★★ Modul Pintas Tingkatan 5

Peperiksaan Percubaan SPM 2018

Skema Jawapan Kimia
Kertas 2 4541/2
 PAPER 2

Question No. Mark scheme Mark

Sub Total
1 (a) (i) Isotopes are the same atoms 1
That have same number of protons but different number of neutrons 1 2
(ii) 16 1 1
(iii) to study phosphorus metabolism in plants 1 1
(b)
15 protons
16 neutrons

1. Correct number of shell and number of electrons 1

2. has a nucleus with correct label for protons and electrons 1 2
(c)
Temperature/ oC

280

Time/ s

1. correct the label and unit at both axes 1

2. Correct the shape of curve (not begin at 0) 1
3. Boiling point is labeled. 1 3
Total 9
2 (a) (i) Formula that shows the actual number atoms of elements in a compound 1 1
(ii) CH2O 1 1
(iii) 2. (12 + 4 + 16)n = 150
n=5 1
2. C5H10O5 1 2
(b) (i) Carbon dioxide 1 1
(ii) CuCO3 → CuO + CO2 1 1
(iii) 1. mol of CuCO3 = 6.2/124 // 0.05 1
2. mol ratio
1 mol CuCO3 → 1 mol CO2
0.05 mol CuCO3 → 0.05 mol CO2 1
3. Volume CO2 = 0.05 x 24 dm3 // 1.2 dm3 1 3
Total 9
3 (a) Acid is a substances that ionizes to H ions when dissolve in water
+
1 1
(b) X : Hydrochloric acid // nitric acid 1
 Y : Ethanoic acid 1 2
(c) (i) X 1 1
(ii) Because acid X has higher concentration of H+ ions. 1 1
(d) (i) Neutralization 1 1
(ii) HCl + KOH → KCl + H2O //
HNO3 + KOH → KNO3 + H2O
1. Correct reactants 1
2. Correct product 1 2
(iii) Ma(20) = 1
(0.1)(25) 1 1
Ma = 0.125 moldm-3 1 2
Total 10
4 (a) Anions : Zn2+, H+ 1
Cations : Cl-, OH- 1 2
(b) (i) Diagram 4.1 : Oxygen gas 1
Diagram 4.2 : Chlorine gas 1 2
(ii) Diagram 4.1 : 4OH- → 4e + 2H2O + O2 1
Diagram 4.2 : 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e 1 2
(c) 1. Put lighted splinter near the mouth of test tube 1
2. ‘pop’ sound is produced 1 2
(d) 1. Anode become thinner 1
2. Because Cu atom is ionize/oxidize to Cu2+ ions 1 2
Total 10
5 (a) (i) Zn + 2HNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + H2 1 1
(ii) 1. mol HNO3 = 50(0.5)/1000 // 0.025 1
2. Ratio of mol:
2 mol HNO3 → 1 mol H2
0.025 mol HNO3 → 0.0125 mol H2 1
3. Gas volume = 0.0125 x 24 dm3 // 0.3 dm3/ 300 cm3 1 3
(b) 1. Use zinc powder 1
2. same type of acid 1
3. with 12.5 cm3 1.0 moldm3 1 3
(c) (i) Rate of reaction exp. II higher than exp. I 1 1
(ii) 1. Exp. II use the higher concentration of HNO 3 acid 1
2. Frequency of collision between H+ ions and Zn in exp. II higher than exp. I 1
3. Frequency of effective collision exp. II higher than exp. I 1 3
Total 11
6 (a) (i) Purple to green 1 1
(ii) Green to brown 1 1
(b) (i) MnO4- + 8H+ + 5e → Mn2+ + 4H2O 1 1
(ii) +7 1 1
(c) (i) MnO4- + 8H+ + 5Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+ 2 2
(ii) 1. Oxidation number of MnO4- decrease from +7 to +2, oxidation occurred 1
2. Oxidation number of Fe increase from +2 to +3, reduction occurred 1 2
(d)
G

+ ─
Carbon
electrode
Potassium
Chlorine bromide solution
water
 1. functional diagram 1
2. Correct label 1
3. Correct positive and negative terminal 1 3
Total 11
7 (a) (i) X: Na/sodium 1 1
(ii) Li, Na, K 1 1
(b) (i) 4K + O2 → 2K2O
1. Correct reactants and products 1
2. Balanced equation 1 2
(ii) 1. Red turn to blue 1
2. Because basic solution is produced 1
2
(c) 1. Potassium more reactive than X 1
2. Because size of potassium atom bigger than X atom 1
3. The force attraction between nucleus and electrovalens in potassium weaker than 1
in X.
4. Potassium atom easier to release its electronvalen than atom K 1 4
(d) (i) Ionic bond 1 1
(ii) l. Ectron arrangement for atom K is 2.8.8.1 and atom Cl is 2.8.7 1
2. K atom donate two electronvalent to form K+ ion 1
3. Cl atom receives one electron to form Cl- ion. 1
4. M2+ ion combine K2- ion to form compound with formula MK 1
5. Both ions achieve stable octet electron arrangement 1

Diagram
6. Correct number of shell and has a nucleus 1
7. Correct arrangement of electrons and has a label for each ion. 1

+ ─

K C
l
max
6

(iii) 1. Ions are attracted by electrostatic forces 1

2. Electrostatic forces are strong forces 1
3. More heat is needed to overcome the forces 1 3
Total 20
8 (a) (i) 1. Alloy A : Bronze 1
2. Specific properties: hard//strong//does not corrode//shiny surface 1
3. Glass B: Borosilicsate glass 1
4. Specific properties: transparent//resistant to chemicals// withstand heat 1 4
(ii) 2. Arrangement of pure copper 1

Pure copper atom

 2. Arrangement of Alloy A 1

Pure copper atom

Tin atom

1
3. Alloy A is harder than pure copper

4. Alloy A contains foreign atoms/tin atoms that disrupt the orderly

1
arrangements of the pure copper atoms

5. layers of pure copper atoms are prevented from sliding over one another
1
when force is applied

6. pure copper contains same type//same size of atoms that will slide over one
1 6
another easily when force is applied
(b) (i) 1. Type of cleaning agent M : soap 1
2. Type of cleaning agent N: detergent 1
soap detergent
Effectives in hard water Not effective effective
1
Formation of scum Scum is formed No Scum is formed 1 4
(ii) 1. soap/detergent ionises in water to produce free moving anions and cations 1
2. the hydrophilic part (head) of the soap anions dissolves in water to wet the
clothes 1
3. The hydrophobic part (tail) dissolves into grease to break down grease to
1
small droplets.
4. The same charges at the head prevent the grease from recombine. 1
4. grease is lifted from the action of rubbing//scrubbing 1
5. grease is suspended in the water and dispersed into smaller droplets 1 6
Total 20
9 (a) 1. calcium nitrate / Ca(NO3)2 1
2. Sodium sulphate / Na2SO4 // potassium sulphate / K2NO3 1

Ca(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 → CaSO4 + 2NaNO3

3. Correct formulae of reactants and products 1
4. Balanced equation 1 4
(b) 1. Pour each solution into two different test tubes. 1
2. Add dilute nitric acid, HNO3 1
3. Followed by AgNO3 solution for each test tubes 1
4. Shake well 1
5. White precipitate formed for NaCl solution 1
6. No white solution formed for Na2SO4 solution 1 6

Or
1. Pour each solution into two different test tubes.
2. Add dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl
3. Followed by BaCl2 solution for each test tubes
4. Shake well
5. White precipitate formed for Na2SO4 solution
6. No white solution formed for NaCl solution
 (c) Materials and apparatus:
1. Lead(II) oxide, nitric acid [0.1 – 1.0 moldm-3], beaker, filter paper, filter funnel,
glass rod, Bunsen burner, tripod stand and wire gauze. 1

Procedure:
2.Measured out [20-100 cm3] nitric acid and put in the beaker 1
3. Heat the beaker and nitric acid slowly 1
4. Add slowly lead(II) oxide powder and stir. 1
5. Lead(II) oxide powder is added until in excess 1
6. filter the solution produced to remove the excess lead(II) oxide 1
7. Heat again strongly the salt produced until saturated 1
8. Cool the product in the room temperature 1

Balanced equation:
PbO + 2HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O
9. Correct formulae of reactants and products. 1
10. Balanced equation 1 10
Total 20
10 (a) 1. Vulcanised rubber is hardened when sulphur atoms are added to the double bonds 1
2. Formation of disulphide linkages in vulcanize rubber ensures that vulcanize rubber
is elastic 1 2
(b) (i) 1. Solution X – Ethanoic acid / Methanoic acid (organic acid) 1
2. Solution Y – Ammonia solution 1 2
(ii) 3. Solution X and acid, The H+ from the acid neutralize the negative charges
present on the membrane of the rubber particles. 1
4. Rubber particles collide with one another and break the membrane 1
5. Rubber molecules clump together and coagulates 1
6. Solution Y is an alkali that has OH- and it cannot neutralise the negative
charges on the membrane 1 4
(c) (i) 1. Assuming alkene P is Ethene 1
2. Alcohol Q = Ethanol 1
3. Ester S = Ethyl ethanoate 1 3
(ii) Materials
2. Ethanol, acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution, iced water,
concentrated sulphuric acid 1

Apparatus :
2. Boiling tube, test tube, bunsen burner, delivery tube, 250cm3 beaker,
dropper 1

Procedure:
3. Pour 5cm3 of ethanol into a boiling tube 1
4. Add 2 cm3 of acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution into the
solution 1
5. Add 2-3 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid 1
6. place a stopper and a delivery tube is connected to a test tube that is
placed in a beaker filled with iced water 1
7. the mixture in the boiling tube is gently heated 1
8. the distillate is collected in the test tube 1
9. The distillate collected has a distinctive vinegar smell 1 9
Total 20