRIWZRSLHFHVRIVWHHOZHOGHGWRJHWKHULQD
GRXJKQXWVKDSHKRXVLQJWKHLPSHOOHUVWDWRUDQGWXUELQH7KHKRXVLQJLVILOOHG
ZLWKWUDQVPLVVLRQIOXLGRLO
x ,PSHOOHUDGULYLQJPHPEHUWKDWSURGXFHVRLOPRYHPHQWE\XVHRIFXUYHGYDQHV
LQVLGHWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHUZKHQWKHHQJLQHLVUXQQLQJ,WLVDOVRFDOOHGWKH
FRQYHUWHUSXPS
x 7XUELQHDGULYHQIDQZLWKFXUYHGYDQHVVSOLQHGWRWKHLQSXWVKDIWRIWKH
DXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQ,QVLGHWKHRXWHUKRXVLQJLWLVORFDWHGLQIURQWRIWKHVWDWRU
DQGLPSHOOHU,WLVQRWIDVWHQHGWRWKHLPSHOOHUEXWLQVWHDGIUHHWRURWDWH
LQGHSHQGHQWO\2LOLVWKHRQO\FRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZR
x 6WDWRUGHVLJQHGWRLPSURYHRLOFLUFXODWLRQLQVLGHWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHU,W
LQFUHDVHVHIILFLHQF\DQGWRUTXHE\FDXVLQJWKHRLOWRVZLUODURXQGWKHLQVLGHRIWKH
KRXVLQJ6HFXUHGLQWKHRXWHUKRXVLQJWKHVWDWRULVORFDWHGEHWZHHQWKHLPSHOOHU
DQGWXUELQH,WDFWVDVDIXOFUXPSLYRWZLWKFXUYHGYDQHV
1$9('75$$
7KHSULPDU\DFWLRQRIWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHUUHVXOWVIURPWKHDFWLRQRIWKHLPSHOOHU
SDVVLQJRLODWDQDQJOHLQWRWKHEODGHVRIWKHWXUELQH7KHRLOSXVKHVDJDLQVWWKHIDFHVRI
WKHWXUELQHYDQHVFDXVLQJWKHWXUELQHWRURWDWHLQWKHVDPHGLUHFWLRQDVWKHLPSHOOHU
:KHQWKHHQJLQHLVLGOLQJWKHLPSHOOHUVSLQVVORZO\WKURZLQJRQO\DVPDOODPRXQWRIRLO
LQWRWKHVWDWRUDQGWXUELQH7KLVVPDOODPRXQWRIRLOGRHVQRWGHYHORSHQRXJKIRUFH
LQVLGHWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHUWRVSLQWKHWXUELQH7KHYHKLFOHUHPDLQVVWDWLRQDU\ZLWKWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQLQJHDU'XULQJDFFHOHUDWLRQWKHHQJLQHFUDQNVKDIWWKHRXWHUKRXVLQJDQG
WKHLPSHOOHUEHJLQWRPRYHIDVWHU0RUHRLOLVWKURZQRXWE\centrifugal forceURWDWLQJ
WKHWXUELQH$VDUHVXOWWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQLQSXWVKDIWDQGYHKLFOHVWDUWWRPRYHEXWZLWK
VRPHVOLSSDJH
$WFUXLVLQJVSHHGVWKHLPSHOOHUDQGWXUELQHVSLQVDWDOPRVWWKHVDPHVSHHGZLWKYHU\
OLWWOHVOLSSDJH:KHQWKHLPSHOOHUVSLQVIDVWHQRXJKFHQWULIXJDOIRUFHWKURZVRLORXW
DOPRVWKDUGHQRXJKWRORFNWKHLPSHOOHUDQGWXUELQH$IWHUWKHRLOKDVLPSDUWHGLWVIRUFH
WRWKHWXUELQHWKHRLOIROORZVWKHFRQWRXURIWKHWXUELQHVKHOODQGYDQHVOHDYLQJWKH
FHQWHUVHFWLRQRIWKHWXUELQHVSLQQLQJFRXQWHUFORFNZLVH%HFDXVHWKHWXUELQHKDV
DEVRUEHGWKHIRUFHUHTXLUHGWRUHYHUVHWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHFORFNZLVHVSLQQLQJRIWKHRLO
LWQRZKDVJUHDWHUIRUFHWKDQLVEHLQJGHOLYHUHGE\WKHHQJLQH7KHSURFHVVRI
PXOWLSO\LQJHQJLQHWRUTXHKDVEHJXQ
7KHVWDWRULVPRXQWHGRQDRQHZD\FOXWFKWKDWDOORZVLWWRURWDWHFORFNZLVHEXWQRW
FRXQWHUFORFNZLVH7KHSXUSRVHRIWKHVWDWRULVWRUHGLUHFWWKHRLOUHWXUQLQJIURPWKH
WXUELQHDQGFKDQJHLWVURWDWLRQEDFNWRWKDWRIWKHLPSHOOHU6WDWRUDFWLRQLVQHHGHGRQO\
ZKHQWKHLPSHOOHUDQGWXUELQHDUHWXUQLQJDWGLIIHUHQWVSHHGV7KHRQHZD\FOXWFKORFNV
WKHVWDWRUZKHQWKHLPSHOOHULVWXUQLQJIDVWHUWKDQWKHWXUELQH7KLVFDXVHVWKHVWDWRUWR
URXWHRLOIORZRYHUWKHLPSHOOHUYDQHVSURSHUO\7KHQZKHQWXUELQHVSHHGDOPRVWHTXDOV
LPSHOOHUVSHHGWKHVWDWRUFDQIUHHZKHHORQLWVVKDIWVRLWGRHVQRWREVWUXFWIORZ)LJXUH
VKRZVWKHRSHUDWLRQRIDWRUTXHFRQYHUWHU
)LJXUH±7RUTXHFRQYHUWHULQRSHUDWLRQ
1$9('75$$
3ODQHWDU\*HDUV
$SODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHP)LJXUHLV
WKHKHDUWRIWKHDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQ,W
HQDEOHVWKHDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQWRXVH
WRUTXHHIILFLHQWO\7KHSODQHWDU\JHDU
V\VWHPFRQVLVWVRIWKUHHPHPEHUVWKHVXQ
JHDUULQJJHDUDQGSODQHWDU\SLQLRQZLWK
FDUULHUZKLFKKROGVWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUVLQ
SURSHUUHODWLRQWRWKHVXQDQGULQJJHDU
7KHVXQJHDULVLQWKHFHQWHURIWKH
V\VWHP7KHWHUPSODQHWILWVWKHVHSLQLRQV
DQGJHDUVEHFDXVHWKH\URWDWHURXQGWKH
VXQJHDUDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KH
ULQJJHDURULQWHUQDOJHDULVVRFDOOHG
EHFDXVHRILWVVKDSHDQGLQWHUQDOWHHWK
)LJXUH±3ODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHP
)LJXUH±3ODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPLQRSHUDWLRQ
+\GUDXOLFVHUYRVDQGVSULQJSUHVVXUHKROGDQGUHOHDVHWKHFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHSODQHWDU\
JHDUV\VWHP%\GRLQJVRWKH\PDNHLWLVSRVVLEOHWRGRWKHIROORZLQJ
x 5HGXFHRXWSXWVSHHGDQGLQFUHDVHWRUTXHJHDUUHGXFWLRQ
x ,QFUHDVHRXWSXWVSHHGZKLOHUHGXFLQJWRUTXHRYHUGULYH
x 5HYHUVHRXWSXWGLUHFWLRQUHYHUVHJHDU
x 6HUYHDVDVROLGXQLWWRWUDQVIHUSRZHURQHWRRQHUDWLR
x )UHHZKHHOWRVWRSSRZHUIORZSDUNRUQHXWUDO
$QDGYDQWDJHRIWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPLVWKDWLWLVFRPSDFW$GGLWLRQDOO\WKH
SODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPKDVPRUHWHHWKWRPDNHFRQWDFWDQGFDUU\WKHORDG8VXDOO\HDFK
SODQHWDU\JHDUPHVKHVZLWKDWOHDVWWZRRWKHUJHDUV1RQHRIWKHWHHWKDUHGDPDJHGDV
DUHVXOWRIWHHWKFODVKLQJRUDSDUWLDOPHVKEHFDXVHWKHJHDUVDUHDOZD\VLQPHVK
$QRWKHUDGYDQWDJHLVWKHHDVHRIVKLIWLQJJHDUV3ODQHWDU\JHDUVVHWLQDXWRPDWLF
WUDQVPLVVLRQVDUHVKLIWHGZLWKRXWDQ\VSHFLDOVNLOOUHTXLUHGE\WKHRSHUDWRU
1$9('75$$
3RZHUFDQEHWUDQVPLWWHGWKURXJKWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPLQYDULRXVZD\V$VKDIW
IURPWKHHQJLQHPD\EHFRQQHFWHGWRGULYHWKHVXQJHDU,WPD\EHFRQQHFWHGWRGULYH
WKHSODQHWFDUULHURUFRQQHFWHGWRGULYHWKHULQJJHDU7KHSURSHOOHUVKDIWPD\DOVREH
FRQQHFWHGWRDQ\RQHRIWKHVHPHPEHUVKRZHYHUSRZHUFDQEHWUDQVPLWWHGLQWKH
SODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPRQO\ZKHQ
x 7KHHQJLQHLVGHOLYHULQJSRZHUWRRQHRIWKHWKUHHPHPEHUV
x 7KHSURSHOOHUVKDIWLVFRQQHFWHGWRRQHRIWKHRWKHUPHPEHUVDQG
x 7KHUHPDLQLQJPHPEHULVKHOGDJDLQVWURWDWLRQ
$OOWKUHHRIWKHVHFRQGLWLRQVPXVWEHVDWLVILHGIRUSRZHUWREHWUDQVPLWWHGLQWKHV\VWHP
$XWRPDWLF7UDQVPLVVLRQ2SHUDWLRQ
0RVWDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQVIXQFWLRQLQWKHVDPHZD\7KH\FRPELQHDWRUTXH
FRQYHUWHUZLWKDSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPDQGFRQWUROWKHVKLIWLQJRIWKHSODQHWDU\JHDU
ZLWKDQDXWRPDWLFK\GUDXOLFFRQWUROV\VWHP7KHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHULVDWWDFKHGWRWKH
HQJLQHFUDQNVKDIWDQGVHUYHVDVWKHHQJLQHIO\ZKHHO7KLVGHVLJQPHDQVWKDWZKHQWKH
HQJLQHUXQVHQJLQHSRZHUIORZVLQWRWKHFRQYHUWHUDQGGULYHVWKHFRQYHUWHURXWSXW
WXUELQHVKDIW7KHUHLVQRQHXWUDOLQWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHU1HXWUDOLVSURYLGHGLQWKH
SODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPE\WKHUHOHDVHRIEDQGVDQGFOXWFKHV
7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQDXWRPDWLFDOO\PXOWLSOLHVDQGWUDQVPLWVHQJLQHWRUTXHWRWKHSURSHOOHU
VKDIWDVGULYLQJFRQGLWLRQVGHPDQG7KHRSHUDWRUSDUWLDOO\FRQWUROVWKHVSHHGRIFRXSOLQJ
DQGJHDUVKLIWLQJ7KHRSHUDWRURQO\KDVSDUWLDOFRQWUROLQWKHGULYHSRVLWLRQEHFDXVHWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQVKLIWVWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPLQWRWKHKLJKHUJHDUVWRSUHYHQWHQJLQH
RYHUVSHHGLQJUHJDUGOHVVRIWKURWWOHSRVLWLRQ
7KHRSHUDWLRQRIDXWRPDWLFVKLIWYHKLFOHVLVTXLWHVLPSOHKRZHYHUSURIHVVLRQDO
RSHUDWRUVPXVWOHDUQWRRSHUDWHWKHPVPRRWKO\DQGSURSHUO\
,QYHKLFOHVHTXLSSHGZLWKDXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQVWKHLQLWLDOJHDUVHOHFWLRQLVFRQWUROOHG
E\WKHWUDQVPLVVLRQVHOHFWRU0RVWYHKLFOHVDWOHDVWIRXURIWKHILYHIROORZLQJVHOHFWRU
SRVLWLRQV
3DUN33RVLWLRQ±2QVPDOOHUYHKLFOHVVXFKDVVHGDQVDQGSLFNXSWUXFNVWKHSDUN
SRVLWLRQLVXVHGWRORFNWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQVRWKHYHKLFOHFDQQRWUROOZKLOHSDUNHG2Q
VRPHODUJHUYHKLFOHVWKHSDUNSRVLWLRQGRHVQRWORFNWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ9HKLFOHVZLWKD
SDUNSRVLWLRQVKRXOGEHVWDUWHGLQWKLVSRVLWLRQ
1HXWUDO13RVLWLRQ±9HKLFOHVQRWHTXLSSHGZLWKDSDUNSRVLWLRQDUHVWDUWHGIURPWKH
QHXWUDOSRVLWLRQ,QWKLVSRVLWLRQWKHHQJLQHLVGLVHQJDJHGIURPWKHYHKLFOH¶VSURSHOOHU
VKDIW
'ULYH'3RVLWLRQ±:LWKWKHVHOHFWRULQWKHGULYHSRVLWLRQWKHYHKLFOHPRYHVIRUZDUGDV
\RXGHSUHVVWKHDFFHOHUDWRU$IWHUVWDUWLQJWKHHQJLQHLQWKHSDUNRUQHXWUDOSRVLWLRQ
VWHSRQWKHEUDNHDQGFKDQJHWKHVHOHFWRUWR³'´RU³'5´WRPRYHIRUZDUG7RDYRLG
SUHPDWXUHIRUZDUGPRYHPHQWNHHSIRRWSUHVVXUHRQWKHEUDNHSHGDOZKLOHSRVLWLRQLQJ
WKHVHOHFWRU7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQZLOODXWRPDWLFDOO\VKLIWWRKLJKHUJHDUVDVVSHHG
LQFUHDVHVZLWKRXWDQ\IXUWKHURSHUDWRUDFWLRQ
/RZ/RU3RZHU3RVLWLRQ±:KHQWKHVHOHFWRULVLQWKHORZSRVLWLRQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQZLOO
QRWVKLIWDXWRPDWLFDOO\WRKLJKHUJHDUUDWLRV7KHORZSRVLWLRQLVXVHGZKHQQHJRWLDWLQJ
VWHHSJUDGHVDQGURXJKWHUUDLQRUZKHQEUDNLQJSRZHULVUHTXLUHG:KHQORZUDQJHLV
QRORQJHUQHHGHGUHOHDVHWKHDFFHOHUDWRUWHPSRUDULO\DQGPRYHWKHVHOHFWRUWRWKH
GULYHSRVLWLRQIRUQRUPDOJHDUSURJUHVVLRQ,QWKHGULYHSRVLWLRQWKHORZUDQJHHQJDJHV
1$9('75$$
DXWRPDWLFDOO\ZKHQHQJLQHVSHHGGHFUHDVHV,IWKHDFFHOHUDWRULVVXGGHQO\IXOO\
GHSUHVVHGWKHORZUDQJHEHFRPHVHQJDJHG7KLVSURFHGXUHPD\EHXVHGWRSURYLGHD
VXGGHQEXUVWRIVSHHGIRUSDVVLQJ:KHQDSUHGHWHUPLQHGHQJLQHVSHHGKDVEHHQ
DWWDLQHGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQDXWRPDWLFDOO\UHWXUQVWRGULYLQJUDQJH
5HYHUVH53RVLWLRQ±6RPHVHOHFWRUVPXVWEHUDLVHGVOLJKWO\WRPRYHWRWKHUHYHUVH
SRVLWLRQ2WKHUVPD\UHTXLUHWKHRSHUDWRUWRSUHVVGRZQRQEXWWRQRQWKHHQGRIWKH
VHOHFWRUEHIRUHPRYLQJLQUHYHUVH
%HIRUHRSHUDWLQJDYHKLFOHRUSLHFHHTXLSPHQWEHFRPHIDPLOLDUZLWKLWVLQVWUXPHQWV
FRQWUROVDQGVHOHFWRUSRVLWLRQV7KHORFDWLRQRIWKHUHYHUVHSRVLWLRQPD\YDU\:KHQ
PRYLQJWKHVHOHFWRUWKHRSHUDWRUPXVWEHDZDUHRIWKHUHYHUVHSRVLWLRQRIWKHRSHUDWHG
YHKLFOHLQRUGHUWRDYRLGPRYLQJLQDQXQLQWHQGHGGLUHFWLRQ
$X[LOLDU\7UDQVPLVVLRQ
7KHDX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQSURYLGHVWZR
DGGLWLRQDOJHDUUDWLRVLQWKHSRZHUWUDLQ
KLJK+UDQJHDQGORZ/UDQJH7KHVH
JHDUVDUHVKLIWHGE\DVHSDUDWHJHDUVKLIW
OHYHULQWKHRSHUDWRU¶VFDE7KHDX[LOLDU\
WUDQVPLVVLRQLVLQVWDOOHGEHKLQGWKHPDLQ
WUDQVPLVVLRQDQGHQJLQHSRZHUIORZV
GLUHFWO\WRLWIURPWKHPDLQWUDQVPLVVLRQ
)LJXUH
:KHQWKHRSHUDWRUVKLIWVWKHDX[LOLDU\
WUDQVPLVVLRQLQWRWKHKLJKUDQJHSRVLWLRQ
HQJLQHSRZHUIORZVGLUHFWO\WKURXJKWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQDQGLVFRQWUROOHGRQO\E\WKH
PDLQWUDQVPLVVLRQ
)LJXUH±$X[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQ
:KHQWKHDX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQLVVKLIWHGLQWRWKHORZUDQJHYHKLFOHVSHHGLV
GHFUHDVHVDQGWRUTXHLQFUHDVHV7KLVUDQJHLVLGHDOIRUKDUGSXOOV:KHQWKHORZUDQJH
LVXVHGZLWKWKHORZHVWVSHHGRIWKHPDLQWUDQVPLVVLRQWKHHQJLQHGULYHVWKHZKHHOV
YHU\VORZO\DQGZLWKOHVVHQJLQHKRUVHSRZHU
1$9('75$$
7UDQVIHU&DVH
7KHWUDQVIHUFDVHDOVRNQRZQDVWKH
³WUDQVIHUER[´)LJXUHLVXVHGRQDOO
ZKHHOGULYHYHKLFOHVWRGLYLGHHQJLQHWRUTXH
EHWZHHQWKHIURQWDQGUHDUGULYLQJD[OHV
7KHWUDQVIHUFDVHDOVRDOORZVWKHIURQW
GULYLQJD[OHWREHGLVHQJDJHGWRSUHYHQW
XQGXHZHDURQWKHSRZHUWUDLQFRPSRQHQWV
GXULQJKLJKZD\RSHUDWLRQ
$QRWKHUSXUSRVHRIWKHWUDQVIHUFDVHLVWR
PRYHWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWIRUWKHIURQWGULYLQJ
D[OHRIIWRWKHVLGHVRWKDWLWFDQFOHDUWKH
HQJLQH7KLVDUUDQJHPHQWLVQHFHVVDU\WR
DOORZDGHTXDWHJURXQGFOHDUDQFHDQGWR
DOORZWKHERG\RIWKHYHKLFOHWRUHPDLQDWD
SUDFWLFDOKHLJKW
7UDQVIHUFDVHVLQKHDYLHUYHKLFOHVKDYHWZR
VSHHGSRVLWLRQVDQGDGHFOXWFKLQJGHYLFH
IRUGLVFRQQHFWLQJWKHIURQWGULYLQJZKHHOV
7ZRVSHHGWUDQVIHUFDVHVDOVRVHUYHDV
DX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQV
7UDQVIHUFDVHVDUHTXLWHFRPSOLFDWHG7KH\
FDQEHODUJHUWKDQWKHPDLQWUDQVPLVVLRQ
ZKHQWKH\KDYHVSHHGFKDQJLQJJHDUV
GHFOXWFKLQJGHYLFHVDQGDWWDFKPHQWVIRU
WKUHHRUPRUHSURSHOOHUVKDIWV
6RPHWUDQVIHUFDVHVKDYHDQRYHUUXQQLQJ
VSUDJXQLWRUXQLWVRQWKHIURQWRXWSXWVKDIW
$VSUDJXQLWLVDIRUPRIDQoverrunning
clutchSRZHUFDQEHWUDQVPLWWHGWKURXJKLW
LQRQO\RQHGLUHFWLRQ
'XULQJQRUPDORSHUDWLRQWKHUHDUZKHHOV
GULYHWKHYHKLFOH7KHIURQWZKHHOVWXUQDW
WKHVDPHVSHHGDVWKHUHDUZKHHOV
+RZHYHUZKHQWKHUHDUZKHHOVORVHWUDFWLRQ
DQGEHJLQWRVOLSWKH\WXUQIDVWHUWKDQWKH )LJXUH±7UDQVIHUFDVHORFDWLRQ
IURQWZKHHOV:KHQWKLVRFFXUVWKHVSUDJ
XQLWHQJDJHVWKHIURQWZKHHOVWRGULYHWKH
YHKLFOHIRUPRUHWUDFWLRQ
1$9('75$$
3RZHU7DNHRII
$SRZHUWDNHRII372LVDQDWWDFKPHQWIRUFRQQHFWLQJWKHHQJLQHWRSRZHUGULYHQ
DX[LOLDU\HTXLSPHQW,WFDQEHDWWDFKHGWRWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQDX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQRU
WUDQVIHUFDVH)LJXUHVKRZVD372LQVWDOOHGDWWKHOHIWVLGHRIDWUDQVPLVVLRQ7KLV
372LVXVHGWRGULYHDwinchDWWKHIURQWRIDWUXFNWKURXJKDXQLYHUVDOMRLQWDQG
SURSHOOHUVKDIW
)LJXUH±3RZHUWDNHRIIDQGZLQFKLQVWDOODWLRQ
7KHVLPSOHVWW\SHRI372LVWKHVLQJOHVSHHGVLQJOHJHDUVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KLV
W\SHRIXQLWPD\EHEROWHGRQWRWKHVLGHRIDWUDQVPLVVLRQFDVH
)LJXUH±6LQJOHVSHHGVLQJOHJHDUSRZHUWDNHRII
7KHVOLGLQJJHDURIWKH372PHVKHVZLWKWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQFRXQWHUVKDIWJHDU6KLPVRU
VSDFHUVDUHRIWHQXVHGPDLQWDLQSURSHUFRQWDFWLVPDLQWDLQHGEHWZHHQWKHWHHWKRIWKH
WZRPHVKLQJXQLWV7KHRSHUDWRUPRYHVDVKLIWHUVKDIWOHYHUWRVOLGHWKHJHDULQDQGRXW
RIPHVKZLWKWKHFRXQWHUVKDIWJHDU$VSULQJORDGHGEDOOSRSSHWKROGVWKHVKLIWHUVKDIW
LQSRVLWLRQ
6RPHYHKLFOHVKDYH372VZLWKJHDUDUUDQJHPHQWVIRUWZRIRUZDUGVSHHGVDQGRQH
UHYHUVHVSHHG7KLVDUUDQJHPHQWLVXVHGWRRSHUDWHZLQFKHVDQGKRLVWV7KHRSHUDWLRQ
RIWKLVW\SHRI372LVVLPLODUWRWKDWRIWKHVLQJOHVSHHGXQLW
1$9('75$$
'DPDJHGRUEURNHQOLQNDJHFDQFDXVHIDXOW\RSHUDWLRQRID3727RSUHYHQWWKLV\RX
PXVWH[HUFLVHFDUHZKHQVKLIWLQJ<RXPXVWDOVREHDZDUHWKDWWU\LQJWRHQJDJHWKHXQLW
ZLWKWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQJHDUVWXUQLQJFDQGDPDJHWKHJHDUWHHWKDQGUDSLGFOXWFK
HQJDJHPHQWFDQEUHDNWKHKRXVLQJ
7KHOLQNDJHFDQEHEHQWRUGDPDJHGE\UDSLGVKLIWLQJDQGIRUFLQJWKHFRQWUROOHYHU
:$51,1*
'XULQJWKHRSHUDWLRQRID372\RXPXVWH[HUFLVHFDXWLRQ2SHUDWRUVFDQEHKDUPHGLI
WKHLUFORWKLQJEHFRPHVHQWDQJOHGLQWKHUHYROYLQJ372FRPSRQHQWV)ROORZWKH
LQVWUXFWLRQVSURYLGHGE\WKHRSHUDWRU¶VPDQXDO
7HVW\RXU.QRZOHGJH6HOHFWWKH&RUUHFW5HVSRQVH
7UXHRU)DOVH$PDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQVKRXOGLQFUHDVHWRUTXHJRLQJWRWKHIURQW
ZKHHOVIRUTXLFNDFFHOHUDWLRQ
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHGULYLQJPHPEHUVRIWKHFOXWFKDUHDWWDFKHGWRWKHHQJLQH
FUDQNVKDIWDQGWUDQVIHUHQJLQHSRZHUWRGULYHQPHPEHU
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
7KHIOXLGFRXSOLQJXVHVBBBBBBBWRWUDQVPLWURWDWLQJPHFKDQLFDOSRZHU
$ ZDWHU
% JDVROLQH
& GLHVHO
' RLO
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLV127DFRPSRQHQWRIWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHU"
$ *HQHUDWRU
% ,PSHOOHU
& 7XUELQH
' 6WDWRU
7UXHRU)DOVH%\KROGLQJDQGUHOHDVLQJWKHFRPSRQHQWVRIWKHSODQHWDU\JHDU
V\VWHPWKHK\GUDXOLFVHUYRVDQGVSULQJSUHVVXUHFDQLQFUHDVHRXWSXWVSHHG
ZKLOHUHGXFLQJWRUTXH
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHKLJKUDQJHRQWKHDX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQLVLGHDOIRUKDUG
SXOOV
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
1$9('75$$
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHWUDQVIHUFDVHFRQQHFWVWKHHQJLQHWRSRZHUGULYHQDX[LOLDU\
HTXLSPHQW
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHSRZHUWDNHRIIDXWRPDWLFDOO\VOLGHVWKHJHDULQDQGRXWRI
PHVKZLWKWKHFRXQWHUVKDIWJHDU
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
3523(//(56+$)7$66(0%/,(6
7KHSURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVHPEO\FRQVLVWVRIDSURSHOOHUVKDIWFRPPRQO\NQRZQDVDGULYH
VKDIWDVOLSMRLQWDQGRQHRUPRUHXQLYHUVDOMRLQWV,WSURYLGHVDIOH[LEOHFRQQHFWLRQ
WKURXJKZKLFKSRZHULVWUDQVPLWWHGIURPWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWRWKHUHDUD[OHDVVHPEOLHVRU
DX[LOLDU\HTXLSPHQW/RQJZKHHOEDVHYHKLFOHVDUHHTXLSSHGZLWKDSURSHOOHUVKDIWWKDW
H[WHQGVIURPWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWRDFHQWHUVXSSRUWEHDULQJ)URPWKDWFHQWHUVXSSRUW
EHDULQJDQRWKHUSURSHOOHUVKDIWH[WHQGVWRWKHUHDUD[OHDVVKRZQHDUOLHULQ)LJXUH
7KHSURSHOOHUVKDIWPD\EHVROLGRUWXEXODU$VROLGVKDIWLVVWURQJHUWKDQDKROORZRU
WXEXODUVKDIWRIWKHVDPHGLDPHWHUEXWDKROORZVKDIWLVVWURQJHUWKDQDVROLGVKDIWRI
WKHVDPHZHLJKW6ROLGVKDIWVDUHXVHGLQVLGHDVKDIWKRXVLQJWKDWHQFORVHVWKHHQWLUH
SURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVHPEO\7KHVHDUHFDOOHGWRUTXHWXEHGULYHV
$VOLSMRLQWLVDWRQHHQGRIWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIW,WSURYLGHVIOXFWXDWLRQNQRZQDVHQG
SOD\7KHUHDUD[OHDWWDFKHGWRWKHVSULQJVLVIUHHWRPRYHXSDQGGRZQZKLOHWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQLVDWWDFKHGWRWKHIUDPHDQGFDQQRWPRYH$Q\XSZDUGRUGRZQZDUG
PRYHPHQWRIWKHD[OHDVWKHVSULQJVIOH[VKRUWHQVRUOHQJWKHQVWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQ
WKHD[OHDVVHPEO\DQGWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ7KHVOLSMRLQWDOORZVWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWWR
IXQFWLRQGHVSLWHWKHFKDQJLQJGLVWDQFH
8QLYHUVDO-RLQWV
$XQLYHUVDOMRLQW)LJXUHDFWVDVD
IOH[LEOHFRXSOLQJEHWZHHQWZRVKDIWV,W
SHUPLWVRQHVKDIWWRGULYHWKHRWKHUHYHQ
WKRXJKWKH\DUHDWDQDQJOHIURPHDFK
RWKHU7KHXQLYHUVDOMRLQWLVIOH[LEOHLQWKH
VHQVHWKDWLWSHUPLWVSRZHUWREH
WUDQVPLWWHGZKLOHWKHDQJOHRIWKHVKDIW
FRQWLQXDOO\FKDQJHV
)LJXUH8QLYHUVDOMRLQW
1$9('75$$
$VLPSOHXQLYHUVDOMRLQWLVFRPSRVHGRIWKUHHIXQGDPHQWDOXQLWVDMRXUQDOFURVVDQG
WZR\RNHV7KHWZR\RNHVDUHVHWDWULJKWDQJOHVWRHDFKRWKHUDQGWKHLURSHQHQGVDUH
FRQQHFWHGE\WKHMRXUQDO7KLVFRQVWUXFWLRQSHUPLWVHDFK\RNHWRSLYRWRQWKHD[LVRIWKH
MRXUQDODQGDOVRSHUPLWVWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQRIURWDU\PRWLRQIURPRQH\RNHWRWKHRWKHU
$VDUHVXOWWKHXQLYHUVDOMRLQWFDQWUDQVPLWSRZHUIURPWKHHQJLQHWKURXJKWKHVKDIWWR
WKHUHDUD[OHHYHQWKRXJKWKHHQJLQHLVPRXQWHGLQWKHIUDPHDWDKLJKHUOHYHOWKDQWKH
UHDUD[OHZKLFKLVFRQVWDQWO\PRYLQJXSDQGGRZQLQUHODWLRQWRWKHHQJLQH)LJXUH
VKRZWKHRSHUDWLRQRIDXQLYHUVDOMRLQW
8QLYHUVDOMRLQWVQHHGOLWWOHLIDQ\PDLQWHQDQFHRWKHUWKDQOXEULFDWLRQ8QLYHUVDOMRLQWV
ZLWKJUHDVHILWWLQJVDQGVKRXOGEHOXEULFDWHGDFFRUGLQJWRWKHRSHUDWRU¶VPDQXDO
)LJXUH±8QLYHUVDOMRLQWLQRSHUDWLRQ
&HQWHU6XSSRUW%HDULQJV
:KHQWZRRUPRUHSURSHOOHUVKDIWVDUHFRQQHFWHGLQWDQGHPWKHLUDOLJQPHQWLV
PDLQWDLQHGE\DUXEEHUEXVKHGFHQWHUVXSSRUWEHDULQJ)LJXUH7KHFHQWHU
VXSSRUWEHDULQJLVDEDOORUUROOHUEHDULQJXQLWVHFXUHGWRDFURVVPHPEHURIWKHIUDPH,W
VXSSRUWVWKHFHQWHURIWKHSRZHUWUDLQZKHUHWKHWZRSURSHOOHUVKDIWVFRPHWRJHWKHUDV
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH
)LJXUH±&HQWHUVXSSRUWEHDULQJ
1$9('75$$
7KHVWDQGDUGEHDULQJLVSUHOXEULFDWHGDQGVHDOHGDQGUHTXLUHVQRIXUWKHUOXEULFDWLRQ
KRZHYHUVRPHVXSSRUWEHDULQJVRQKHDY\GXW\YHKLFOHVDQGHTXLSPHQWKDYH
OXEULFDWLRQILWWLQJV7KHILUVWLQGLFDWLRQRIVXSSRUWEHDULQJIDLOXUHLVH[FHVVLYHYHKLFOH
YLEUDWLRQDWORZVSHHGFDXVHGE\WKHEHDULQJWXUQLQJZLWKWKHVKDIWLQWKHUXEEHU
VXSSRUW
7HVW\RXU.QRZOHGJH6HOHFWWKH&RUUHFW5HVSRQVH
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLV127DFRPSRQHQWRIWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVHPEO\"
$ 6OLSMRLQW
% 8QLYHUVDOMRLQWV
& 'ULYHVKDIW
' )LQDOGULYH
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHXQLYHUVDOMRLQWLVDULGJLGFRXSOLQJEHWZHHQWZRVKDIWV
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
7KHDOLJQPHQWEHWZHHQWZRRUPRUHSURSHOOHUVKDIWVLVPDLQWDLQHGE\DBBBBBBB
$ XQLYHUVDOMRLQW
% VOLSMRLQW
& FHQWHUVXSSRUWEHDULQJ
' FRXSOLQJ
),1$/'5,9(6
$ILQDOGULYHWUDQVPLWVWKHSRZHUGHOLYHUHGIURPWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWWRWKHGULYLQJZKHHOV
RUWRWKH sprockets RQWUDFNHGHTXLSPHQW7KHILQDOGULYHLVXVXDOO\LGHQWLILHGDVDSDUW
RIWKHUHDUD[OHDVVHPEO\EHFDXVHLWLVORFDWHGLQWKHUHDUD[OHKRXVLQJ,WFRQVLVWVRI
WZRJHDUVWKHULQJJHDUDQGSLQLRQ7KH\DUHEHYHOHGJHDUVPRXQWHGRQVKDIWVWKDWDUH
GHJUHHVDSDUW7KH\PD\EHZRUPVSLUDOEHYHOVSXUEHYHORUK\SRLGDVVKRZQLQ
)LJXUH
)LJXUH±*HDUVXVHGLQILQDOGULYHV
1$9('75$$
7KHIXQFWLRQRIWKHILQDOGULYHLVWRFKDQJHE\GHJUHHVWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHSRZHU
WUDQVPLWWHGWKURXJKWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWWRWKHGULYLQJD[OHV,WDOVRSURYLGHVDIL[HG
UHGXFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVSHHGRIWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWDQGWKHD[OHVGULYLQJWKHZKHHOV,Q
SDVVHQJHUFDUVWKLVUHGXFWLRQYDULHVEHWZHHQWRDQGWR,QWUXFNVLWFDQYDU\
IURPWRWRDVPXFKDVWR
7KHJHDUUDWLRRIDILQDOGULYHZLWKEHYHOJHDUVLVIRXQGE\GLYLGLQJWKHQXPEHURIWHHWK
RQWKHGULYHQRUULQJJHDUE\WKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRQWKHSLQLRQ,QDZRUPJHDUILQDO
GULYHWKHJHDUUDWLRLVIRXQGE\FRXQWLQJWKHQXPEHURIUHYROXWLRQVRIWKHZRUPJHDUIRU
RQHUHYROXWLRQRIWKHGULYHQJHDU
0RVWILQDOGULYHVDUHJHDUW\SH+\SRLGGLIIHUHQWLDOJHDUVSHUPLWDORZHUERG\GHVLJQ
7KH\SHUPLWWKHEHYHOGULYHQSLQLRQWREHSODFHGEHORZWKHFHQWHURIWKHULQJJHDU
WKHUHE\ORZHULQJWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH:RUPJHDUVDOORZD
ODUJHUVSHHGUHGXFWLRQDQGDUHVRPHWLPHVXVHGRQODUJHWUXFNV6SLUDOEHYHOJHDUVDUH
VLPLODUWRK\SRLGJHDUVDQGDUHXVHGLQERWKSDVVHQJHUFDUVDQGWUXFNVWRUHSODFHVSXU
JHDUVWKDWDUHWRRQRLV\
'LIIHUHQWLDOV
$QRWKHULPSRUWDQWXQLWLQWKH
SRZHUWUDLQLVWKHGLIIHUHQWLDO
)LJXUH,WLVGULYHQE\WKH
ILQDOGULYH7KHGLIIHUHQWLDOLV
ORFDWHGEHWZHHQWKHD[OHV,WV
KRXVLQJUHVHPEOHVDSXPSNLQ
7KHGLIIHUHQWLDOLVDQDVVHPEO\
RIJHDUVWKDWSHUPLWVRQHD[OH
VKDIWWRWXUQDWDGLIIHUHQWVSHHG
WKDQDQRWKHUZKLOHDWWKHVDPH
WLPHWUDQVPLWWLQJHQJLQHSRZHU
IURPWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQRU
WUDQVIHUFDVHWRERWKD[OH
VKDIWV7KHYDULDWLRQLQD[OH
VKDIWVSHHGVLVQHFHVVDU\ZKHQ
WKHYHKLFOHWXUQVDFRUQHURU
WUDYHOVRYHUXQHYHQJURXQG
)LJXUH±'LIIHUHQWLDO
$VDYHKLFOHWXUQVDFRUQHUWKHRXWHUZKHHOPXVWWUDYHOIDVWHUDQGIDUWKHUWKDQWKHLQQHU
ZKHHO:LWKRXWWKHGLIIHUHQWLDORQHUHDUZKHHOZRXOGEHIRUFHGWRVNLGZKHQWKHYHKLFOH
WXUQV7KLVVNLGGLQJZRXOGFDXVHH[FHVVLYHWLUHDVZHOODVPDNLQJWKHYHKLFOHPRUH
GLIILFXOWWRFRQWURO
6RPHWUXFNVDUHHTXLSSHGZLWKDGLIIHUHQWLDOORFNWRSUHYHQWRQHZKHHOIURPVSLQQLQJ
7KLVORFNLVDVLPSOHdog clutchFRQWUROOHGPDQXDOO\RUDXWRPDWLFDOO\WKDWORFNVRQH
D[OHVKDIWWRWKHGLIIHUHQWLDOFDVHDQGEHYHOGULYHJHDU7KLVGHYLFHIRUPVDULJLG
FRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRD[OHVKDIWVDQGPDNHVERWKZKHHOVURWDWHDWWKHVDPH
VSHHG'ULYHUVVHOGRPXVHLWKRZHYHUEHFDXVHWKH\RIWHQIRUJHWWRGLVHQJDJHWKHORFN
DIWHUXVLQJLW
1$9('75$$
'ULYLQJ$[OHV
$[OHVDUHFODVVLILHGDVHLWKHUOLYHRUGHDG/LYHD[OHVWUDQVPLWSRZHU'HDGD[OHVRQO\
VXSSRUWSDUWRIWKHYHKLFOHZHLJKWDQGSURYLGHDPRXQWLQJIRUWKHZKHHODVVHPEO\
2QUHDUZKHHOGULYHYHKLFOHVWKHIURQWD[OHLVDGHDGD[OHDQGWKHUHDUD[OHLVDOLYH
D[OH2QIRXUZKHHOGULYHYHKLFOHVERWKWKHIURQWDQGUHDUD[OHVDUHOLYHD[OHV2QVL[
ZKHHOGULYHYHKLFOHVDOOWKUHHD[OHVDUHOLYHD[OHVWKHWKLUGD[OHLVSDUWRIDbogie drive
MRLQHGWRWKHUHDUPRVWD[OHE\DWUXQQLRQD[OHDVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH7KHWUXQQLRQ
D[OHLVDWWDFKHGULJLGO\WRWKHIUDPH,WVSXUSRVHLVWRGLVWULEXWHWKHORDGEHWZHHQWKHWZR
OLYHD[OHVWKDWLWFRQQHFWV
)LJXUH±%RJLHGULYH
6HPLIORDWLQJDQGIXOOIORDWLQJDUHWZRFRPPRQW\SHVRIOLYHD[OHV6HPLIORDWLQJD[OHV
DUHXVHGRQSDVVHQJHUYHKLFOHVDQGOLJKWWUXFNVWKHVKDIWDQGD[OHKRXVLQJVXSSRUWV
WKHZHLJKWRIWKHYHKLFOH
)XOOIORDWLQJD[OHVDUHXVHGRQPDQ\KHDY\±GXW\WUXFNV7KHD[OHKRXVLQJVXSSRUWVWKH
IXOOZHLJKWRIWKHYHKLFOHDQGDEVRUEVDOOVWUHVVHVRUHQGWKUXVWFDXVHGE\WXUQLQJ
VNLGGLQJDQGSXOOLQJ$OOZKHHOGULYHYHKLFOHVKDYHDIXOOIORDWLQJD[OHWKDWSURYLGHV
SRZHUWRWKHIURQWZKHHOV
'ULYLQJ:KHHOV
:KHHOVDWWDFKHGWROLYHD[OHVDUHFDOOHGGULYLQJZKHHOVEHFDXVHWKH\GULYHWKHYHKLFOH
:KHHOVDWWDFKHGWRWKHRXWVLGHRIWKHGULYLQJZKHHOVDUHFDOOHGGXDOZKHHOV'XDO
ZKHHOVSURYLGHPRUHWUDFWLRQDQGGLVWULEXWHYHKLFOHZHLJKWHYHQO\
7KHQXPEHURIZKHHOVLVVRPHWLPHVXVHGWRLGHQWLI\WKHYHKLFOH)RUH[DPSOHD
SDVVHQJHUFDUZLWKIRXUZKHHOVWZRRIZKLFKDUHGULYLQJZKHHOVLVLGHQWLILHGDVDE\
$WUXFNZLWKIRXUZKHHOVDOORIZKLFKDUHGULYLQJZKHHOVLVLGHQWLILHGDVDE\2Q
WKLVYHKLFOHSRZHULVGHOLYHUHGWRWKHWUDQVIHUFDVHZKHUHLWLVGLYLGHGEHWZHHQWKHIURQW
DQGUHDUD[OHVDOORZLQJDOOIRXUZKHHOVWRGULYH)LJXUH
1$9('75$$
)LJXUH±)RXUZKHHOGULYHWUDQVPLVVLRQ
$WUXFNZLWKVL[ZKHHOVWZRRIZKLFKDUHGXDOZKHHOVDWWKHUHDULVLGHQWLILHGDVDE\
:KHQDOLYHD[OHLVLQIURQWOLNHRQWKH0HGLXP7DFWLFDO5HSODFHPHQW9HKLFOHV
0795VWKHWUXFNEHFRPHVDE\)LJXUHLQZKLFKDOOVL[ZKHHOVGULYHWKH
YHKLFOH
)LJXUH±6L[ZKHHOGULYHWUDQVPLVVLRQ
1$9('75$$
7HVW\RXU.QRZOHGJH6HOHFWWKH&RUUHFW5HVSRQVH
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHILQDOGULYHFKDQJHVWKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHSRZHUWUDQVPLWWHG
WKURXJKWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWWRWKHGULYLQJD[OHV
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJSHUPLWVDYDULDWLRQLQD[OHVKDIWVSHHGV"
$ 7UDQVPLVVLRQ
% 'LIIHUHQWLDO
& 7UDQVIHUFDVH
' 'RJFOXWFK
7UXHRU)DOVH/LYHD[OHVWUDQVPLWSRZHU
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
7UXHRU)DOVH2QDE\WUXFNWKHIURQWD[OHLVDOLYHD[OH
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
6XPPDU\
7KLVFKDSWHUSURYLGHGWKHNQRZOHGJH\RXPXVWKDYHWRRSHUDWHYHKLFOHVDQG
FRQVWUXFWLRQHTXLSPHQWHTXLSSHGZLWKVRSKLVWLFDWHGSRZHUWUDLQV
,QWKLVFKDSWHU\RXZHUHLQWURGXFHGWRWKHSULQFLSOHVDQGRSHUDWLRQVRIVKLIWLQJJHDUV
XVLQJDFOXWFKRQDPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQDVZHOODVWKHSULQFLSOHVDQGRSHUDWLRQVRIDQ
DXWRPDWLFWUDQVPLVVLRQ<RXOHDUQHGKRZWKHDGGLWLRQDOJHDUVSURYLGHGE\WKHDX[LOLDU\
WUDQVPLVVLRQDUHXVHGWRRSHUDWHZLQFKHVDQGKRLVWV
<RXOHDUQHGKRZWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVHPEO\DQGLWVFRPSRQHQWVLQFOXGLQJDSURSHOOHU
VKDIWDQGXQLYHUVDOMRLQWVWUDQVPLWSRZHUIURPWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWRWKHUHDUD[OH
DVVHPEOLHVDQGDX[LOLDU\HTXLSPHQW
$GGLWLRQDOO\\RXOHDUQHGKRZWKHILQDOGULYHSOD\VDSDUWLQGHOLYHULQJSRZHUIURPWKH
SURSHOOHUVKDIWWRWKHGULYLQJZKHHOVRURQWUDFNHGHTXLSPHQWWRWKHVSURFNHWV
1$9('75$$
5HYLHZ4XHVWLRQV6HOHFWWKH&RUUHFW5HVSRQVH
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHWUDQVPLVVLRQDOORZVWKHRSHUDWRUWRFRQWUROWKHHQJLQHSRZHU
DQGVSHHGRIWKHYHKLFOH
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
:KDWLVWKHGHILQLWLRQRIJHDUUDWLR"
$ 7KHQXPEHURIWLPHVDGULYLQJJHDUPXVWWXUQWRURWDWHWKHGULYHQJHDU
% 7KHQXPEHURIWLPHVDGULYHQJHDUPXVWWXUQWRURWDWHWKHGULYLQJJHDU
& 7KHQXPEHURIWHHWKWKHGULYHQJHDUKDV
' 7KHQXPEHURIWHHWKWKHGULYLQJJHDUKDV
:KDWFRPSRQHQWRIWKHFOXWFKLVEROWHGWRWKHHQJLQHIO\ZKHHO"
$ &OXWFKGLVF
% 3UHVVXUHSODWH
& )ULFWLRQIDFLQJ
' &OXWFKUHOHDVHVKRH
:KDWGHYLFHLVDGGHGWRWKHPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQWRHTXDOL]HWKHVSHHGRIWKH
VKDIWDQGJHDUEHIRUHWKH\DUHORFNHGWRJHWKHU"
$ $FRXQWHUVKDIW
% $V\QFKURQL]HU
& $QHTXDOL]HU
' $SODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHP
:KLOHRSHUDWLQJDPDQXDOWUDQVPLVVLRQZKDWDFWLRQVKRXOGDQRSHUDWRUWDNH
ZKHQZDLWLQJDWDORQJWUDIILFOLJKW"
$ 'HSUHVVWKHFOXWFKSHGDOXQWLOWKHOLJKWWXUQVJUHHQ
% 'HSUHVVWKHFOXWFKSHGDOVKLIWWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWRQHXWUDODQGFRQWLQXH
ZLWKWKHFOXWFKGHSUHVVHGXQWLOWKHOLJKWWXUQVJUHHQ
& 'HSUHVVWKHFOXWFKSHGDOVKLIWWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWRQHXWUDODQGUHOHDVHWKH
FOXWFKSHGDODIWHUVKLIWLQJLQWRQHXWUDO
' 'HSUHVVWKHFOXWFKSHGDOVKLIWWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQWRILUVWJHDUDQGFRQWLQXH
ZLWKWKHFOXWFKGHSUHVVHGXQWLOWKHOLJKWWXUQVJUHHQ
'XULQJGRXEOHFOXWFKVKLIWLQJZKDWWHFKQLTXHLVSHUIRUPHGZKHQVKLIWLQJWRD
ORZHUJHDUEXW127SHUIRUPHGZKHQVKLIWLQJWRDKLJKHUJHDU"
$ 7KHHQJLQHLVDFFHOHUDWHGZKHQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQLVLQQHXWUDO
% 7KHFOXWFKSHGDOLVIXOO\GHSUHVVHGWZLFH
& 7KHDFFHOHUDWRUSHGDOLVUHOHDVHGEHIRUHGHSUHVVLQJWKHFOXWFK
' :KHQWKHFOXWFKLVIXOO\GHSUHVVHGWKHJHDUVKLIWOHYHULVSODFHGLQWKH
QHXWUDOSRVLWLRQ
1$9('75$$
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJIDFWRUVGRHV127DIIHFWWKHVKLIWLQJRIDQDXWRPDWLF
WUDQVPLVVLRQ"
$ 7KHWKURWWOHSRVLWLRQ
% 7KHYHKLFOHVSHHG
& 7KHHQJLQHWHPSHUDWXUH
' 7KHSRVLWLRQRIWKHVHOHFWRUOHYHU
:KLFKFRPSRQHQWRIWKHWRUTXHFRQYHUWHUDEVRUEVWKHIRUFHUHTXLUHGWRUHYHUVH
WKHGLUHFWLRQRIWKHFORFNZLVHVSLQQLQJRLO"
$ 2XWHUKRXVLQJ
% ,PSHOOHU
& 7XUELQH
' 6WDWRU
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHVWDWRULVDOORZHGWRURWDWHFRXQWHUFORFNZLVH
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
%HVLGHVWKHVXQJHDUDQGULQJJHDUWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPLQFOXGHVZKDW
RWKHUFRPSRQHQW"
$ 3ODQHWSLQLRQVZLWKFDUULHU
% 7KURZRXWEHDULQJV
& 6WDUZLWKFDUULHUJHDUV
' 0RRQSLQLRQV
:KDWFRPSRQHQWRIWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHPKDVLQWHUQDOWHHWK"
$ 3ODQHWSLQLRQ
% 5LQJJHDU
& 6XQJHDU
' 7KURZRXWEHDULQJ
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJLV127DQDGYDQWDJHRIWKHSODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHP"
$ 0RUHWHHWKWRPDNHFRQWDFWWRFDUU\WKHORDG
% *HDUVDUHDOZD\VLQPHVK
& (DVHRIVKLIWLQJ
' ,WVVLPSOLFLW\
7UXHRU)DOVH9HKLFOHVZLWKDSDUN3WUDQVPLVVLRQSRVLWLRQVKRXOGEHVWDUWHG
LQWKLVSRVLWLRQ
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
1$9('75$$
:KHQQHJRWLDWLQJVWHHSJUDGHVDQGURXJKWHUUDLQZKDWSRVLWLRQVKRXOGWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQVHOHFWRUEHSODFHGLQ"
$ /RZ/SRVLWLRQ
% 'ULYH'SRVLWLRQ
& 1HXWUDO1SRVLWLRQ
' 5HVHUYH5SRVLWLRQ
:KHQSODFLQJWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQVHOHFWRULQWKHGULYH'SRVLWLRQDQRSHUDWRU
VKRXOGWDNHZKDWDFWLRQWRDYRLGWKHSUHPDWXUHIRUZDUGPRYHPHQWRIDYHKLFOH"
$ 3ODFHZKHHOFKRFNVLQIURQWRIWKHUHDUZKHHOV
% (QJDJHWKHSDUNLQJEUDNH
& 0DLQWDLQSUHVVXUHRQWKHIRRWEUHDNSHGDO
' 6ORZO\HQJDJHWKHVHOHFWRU
:KDWLVWKHIXQFWLRQRIDQDX[LOLDU\WUDQVPLVVLRQ"
$ 5HSODFHWKHPDLQWUDQVPLVVLRQ
% 5HSODFHWKHPDLQWUDQVPLVVLRQGXULQJIRUGLQJRSHUDWLRQV
& 3URYLGHDGGLWLRQDOJHDUUDWLRV
' 3URYLGHIURQWD[OHSRZHU
:KDWFRQGLWLRQFDXVHVWKHVSUDJWRDXWRPDWLFDOO\HQJDJH"
$ 7KHUHDUZKHHOVVOLSSLQJDQGWXUQLQJIDVWHUWKDQWKHIURQWZKHHOV
% 7KHRSHUDWRUVKLIWLQJWRORZJHDU
& 7KHIURQWZKHHOVVOLSSLQJDQGWXUQLQJIDVWHUWKDQWKHUHDUZKHHOV
' +LJKVSHHGRSHUDWLRQ
:KDWFRPSRQHQWRIWKHSRZHUWUDLQLVXVHGWRGULYHDX[LOLDU\HTXLSPHQW"
$ )LQDOGULYH
% 7UDQVIHUFDVH
& 3ODQHWDU\JHDUV\VWHP
' 3RZHUWDNHRII
:KDWDVVHPEO\SURYLGHVDSDWKWKURXJKZKLFKSRZHULVWUDQVPLWWHGIURPWKH
WUDQVPLVVLRQWRWKHGULYHD[OH"
$ )LQDOGULYH
% 3URSHOOHUVKDIW
& 'LIIHUHQWLDO
' 'RJFOXWFKDVVHPEO\
:KDWFRPSRQHQWVLWVEHWZHHQDQGVXSSRUWVWZRSURSHOOHUVKDIWVRQYHKLFOHVZLWK
DORQJZKHHOEDVH"
$ &HQWHUVXSSRUWEHDULQJ
% $X[LOLDU\VXSSRUWWUDQVPLVVLRQ
& 3URSHOOHUVXSSRUWFDVLQJ
' 8QLYHUVDOVXSSRUWMRLQW
1$9('75$$
:KDWFRPSRQHQWRIWKHSURSHOOHUVKDIWDVVHPEO\SURYLGHVHQGSOD\"
$ /HDIVSULQJV
% 8QLYHUVDOMRLQWV
& 6SUDJXQLW
' 6OLSMRLQW
7UXHRU)DOVH7KHXQLYHUVDOMRLQWKDVWKUHH\RNHVWKDWDUHVHWDWULJKWDQJOHVWR
HDFKRWKHU
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
:KDWWHFKQLTXHVKRXOG\RXXVHWRGHWHUPLQHWKHJHDUUDWLRRQDZRUPJHDUILQDO
GULYH"
$ 'LYLGHWKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRQWKHZRUPJHDUE\WKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRQ
WKHSLQLRQ
% 0XOWLSO\WKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRQWKHZRUPJHDUE\WKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRQ
WKHSLQLRQ
& &RXQWWKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRQWKHZRUPJHDUIRUWKHQXPEHURIWHHWKRIWKH
GULYHQJHDU
' &RXQWWKHUHYROXWLRQVRIWKHZRUPJHDUIRURQHUHYROXWLRQRIWKHGULYHQ
JHDU
2QWKHILQDOGULYHZKLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJW\SHRIJHDUSHUPLWVDODUJHUVSHHG
UHGXFWLRQ"
$ +\SRLG
% :RUP
& 6SXUEHYHO
' 6SLUDOEHYHO
7UXHRU)DOVH:LWKRXWDGLIIHUHQWLDORQHUHDUZKHHOZRXOGEHIRUFHGWRVNLG
ZKHQWKHYHKLFOHWXUQV
$ 7UXH
% )DOVH
2QDWUXFND[OHDVVHPEO\ZKDWFRPSRQHQWSUHYHQWVRQHZKHHOIURPVSLQQLQJ"
$ 3URSHOOHUVKDIW
% &RXQWHUVKDIWORFN
& $QWLVNLGORFN
' 'LIIHUHQWLDOORFN
1$9('75$$
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFRPSRQHQWVXSSRUWVSDUWRIWKHYHKLFOHZHLJKWDQG
SURYLGHVDPRXQWLQJIRUWKHZKHHODVVHPEO\"
$ 'HDGD[OH
% /LYHD[OH
& 7UXQQLRQD[OH
' )LQDOGULYH
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJFRPSRQHQWVGLVWULEXWHWKHORDGEHWZHHQWKHWZROLYHD[OHV
WKDWLWFRQQHFWV"
$ 'HDGD[OH
% /LYHD[OH
& 7UXQQLRQD[OH
' )LQDOGULYH
:KLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJW\SHRIOLYHD[OHLVXVHGRQSDVVHQJHUYHKLFOHVDQGOLJKW
WUXFNV"
$ 6HPLIORDWLQJ
% 2QHKDOIIORDWLQJ
& 7KUHHTXDUWHUVIORDWLQJ
' )XOOIORDWLQJ
2QD[GULYHYHKLFOHZKDWFRPSRQHQWGLYLGHVSRZHUEHWZHHQWKHIURQWDQG
UHDUD[OH"
$ 7KHSRZHUWDNHRII
% 7KHGLIIHUHQWLDOFDVH
& 7KHFHQWHUVXSSRUWKRXVLQJ
' 7KHWUDQVIHUFDVH
1$9('75$$
7UDGH7HUPV,QWURGXFHGLQWKLV&KDSWHU
%RJLHGULYH 7ZRRUPRUHD[OHVPRXQWHGWRDIUDPHVRDVWR
GLVWULEXWHWKHORDGEHWZHHQWKHD[OHVDQGSHUPLWYHUWLFDO
RVFLOODWLRQRIWKHD[OHV
&HQWULIXJDOIRUFH 7KHRXWZDUGIRUFHH[HUWHGE\DERG\PRYLQJLQDFXUYHG
OLQH
&OXWFKFKDWWHU $FRQGLWLRQLQZKLFKWKHFOXWFKVHYHUHO\YLEUDWHVDVWKH
YHKLFOHDFFHOHUDWHV
'RJFOXWFK $GHYLFHWKDWIRUPVDULJLGFRQQHFWLRQEHWZHHQWZRD[OH
VKDIWVDQGPDNHVERWKZKHHOVURWDWHDWWKHVDPH
VSHHG
+RLVW $PDFKLQHXVHGIRUOLIWLQJORDGV
0XVK\VKLIW $FRQGLWLRQZKHQWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQFKDQJHVWRRVORZO\
2YHUUXQQLQJFOXWFK 'HYLFHWKDWORFNVDSLQLRQJHDULQRQHGLUHFWLRQDQG
UHOHDVHVLWLQWKHRWKHU
6SOLQHG 0HVKHGE\VHULHVRIULGJHV
6SURFNHWV *HDUVWKDWPHVKHVZLWKDFKDLQRUDFUDZOHUWUDFN
6WLIIFOXWFKSHGDO $FRQGLWLRQFDXVHGE\ELQGLQJRURWKHUUHVWULFWLRQLQWKH
FOXWFKPHFKDQLVPPDNLQJWKHSHGDOKDUGWRGHSUHVV
7RUTXH 7KHWZLVWLQJIRUFHH[HUWHGE\RURQDVKDIWZLWKRXW
UHIHUHQFHWRWKHVSHHGRIWKHVKDIW
:LQFK $GUXPWKDWFDQEHURWDWHGVRDVWRH[HUWDVWURQJSXOO
ZKLOHZLQGLQJLQDOLQH
1$9('75$$
$GGLWLRQDO5HVRXUFHVDQG5HIHUHQFHV
7KLVFKDSWHULVLQWHQGHGWRSUHVHQWWKRURXJKUHVRXUFHVIRUWDVNWUDLQLQJ7KHIROORZLQJ
UHIHUHQFHZRUNVDUHVXJJHVWHGIRUIXUWKHUVWXG\7KLVLVRSWLRQDOPDWHULDOIRUFRQWLQXHG
HGXFDWLRQUDWKHUWKDQIRUWDVNWUDLQLQJ
&RQVWUXFWLRQ0HFKDQLF%DVLF9ROXPH1$9('75$1$9('75$1DYDO
(GXFDWLRQDQG7UDLQLQJ3URIHVVLRQDO'HYHORSPHQWDQG7HFKQRORJ\&HQWHU3HQVDFROD
)/
(TXLSPHQW2SHUDWRU%DVLF1$9('75$1DYDO(GXFDWLRQDQG7UDLQLQJ
3URIHVVLRQDO'HYHORSPHQWDQG7HFKQRORJ\&HQWHU3HQVDFROD)/
)XQGDPHQWDOVRI6HUYLFH3RZHU7UDLQV'HHUH &RPSDQ\0ROLQH,/
3ULQFLSOHVRI$XWRPRWLYH9HKLFOHV70+HDGTXDUWHUV'HSDUWPHQWRIWKH$UP\
:DVKLQJWRQ'&
1$9('75$$
&6)(1RQUHVLGHQW7UDLQLQJ&RXUVH±8VHU8SGDWH
&6)(PDNHVHYHU\HIIRUWWRNHHSWKHLUPDQXDOVXSWRGDWHDQGIUHHRIWHFKQLFDOHUURUV
:HDSSUHFLDWH\RXUKHOSLQWKLVSURFHVV,I\RXKDYHDQLGHDIRULPSURYLQJWKLVPDQXDO
RULI\RXILQGDQHUURUDW\SRJUDSKLFDOPLVWDNHRUDQLQDFFXUDF\LQ&6)(PDQXDOV
SOHDVHZULWHRUHPDLOXVXVLQJWKLVIRUPRUDSKRWRFRS\%HVXUHWRLQFOXGHWKHH[DFW
FKDSWHUQXPEHUWRSLFGHWDLOHGGHVFULSWLRQDQGFRUUHFWLRQLIDSSOLFDEOH<RXULQSXWZLOO
EHEURXJKWWRWKHDWWHQWLRQRIWKH7HFKQLFDO5HYLHZ&RPPLWWHH7KDQN\RXIRU\RXU
DVVLVWDQFH
:ULWH &6)(1$
*RRGVSHHG6W
3RUW+XHQHPH&$
)$;
(PDLO &6)(B157&#QDY\PLO
5DWHBBBB&RXUVH1DPHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5HYLVLRQ'DWHBBBBBBBBBB&KDSWHU1XPEHUBBBB3DJH1XPEHUVBBBBBBBBBBBB
'HVFULSWLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
2SWLRQDO&RUUHFWLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
2SWLRQDO<RXU1DPHDQG$GGUHVV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
1$9('75$$