Special materials

for ophthalmic coating

Special materials for ophthalmic coating

Titanium Oxides
TiO2 layers have the highest index in the visible range.
Layers produced with Ti3O5 are very consistent.
Characteristics of Titanium Oxides Evaporation techniques Advantages of Ti3O5
TiO2 layers have the highest refractive index in The Titanium oxides TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5 can be evap- The films produced with Ti3O5 are very constant
the visible region. The layers are very hard and orated from Tungsten crucibles, but in a reactive and independant of the evaporated material
stable in combination with other oxides. process there will always some Tungsten oxide quantity.
being formed and evaporated. Therefore electron
Titanium and oxygen form a number of phases,
beam evaporation is preferred. In any case
as TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5 and TiO2. Out of those only
reactive evaporation in an oxygen atmosphere
Ti3O5 evaporates congruently, the others evap-
of about 2x10-4 mbar is necessary to form
orate incongruently. The refractive index of films
stochiometric films of TiO2. The films will be
deposited in sequence from the same melt thus
predominately of the anatase crystal form unless
is not constant except in the case of Ti3O5.
very high substrate temperature or high energies
(ion assistance) are used.

2.60
Technical Data 25º C
2.50
250º C

Refractive Index N
Material Purity [%] Color Density [g/cm ]3
Melting point [°C] 2.40

2.30
TiO 99.5 Gold 4.9 1750 2.20
TiO2 99.9 Black 4.2 1775 2.10

Ti2O3 99.5 Purple 4.6 ≈ 1760 2.00

Ti3O5 99.5 Purple 4.6 ≈ 1760 1.90

370 420 470 520 570 620 670 720 770 820

The properties of the films depend on the evaporation conditions, as substrate temperature, Wavelength nm
oxygen flow resp. pressure rate etc.
Refractive index as a function of wavelength
Evaporation conditions:
25°C: in CCS 250 Oxygen flow = 14 sccm p ~ 1.7x10-4 mbar
250°C: in BAK 640 Oxygen pressure = 3x10-4 mbar

Zirconium Oxides
Zirconium oxides are high index coating material.
Zirconium monoxide produces layers of high and consistent quality.
Characteristics of Zirconium Oxides Advantages of Zirconium Oxides
2.30
Zirconium oxide layers are widely used as high ZrO has a better melting behaviour than ZrO2. Due 2.25 2 x 10-4 mbar
3 x 10-4 mbar
Refractive Index N

index materials in AR coatings, especially on to its lower melting temperature the material 2.20

plastic lenses. In combination with SiO2 as low forms a more uniform melt in the source leading 2.15
2.10
index material, and with a thin layer of a higher to a higher repeatability and a constant thickness
2.05
index material (i.e. Dralo or TiO2) for adjustment uniformity across the substrate holder. 2.00
of the reflection characteristic, hard and durable
The increased process stability means higher and 1.95
coatings are obtained. ZrO2 films tend to show 1.90
more consistent quality for the final product.
an inhomogeneous refractive index, especially at 1.85
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
higher substrate temperatures. This has to be Wavelength nm
taken into account when designing AR coatings.

Refractive index of ZrO2-layers with ZrO as starting material

Substrate temperature 80°C, rate 0.5 nm/s
Oxygen pressure 2 x10-4 and 3x10-4 mbar
Special materials for ophthalmic coating

Dralo
Dralo is a high index coating material.
Dralo provides a high AR bandwidth.
Dralo is excellent for low temperature evaporations.
Dralo reduces film stress.
Dralo has a high environmental stability.
Advantages of Dralo Technical Data
Dralo is an excellent material for the high Density: 4.5 g/cm3
index layer in multilayer AR coatings, where
Melting point: 1700°C
the low index layer is SiO2 or LIMA, and there-
fore a refractive index of about 2.2 is required It is recommended to use an electron beam
for optimal bandwidth. Dralo is especially well gun with a molybdenum liner. Dralo forms a
suited for low temperature substrates (plastic homogeneous melt. Layers with constant 2.60
lenses). In addition to its excellent environ- properties can be produced by replenishing 25º C
2.50
mental stability, Dralo, a special design ma- the liner with granulate. Best results are 250º C

Refractive Index N
2.40
terial, based on titanium oxide, has a lower achieved at a rate of 0.3 to 0.5 nm/s and an
film stress than pure titanium oxides. oxygen pressure of about 3 to 4x10-4 mbar. 2.30

For obtaining the appropriate refractive index 2.20

on unheated substrates and for low absorption 2.10

in the near UV range, ion assisted evaporation 2.00

is recommended. 1.90
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Dispersion of refractive index and absorption: Wavelength nm
The properties of the films depend on the
evaporation conditions, as substrate tempera-
Refractive index as a function of wavelength
ture, oxygen flow, pressure and rate.
Evaporation conditions:
25°C: in CCS 250 Flow O2 = 20 sccm p ~ 4x10-4 mbar
250°C: in BAK 640 Pressure O2 = 4x10-4 mbar

Lima
Lima is a low index material.
Lima layers have lower stress than SiO2.
Lima layers have a high environmental stability.
Advantages of Lima Technical Data
1.60
Lima is a specially designed mixture based on Density of Lima: 1.5 g/cm3 Lim a
SiO 2
Re fr activ e Inde x N

SiO2. Compared to pure SiO2, coatings produced

Melting point: approx. 1730°C
with Lima have substantially lower stress and
a higher chemical and environmental stability. The evaporation behavior is similiar to SiO2. 1.50
Lima coatings have a longer lifetime and a
The properties of the films depend on the
higher quality.
evaporation conditions, as substrate tempera-
substr ate temper atur e 80º C
Ideally Lima (low refractive index) is combined ture and rate.
1.40
with Dralo (high refractive index). 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Wa ve
length nm
Lima can be used both for cold and for hot
processes. Lima has a slightly higher refractive
index than SiO2. Refractive index as a function of wavelength
Special materials for ophthalmic coating

Sunglass Coating Materials

Good ultraviolet protection.
Superior environmental stability.
Mirror coatings based on Cr - SiO.
The easy way to produce reflected colors.
Coating Materials Metal Mirrors based on Cr and SiO
Umicore Materials AG provides coating materials to produce brown, green, blue and grey color Variation of reflected color with increasing SiO
coatings and mirror coatings. thickness

Color Material Transm. 550 nm Evaporation technology Substrates Cr SiO Color

nm nm
Brown Meldina 20 – 80% E-beam Glass/ CR39/ PC
Green Olivin C1 and C2 15% Boat Glass 60 20 Silver
Blue Olivin C1 and C2 16% Boat Glass 60 30 Light yellow
Grey Grey A 20 – 80% E-beam, Boat Glass/ CR39/ PC 60 40 Light yellow
Metal Mirror Cr and SiO 10 – 20% Boat Glass/ CR39/ PC 60 50 Bronze
Dielectric Mirror TiO2 and SiO2 50 – 90% 1)
E-beam Glass/ CR39/ PC 60 60 Dark violet
1)
depends on color 60 70 Violet
60 80 Blue
60 95 Blue
Ordering information 60 100 Steel blue
60 110 Steel blue
Part no. Material Color Delivery form Quantity
60 130 Light blue
BD484608-T Malbunit 8/1 Brown Granulate 1.5 – 5.0 mm 100 g 60 140 Silvery blue
BD484607-T 250 g 60 150 Greenish yellow
BD484609-T 500 g 60 160 Greenish yellow
BD484873-T Melditab Brown Tablets 100 g 60 180 Gold
BD484874-T 500 g 60 190 Red gold
BD484878-T Grey A Grey Granulate 0.7 – 3.5 mm 100 g 60 200 Red violet
BD484879-T 500 g 60 240 Violet
BD484843-T Olivin C1 Green/Blue Tablets 100 g 60 260 Blue
BD484844-T 500 g 60 280 Dark green
BD484848-T Olivin C2 Green/Blue Granulate 3 – 8 mm 100 g 60 300 Green
BD484849-T 500 g
BD481058-T Chromium Cr 99.6% Metal Mirror Granulate 1.5 – 3.5 mm 100 g
BD481059-T 500 g
BD481283-T Siliconmonoxide SiO 99.9% Metal Mirror Granulate 3.5 – 5.0 mm 100 g
BD481284-T 500 g
BD481298-T Titaniumdioxide TiO2 99.9% Dielectric Mirror Tablets approx. 1 g 100 g
BD481299-T 500 g 50.0
Tr ansmission, r e f lection [% ]

BD481889-T Silicondioxide SiO2 99.9% Dielectric Mirror Granulate 1.5 – 3.5 mm 500 g 45.0
Thickness = 2850 nm
40.0
Other dimensions/quantities are available on request. 35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
nm

Transmission and reflection of Meldina-T.

Special materials for ophthalmic coating

Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic topcoats make lenses water repellent.
Hydrophobic topcoats ease lens cleaning.
Characteristics of hydrophobic materials Technical Data
Product* A B C Density: 1.04 g/cm3

Contact angle** 107° 103° 99° Refractive index: 1.36 at 550 nm

Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with Freon*** 58% 45% 22%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with Acetone 70% 70% 70%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with alkali in ultrasonic bath 44% 42% 40%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with NaCl solution 83% 80% 75%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with a cotton cloth 85% 85% 80%
Absolute quantity (film thickness) that can be
applied from one tablet 58 nm 50 nm > 80 nm
Top Coat, small tablets (see ordering information) > 20 nm
* Product A: product from Umicore Materials AG / Product B and C: products from other vendors
** Contact angle O– (see figure)
*** Residual hydrophobic action was determined by evaluation of the contact angle.
Special materials for ophthalmic coating

BV868956/8/2004/1000
Hydrophobic
Hydrophobic topcoats make lenses water repellent.
Hydrophobic topcoats ease lens cleaning.
Characteristics of hydrophobic materials Technical Data

Special materials
Product* A B C Density: 1.04 g/cm3

Contact angle** 107° 103° 99° Refractive index: 1.36 at 550 nm

Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with Freon***
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
58% 45% 22%
for ophthalmic coating
with Acetone 70% 70% 70%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with alkali in ultrasonic bath 44% 42% 40%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with NaCl solution 83% 80% 75%
Residual hydrophobic action after treatment
with a cotton cloth 85% 85% 80%
Absolute quantity (film thickness) that can be
applied from one tablet 58 nm 50 nm > 80 nm
Top Coat, small tablets (see ordering information) > 20 nm
* Product A: product from Umicore Materials AG / Product B and C: products from other vendors
** Contact angle O– (see figure)
*** Residual hydrophobic action was determined by evaluation of the contact angle.

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Hsinchu Industrial Park, Hukuo Hsiang Providence, RI 02909
Hsinchu Hsien USA
Taiwan R.O.C Tel +1 401 456 0800
Tel +886 3597 6699 Fax +1 401 421 2419
Fax +886 3597 7070 sales.materials.pr@umicore.com
sales.materials.hc@umicore.com www.thinfilmproducts.umicore.com
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