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By Kenneth Walve,
formerly Vattenfall and Svenska Kraftnät
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Some events – SSR
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K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
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K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
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K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Mechanical shaft torque
• Shaft Torque after a shortcircuit
Amplification
– Transient shaft stresses
Torque
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Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
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”An analysis of subsynchronous resonance
problems requires a clear understanding of the
physical relationships that produce the
phenomenon.”
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Research and
Development Report,
Vattenfall, 1981
J-E Bengtsson, K Walve
Approved by T Johansson
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Subsynchronous resonance – SSR
Physical background
• mechanical system
• electrical system
• interaction via the generator
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Torsional oscillation in
a turbogenerator unit
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Turbo-
generator
unit
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Torsional 5.6 Hz
oscillations
HP LP 1 LP 2 LP 3 GEN EXC
• natural
frequencies 12.8 Hz
23.3 Hz
30.0 Hz
31.7 Hz
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Torsional oscillations
Torsional mechanical damping probably comes
mainly from the steam but also from couplings
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Torsional oscillations Seen from the generator,
the behaviour of the
shaft at a natural mode
frequency can be
symbolised by a single
mass and spring
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J: Moment of inertia, kgm2
Torsional oscillations K: Spring constant, Nm/rad
D: Damping, Nm/(rad/s)
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Electrical resonances
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The Electrical System
Inductive or capacitive
network elements are in
series or in parallel
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The total electrical system
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The generator is a part
of both the mechanical
and electrical system
K Walve 2016
ω + ∆ω
A = Amplitude of
ω
θ the superimposed
oscillation
A (normally less
ωt
A than one degree)
K Walve 2016
The oscillation generator
∆ω
A
∆θ
A
ωt
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The oscillation generator
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The oscillation generator
The magnetic fluxes generate electromagnetic forces
• synchronous speed (50 Hz)
• subsynchronous speed (50 – fm Hz)
• supersynchronous speed (50 + fm Hz)
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Summing up so far …
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Subsynchronous damping
The electrical damping contribution is created from interaction
between the magnetic flux rotating at frequency fm-50 Hz and
the subsynchronous currents
The currents depend on the impedances as seen from generator
50−𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅
𝐷𝐷𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = − ∗ ( < 0)
2∗𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅 2 +𝑋𝑋 2
K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous and supersynchronous
damping
Subsynchronous
50−𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅
𝐷𝐷𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = − ∗ ( < 0)
2∗𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅 2 +𝑋𝑋 2
Supersynchronous
50+𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅
𝐷𝐷𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = + ∗ ( > 0)
2∗𝑓𝑓𝑚𝑚 𝑅𝑅 2 +𝑋𝑋 2
K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous damping
R0 is calculated for X = 0
RR0/2
m/2
Forbidden area
Förbjudet område
Area of interest
R=0
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Subsynchronous damping
2,0
D= -1.5
D= -1.0
1,5
X, reactance
1,0
D= -0.5
0,5
D= -0.2
D= -0.1 R, resistance
0,0
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5
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Subsynchronous damping calculation
Frequency scanning
Impedances in
the network
(including the
analysed
generator)
Calculations are
made for a
frequency range
K Walve 2016
Sub- and supersynchronous damping
Frequency scanning
K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous damping
Series compensation scanning
Subsynchronous
damping at various
degree of series
compensation on
one line
K Walve 2016
Subsynchronous damping
Series compensation scanning
Calculation for
various degrees of
compensation on
two lines at a
selected frequency
K Walve 2016
References
A Method of Analysis of Sybsynchronous Resonance, Research and Development
Report, Vattenfall, 1981, SDS reg.no. 231 , J-E Bengtsson, K Walve
Approved by T Johansson
Please see also references in the report.
Subsynchronous resonance
Article By: Farmer, Richard G. Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State
University, Tempe, Arizona.
Agrawal, Bajarang Arizona Public Service Company, Phoenix, Arizona.
Publication year:2014
www.accessscience.com
K Walve 2016
kenneth.walve@swipnet.se
Questions?
K Walve 2016