Ekspetasi = Mean

𝑑
M’x(t) = 𝑑𝑡 𝑀x(t)
𝑝𝑒𝑡 𝑟
𝑑( )
1−𝑞𝑒𝑡
= 𝑑𝑡

Misal : u = pet u’ = pet

v = 1 - qet v’ = - qet
𝑟−1
𝑢′ . 𝑣 – 𝑢 . 𝑣 ′ 𝑝𝑒 𝑡
=( ) (𝑟 (1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡) )
𝑣′

𝑟−1
(𝑝𝑒 𝑡 ) . (1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡 ) –(𝑝𝑒 𝑡 ) . (−𝑞𝑒 𝑡 𝑝𝑒 𝑡
=( ) (𝑟 (1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡 ) )
(1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡 )2

𝑟−1
𝑝𝑒 𝑡 − 𝑝𝑞 (𝑒 𝑡 ) + 𝑝𝑞 (𝑒 𝑡 ) 𝑝𝑒 𝑡
=( ) (𝑟 (1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡) )
(1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡 )2

𝑟−1
𝑝𝑒 𝑡 𝑝𝑒 𝑡
= ((1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡)2 ) (𝑟 (1−𝑞𝑒 𝑡) )

Jika t=0
𝑟−1
𝑝𝑒 0 𝑝𝑒 0
M’x(t=0) = ((1−𝑞𝑒 0 )2 ) (𝑟 (1−𝑞𝑒 0 ) )

𝑝 𝑝 𝑟−1
= (𝑝2 ) (𝑟 (𝑝) )
𝑟
=𝑝