AOrq dI AjwdI dw svwl

AzwdI izMdgI dw ie`k buinAwdI h`k hY[ mnu`KI ieiqhws ausdI AzwdI
hwisl krn leI qqprqw dy sMGrS dI khwxI hY[ ivkws dy v`K-v`K pVwvW qy ies
dy ArQ vI bdldy rhy hn[ A`j dy Xu`g iv~c AOrq dI AzwdI dw svwl ie`k gMBIr
mslw hY[ smyN dy v`K-v`K dOrW iv`c ieh svwl keI rUpW iv`c pRgt huMdw
irhw hY[ Asl iv`c AOrq dI AzwdI dw svwl mnu`Kqw dI AjwdI dw svwl hY[
ieh nroey, qMdrusq Aqy AgWhvDU smwjI vrqwry dw svwl hY[ iehdy
h`l leI zrUrI hY iesdw ivigAwnk ivSlySx jo ik ieiqhwsk pRKyp iv`c ies vrqwry
dI fMUGI GoK pVqwl qoN bwAd hI ho skdw hY[ t`br jo ik smwijk sMgTn dy
qOr qy pihlI iekweI hY iesdy inrmwx bwry boKoPyn dw ivSlySx BwvyN kw&I
nwzuk mu`idAW nUM CMUhdw hY pr iPr vI ieh koeI Tos sbUq jW h`l pyS
nhIN krdw[ myknynn vI ies qoN QoVw A`gy jw ky ru`k jWdw hY[ pr ieh qW
l. g. mwrgn ricq {(purwqn smwj) 1877} dw Xogdwn hY jo iesdI AgwaUN
ivAwiKAw leI rwh p`Drw krdw hY[ so sB qoN pihlW qW AsIN mwqrI h`kW
qoN ip`qrI h`kW v`l qbdIlI dy kwrnW nUM l`Bdy hW[
“P: eyglj Anuswr mnu`K dw ieiqhws ie`k vyly kudrqI Aqy smwijk
dovyN hY[ jo siQqIAW Aqy sbMD ies nUM jnm idMdy hn, auhnW dy mUl
iv`c dohrwpn hY ijvyN ikrq rwhIN pdwrQk vsqW dw auqpwdn Aqy pRjxn
rwhIN mnu`KI jIvn dw auqpwdn[” mrd Aqy AOrq dovyN hI v`K-v`K Aqy
inrwly mwnvI jIv hn pr ie`k dUjy dy pUrk vI hn[ mnu`KI ieiqhws dy SurU
qoN hI mrd Aqy AOrq ivcwly ikrq vMf kudrqI rUp iv`c mOzUd sI ijvyN b`cy
nUM jnm dyxw, pwlx poSx krnw Awid kudrqI qOr qy AOrq dy izMmy sn,
jdoN ik mrd ies p`KoN Azwd sI[ ies kwrn hI AOrq dy suBwA iv`c Bwvnwqmk
fUMGweI Aqy ipAwrn dy gux SurU qoN hI mOzUd sn Aqy bwAd iv`c
s`iBAqw dy ivkws dOrwn ausdw ieh suBwA v`K-v`K BydW ijvyN ipqw, Brw,
pRymI, pqI Awid irSiqAW q`k vI PYl igAw[ izkrXog hY ik ies kudrqI ikrq vMf
ny AOrq mrd ivckwr koeI soiSq irSqw nhIN sI aupijAw[ mnu`KI s`iBAqw dy
ivkws dOrwn A`goN smwijk ikrq vMf hoxI SurU ho geI[ smwijk pYdwvwr
kwrn hoeI ies ikrq vMf ny mrd Aqy AOrq nUM v`K-v`K izMmyvwrIAW iv`c
pw id`qw[ hux hr koeI Awpxy kMm iv`c muhwrq hwisl krn iv`c l`gw hoieAw
sI[ smu`cy rUp iv`c ieh ikrq vMf mwnvI s`iBAqw dy ivkws nUM pRgt krdI sI
ikauNik ieh ikrq vMf kudrqI ikrq vMf dy Anuswr hI hoeI sI[ AOrq dy juMmy,
b`icAW nUM jnm dyxw, pwlxw- poSxw, pYdwvwr dI vMf krnI Aqy hor sOKy
kMm jo auh iesdy nwl-nwl kr skdI sI Awid kMm Awey[ ies qrHW ausdy
GrylU pRbMDk hox dw mu`F b`iJAw[ mrd ny iesdy mukwbly ijAwdw zoKm
Bry Aqy srIirk SkqI vwly kMmW nUM sWB ilAw[ pr iPr vI AOrq mrd dw irSqw
soSx vwlw nw ho ky ie`k dUjy dw pUrk hI irhw[ v`K-v`K ieiqhwisk q~Q
pRwcIn AOrq muKI smwj dI gvwhI Brdy hn[ b`cy dI pihcwx vI ipqrI h`kW dI
bjwie mwqrI h`kW vwlI sI[ AOrq dw snmwn mrd nwloN vI ijAwdw sI[ vihSI,
jhwlq Aqy sUrmy X`gW dOrwn vI AOrq dI mwn mrXwdw kwiem sI[ Bwrq
iv`c vI vYidk s`iBAqw q`k AOrq dI snmwn vwlI hwlq dy sbUq imldy hn[
pr lMmy smyN qoN kuJ ku guxwqmk qbdIlIAW hOlI-hOlI vwpr rhIAW
sn jo ik jwhrI qOr qy mwqrwqmk rUp iv`c Ajy swhmxy nhIN sn AweIAW[ ieh
ikrq vMf AOrq mrd dI bhuguxqw nUM G`t krdI geI[ mrd dI pRivrqI kbjy Aqy
qwkq vwlI bxdI geI Aqy AOrq iv`c inmwxpx, mihmwn invwjI Aqy GrylU
pRbMDn dI Xogqw Gr krdI geI[ hor qW hor ies kMm ny ausnUM srIirk rUp
iv`c Aqy smwijk qOr qy kmzor bxw id`qw[ smwijk pYdwvwr Aqy swDnW
au~pr mrd ny kbzw krnw SurU kr id`qw[ BwvyN AOrq vI AwpxI Kpq leI ies
iv`c ih`sw lYNdI rhI pr ies dI mwlkI qy auh Awpxw h`k gvw cu`kI
sI[ jwiedwd dy v`K-v`K rUpW au~pr mrd dI mwlkI ny mwqrI h`kW qoN ipqrI
h`kW v`l qbdIlI leI rwh p~Drw kIqw[ so swDnW dI mwlkI Aqy jwiedwd dI
DONs jmw ky mrd ny AOrq nUM ipCWh D`k id`qw Aqy A`goN pirvwr Aqy
smwj iv`c ausdI srvau~cqw sQwipq huMdI geI Aqy iesdy mukwbly AOrq dy
GrylU kMm mh`qv vjoN mrd nwloN aUxy huMdy cly gey[ ieh mrd AwpxI
pqnI nUM auqpwdn dy ie`k AOjwr qoN v`D kuJ nhIN smJdw sI[ pirvwr Aqy
ivAwh dy bdldy rUp mrd dI mrjI Aqy loVW Anuswr Fl rhy sn[ AOrq AwpxI
kudrqI cox dw h`k gvw cu`kI sI[ mrd ny Awpxy vwirs leI ie`k pqnI ie`k pqI
pRQw dw FoNg rc ilAw sI[ pqnI dI v&wdwrI ibnW JgVy vwlI sMqwn leI ausdI
jrUrq sI[ pr s`cweI ieh hY ik ieh pRQw isrP AOrq au~pr hI QopI geI, Awp qW
mrd ny Ajy q`k vI ies nUM Awpxy au~pr lwgU nhIN kIqw hY[ ivAwpk rUp
iv`c PYlI vySvwgmnI iesdw ijauNdw jwgdw sbUq hY[ so ie~Qy ieh svwl h`l
huMdw hY ik iks qrHW mwqrI h`kW qoN ipqrI h`kW v`l bdlI hoeI[ iesdw
kwrn ieh ikrq vMf dw lMmw ieiqhws hI sI jo ik jwiedwd rwhIN mrd dI
pRDwnqw vjoN pRgt hoieAw, nw ik koeI hor jYivk jW mwnisk pRsiQqIAW
ijvyN ik bhuqy krV G`c ibAwn krdy hn[gulwmI dy ies dOr iv`c AOrq dI siQqI
hor BYVI huMdI geI[ auh mrd dI gulwm bx cu`kI sI[ ivkws dOrwn mnu`K ny
nw isr& dUjy jwnvrW, kudrqI qwkqW, dUjy mnu`KW sgoN AwpxI pUrk AOrq
nUM vI gulwm bxw ilAw[ BwvyN kbIly dy muKIAW Aqy rwijAW dI rwxIAW
smUihk AOrqW vWg soSx dw iSkwr nhIN sn, pr smwijk hsqI dy rUp iv`c
mrd dI brwbrI qW auh vI nhIN sn krdIAW[
iesqoN Aglyry swmMqI pRbMD iv`c qW AOrq au~pr mrd dy qS`dd
nw kihx Xog huMdy gey[ AOrq dw auh hr h`k Aqy hr kMm jo ausnUM
Awpxy kMm iv`c roVw l`gdw, auh KoNhdw igAw[ AOrq dI ku`t mwr, Gr iv`c
nzrbMdI, kuVI mwr pRQw, AOrq dI ^rId-vyc, mwVI Kurwk, prdw, bwl ivAwh,
ivDvw ivAwh qy rok, sqI pRQw Awid ies dOr dIAW ivSySqwvW sn ijMnHW
nUM sQwipq pRbMD bVI hI qndyhI nwl pRswr irhw sI[ ieh pRbMD Aqy AOrq
dI ieh siQqI AgwaUN ivkws dy rwh iv`c roVw bxI hoeI sI[ so v`K-v`K smwijk,
Dwrimk lihrW ny iesdw KMfn krnw SurU kr id`qw pr iPr vI ieh qW nvW
pUMjIvwdI AwriQk pRbMD sI ijsny AOrq nUM Azwd krn leI isr qoV Xqn kIqw[
kwnUMn duAwrw iehnW burweIAW nUM dUr kIqw jwx l`gw[ v`K-v`K smwjW
iv`c smyN dy kuJ vk&y nwl iehnW zulmW dw AMq hox l`gw[ iv`idAw dy
pRswr, audXogIkrn Aqy ivigAwink KojW ny bhuq swry BrmW nUM dUr kIqw[
bsqIvwd dy dOrwn hI bhuq swry kwnUMn AOrqW dy h`kW dI rwKI leI bxn
l`gy[ AOrqW dy is`iKAq hox nwl auh iPr qoN smwijk pYdwvwr iv`c ih`sw
pwaux l`gIAW pUMjIvwd ny hOlI-hOlI auhnW nUM AwriQk AzwdI dw rwh
idKwieAw[ vIhvIN qy ie`kIvIN sdI Kws krky ipCly iqMn-cwr dhwikAW qoN
AOrq AwriQk rUp iv`c kuJ h`d q`k Ajwd ho geI hY pr iPr vI iesdIAW
sm`isAwvW h`l hox dw nWA nhIN lYNdIAW qy smu`cI AzwdI dUr ho rhI
hY[ ijvyN lYinn ilKdw hY- loB Aqy lwB dI buinAwd qy kwiem ies nvyN smwj
iv`c AOrqW dI siQqI iv`c Awey bdlwA ausnUM pUrn Azwd nwgirk kdy nhIN
bxw sky[ auh nIc drjy dI aujrqI gulwm Aqy dUjy drjy dI nwgirk bx geI[
ies Ajoky ivigAwink Aqy ivkisq Xu`g iv`c AOrq dI siQqI swry ieiqhwisk
simAW nwloN b`dqr ho geI hY[ ausdw soSx hux isrP AwriQk qOr qy hI nhIN,
sgoN smwijk, rwjnIiqk Bwvnwqimk Aqy ijsmwnI qOr qy vI hoxw SurU ho
igAw hY[ XU. AY~n. E. Anuswr dunIAW dy krIb 1.5 iblIAn ZrIb lokW iv`c
70% isrP AOrqW hn[ hwlw ik ku`l ikrq GMitAW iv`c 67% Xogdwn AOrqW dw
hY[ pr isrP 10% ivSv Awmdn ausdy ih`sy AwauNdI hY[ dunIAW dI ku`l
jwiedwd dI mwlkI AOrqW kol 3% qoN vI G`t hY[ dunIAW dI ku`l AnpV AbwdI
dw 67% AOrqW hn[ G`t ivkisq dySW iv`c siQqI ies qoN ikqy iBAwnk
hY[ Bwrq iv`c AOrqW dI igxqI ie`k hzwr mrd ip`Cy 940 hI hY (sYnss-2011)
[ Coty b`icAW iv`c qW ieh Anupwq G`t ky 926:1000 hI rih igAw hY[ Bwrq
iv`c l`gBg 70% AOrqW AnIimAw (KUn dI kmI) vrgy rog qoN pIiVq
hn[ auhnW dy kupoiSq b`cy ku`l dunIAW dy kupoiSq b`icAW dw ie`k
iqhweI bxdw hY jo ik Bwrq dy ku`l b`icAW dw 48% bxdw hY[ iehnW b`icAW
dw Bwr auhnW dI aumr nwloN G`t, auhnW dw k`d auhnW dI aumr qoN G`t
Aqy auhnW dw Bwr auhnW dy k`d nwloN G`t hY Aqy ieh AOrqW b`icAW dI
hoNd nUM bxweI r`Kx leI j`do-jihd kr rhIAW hn[ is`iKAw dy p`KoN vI AOrqW
dI siQqI koeI vDIAw nhIN hY[ Bwrq dI swKrqw dr 2011 Anuswr 74% hY pr
AOrqW dI swKrqw dr 65% hI hY[ jy kMm dOrwn imldI mzdUrI dI g`l krIey
qW kwnUMn bxn dy bwvjUd vI mrd nwloN 25% G`t vyqn iehnW AOrqW
nUM imldw hY[ kMm dIAW hwlqW vI AOrqW dI ishq nwl iKlvwV hI krdIAW
hn[ jy kuVI mwrn dI pRQw jo ik bhuq icr qoN hoNd iv`c hY, dy ivkisq rUp dI
g`l krIey qW hux jnm lYx qoN pihlW hI qYA kr id`qw jWdw hY ik jy grB iv`c
kuVI hY qW jnm hI nw lvy ikauNik muMfy dy mukwbly kuVI mwipAW nUM
G`t munw&y vwlI aupj jwpdI hY[ hr ie`k idn iv`c 45 AOrqW blwqkwr dw
iSkwr huMdIAW hn[ 21 AOrqW hr roz dhyz dI blI cVHdIAW hn[ mnu`KI
qskrI, ijs iv`c lgBg 70% AOrqW hn, Kws krky CotIAW nwbwlg kuVIAW,
AMqrrwStrI p`Dr qy ho rhI hY[ iehnW b`cIAW nUM CotI aumry hI skUl dI
QW vysvwgmnI leI Byj id`qw jWdw hY[ mMfI au~pr ADwrq ieh pRbMD
qskrW leI moty munw&y dy irhw hY[ AwKrkwr CyV-CwV Aqy GrylU ihMsw
qW Awm vrqwrw hI ho igAw[
sMBv hY au~prly AMkVy AslI GtnwvW qoN kwPI G`t hox, pr iPr vI
swnUM ieh d`sx leI kwPI hn ik AwDuink Xu`g iv`c AOrq dI hwlq suDrn dI
bjwie ivgV rhI hY[ Gr dI cwr dIvwrI qoN bwhr inkl ky BwvyN AOrq nUM
AwriQk AzwdI dw supnw qW idKweI idMdw hY pr Asl iv`c brwbrI dw h`k
dyxw mMfI dw audyS nhIN hY[ blik ieh vrqwrw qW vwDU Aqy ssqI ikrq dw
soSx krn dI skIm hY[ AOrq dw ijAwdw AwigAwkwrI qy inmr suBwA Aqy
pRbMD dI kuSlqw lwB kmwaux vwlI mMfI leI qW vrdwn swibq ho rhI
hY[ nvyN-nvyN nwAry Aqy lwry ausdw idl Brmwaux leI l`gdy rihMdy hn[ pr
zmInI s`cweI ieh hY ik AOrq dw vzUd s`cImu`cI ruilAw hoieAw hI hY[ auh
ies loBI smwj dI c`kI iv`c ipsdI hoeI gurbq dI izMdgI bsr krn leI srwpI hoeI
hY[ ij`Qy iek pwsy qoN ausqy nw-brwbrI vwly Aqy soSk smwj dIAW sQwipq
kdrW-kImqW nUM pwlx dIAW bMidSW hn[ Awpxw cir`qr au~cw su`cw Aqy
izMdgI pirvwr Aqy b`icAW nUM smripq krn dIAW aumIdW lweIAW jWdIAW
hn[ iblkul ausy smyN iesdy ivprIq mMfI dIAW loVW Anuswr Awpxy Awp
nUM Fwlx dIAW qjvIzW ausdy swhmxy ijMn bx ky KVHIAW hn[ smwijk
pYdwvwr iv`c ausdI smUlIAq ny zrUr hI ausdI smwijk hsqI nUM au~cw
cu`kxw sI pr mMdBwgIN ieh nhIN vwpirAw[ ies vrqwry ny qW ausnUM ie`k
aujrqI gulwm qoN vI vDky ie`k mSIn bxw ky r`K id`qw hY[ kMm nwl ausdI
AlihdgI inrwSw nUM jnm idMdI hY qy inrwSw ausdI Btkxw nUM[ ausdI ikrq
ausnUM AMdrUnI AwnMd nhIN b^SdI ikauNik pYsw ausdy kMm krn dw
AwKrI mnorQ nhIN hY[ so hux auh nIvyN drjy dw ssqw Aqy soiSq mzdUr bx
ky ivcrdI hY[ ij`Qy Gr dI cwrdIvwrI AMdr sur`iKAw dy nW qy ausdw soSx
huMdw irhw, AwDuink dOr iv`c sPlqw Aqy AzwdI dy nWA ‘qy Gr Aqy bwhr
dovW QwvW ‘qy hI ausnUM bzwrI vsqU bxw ky lwB K`itAw jw irhw
hY[ burjUAw mrd leI qW sB qoN Kqrnwk SYA AOrq dw Azwd ivAkqIqv hI hY
ikauNik ieh ausdI srvau~cqw leI ^qrw hY[ auh qW AOrq dy do hI rUp psMd
krdw hY ik jW qW auh Gr iv`c inmwxI bx ky ausdI syvw kry jW iPr bjwr iv`c
ausdI hI mrjI Aqy ih`qW muqwbk ivkdI rhy[
so auprly iviKAwn qoN ieh is`tw k`iFAw jw skdw hY ik AwDuink
pRbMD iv`c AOrq dI siQqI ausdy vDdy Xogdwn dy bwvjUd vI suDrn dI bjwie
AslI rUp iv`c ivgV geI hY[ Gr dI cwrdIvwrI coN inkl ky ij`Qy ausnUM brwbr
dI smwij hsqI dw drjw imlxw sI[ bwhrI smwj ny aus leI hor l`KW musIbqW
KVHIAW kr id`qIAW hn[ AwDuink Xu`g ny mihlw SsqIkrx dy nW hyT jo ik
s`qw Aqy swDn sMp`n jmwq ny id`qw hY-AOrq dy soSx nUM hor vI qIbr kr
id`qw hY[ kuJ AOrqW dy swDn Aqy s`qw qy kwbj hox nwl bhuigxqI soiSq
AOrq jmwq dI siQqI nhIN suDrn l`gI[ AOrq dw soSx isrP AwriQk hI nhIN,
mwnisk, smwijk, rwjnIiqk, Bwvnwqmk Aqy srIirk p`K qoN vI incoVn dI h`d
q`k pu`j igAw hY[ ausnUM AjwdI idvwaux leI ieh Ajokw AwriQk, smwijk
pRbMD Aqy iv`idAk pRxwlI au~kw hI nw kwPI hn[ Asl iv`c AOrq dI AzwdI
dw svwl mnu`Kqw dI AjwdI dy svwl nwl fUMGw juiVAw hoieAw hY[ iesdw
p`K isrP AwriQk hI nhIN sgoN iesqoN A`gy smwijk Aqy sMsikRqk vI
hY[ AOrq kdrq dI AdBu`q rcnw hY[ ieh ieiqhws nUM sWBdI hY, vrqmwn
nUM ipAwrdI hY Aqy Biv~K nUM isMjdI hY[ AOrq dy kMm, izMmyvwrI Aqy
kudrqI Kwsy nUM dyKdy hoey brwbrI hI nhIN sgoN ausqoN vI v~D h`k dyxy
pYxgy[ swfw smwj iPr hI s`iBAk khwaux dw h`kdwr hY jykr auh AOrq dy
mUl nUM pCwxdy hoey iesnUM vDIAw Kurwk, vDIAw rihx-sihx, qMdrusq
vwqwvrn, ie`zq, smwjk ruqbw Aqy pihly drjy dy SihrI dIAW shUlqWvW
pRdwn kry[ hW iPr AsIN ausqoN nroey Aqy qMdrusq smwj dI isrjxw iv`c
mohrI rol dI aumId kr skdy hW[ bSrqy hI jdoN AOrq-mrd sMbMD soiSq nw
ho ky AwpsI brwbrI Aqy s`cy pRym qy ADwirq hoxgy qW AOrq Awpxy husn
Aqy ipAwr nwl dunIAw nUM svrg bxw dyvygI[ iPr AsIN au~cIAW kdrW
kImqW vwlI nroeI AgWhvDU pIVI nwl A`gy vDWgy[

bhwdr isMG, ipMf qy

fwkKwnw-idaux,
lYk. ieknwimks, BFGI,
biTMfw
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