Chapter 34

Faraday Laws of Induction

Problems
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Q34-1: At a certain location in the northern hemisphere the earth magnetic
field has the magnitude of 42µT and points downward at 570 vertical
calculate the flux through a horizontal surface of area 2.5 m2

• Data:-
• 𝐵 = 42µT= 42 x10-6T
• 𝐴 = 2.5 m2
• Θ = 570
Formula = ∅𝐵 = 𝐵. 𝐴

Putting the values in the above formula, we get

• (42×10−6T)(2.5 m2 ) cos(57◦ ) = 5.7×10−5Wb
Q34-3: In figure 34.41 the magnetic flux through the loop shown increases
according to the relation ∅𝐵 = 6m Wb/s2 t2 + 7m Wb/s2 t
(a) what is the absolute value of the emf induced in the loop when
t = 2.0 s
(b) what is the direction of the current through the resistor
• Data:-
• ∅𝐵 = 6m Wb/s2 t2 + 7m Wb/s2 t [1]
• (b) This part isn’t harder. The
• Time =t= 2 s magnetic flux through the loop is
• Number of loop= 1 increasing when t = 2.0 s. The induced
• Formula = The magnitude of the emf induced in a loop is current needs to flow in such a
given by eq 2
𝑑∅𝐵 direction to create a second magnetic
│ Ԑ│ = N│ │ [2] field to oppose this increase. The
𝑑𝑡
First differentiate eq [1] wrt ‘t’ we have original magnetic field is out of the
𝑑∅𝐵
𝑑𝑡
= 6m Wb/s2 {2t} + 7m Wb/s2 [3] page and we oppose the increase by
Putting the values t=2s N=1 (since loops is one)in the above pointing the other way, so the second
formula mentioned in eq [2] & [3], we get field will point into the page (inside
𝑑∅𝐵
𝑑𝑡
= 12m Wb/s2 t + 7m Wb/s2 the loop). By the right hand rule this
│ Ԑ│ = 24m Wb/s2 t + 7m Wb/s2 = 31m Wb/s2 means the induced current is
clockwise through the loop, or to the
left through the resistor
Q34-4: The magnetic field through a 1 turn loop of a wire 16 cm in radius and 8.5
ohms in resistance changes with time . Calculate the emf in the loop as a function of
time consider the time interval
(a) t=0 to 2 s (b) t=2 to 4 s , (c) t=4 to 8 s
The uniform magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
• Data:-
• (a) t=0 to 2 s
(b) t=2 to 4 s ,
(c) t=4 to 8 s
• Length of the wire = 16 cm = 0.16 m
• Area of loop = A= π (0.16)2
𝑑∅𝐵 𝑑𝐵
• formula = Ԑ= -A =-A [1]
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
• From graph we can calculate the change in magnetic field and time, insert
these values and A in eq [1], we get
• (a) E = −π(0.16 m)2 (0.5 T)/(2 s) = −2.0×10−2V.
• (b) E = −π(0.16 m)2 (0.0 T)/(2 s) = 0.0×10−2V.
• (c) E = −π(0.16 m)2 (−0.5 T)/(4 s) = 1.0×10−2V
Q34-13: from the situation shown in the fig a= 12 cm, b = 16 cm the current
in the long straight wire is given by i= ( 4.5 A/m2 )t2 – (10A/m2)t find the emif
in the square loop at t= 3 s

• Ans:- The part above the long straight wire (a distance b- a above it)
cancel out contribution below the wire (a distance b- a beneath it)the
flus through the loop is then
Q34-17: A conducting rod of mass m and length l slides without friction on two long horizontal rays a
uniform vertical magnetic field fills the region in which the rod is free to move. The
generator supplies the current that flow down one rail across the rod and back to the
generator along the other rail a student monitors the generator continuously adjusting it so
that current it supplies is constant regardless of the rod. Fin the velocity of the rod as a
function of time assuming it to be at rest at t=0 .
• The magnetic field is out of the page and current through the rod is down.
• Then equation is
F= i(L x B)
• shows that the direction of the magnetic force is to the right;
• furthermore, since everything is perpendicular to everything else, we can get rid of the vector nature of the
problem
• write F = iLB.
• Newton’s second law gives F = ma, or
• and the acceleration of an object from rest results in a velocity given by v = at. Combining
iLB
• ma= iLB . This implies a =
𝑚
, v=at
• Insert the value of a we get,
𝑖𝐿𝐵
𝑣 𝑡 = 𝑚
t
Q34-22: A rod of length cause to move at a constant speed along horizontal conducting rails. In this case magnetic field in which the rod
move is not uniform is provided by a current in a long, parallel wire, Assume that v= 4.86 m/s a= 10.2 mm and l= 9.83 cm, i = 110 A
(a) calculate the emf induced in the rod
(b) what is the current in the conducting loop? Assume that that the resistance of the rod is 415 m ohms and that the resistance of the
rails is negligible.
(c) At what rate does the internal energy of the rod increase?
(d) what force must be applied to the rod by an external agent to maintain its motion
(e) At what rate does this external agent do work on the rod? Compare this answer to part c
Q34-24 Two straight conducting rails form the angle where there ends are joined. A conducting bar in
contact with the rails and forming an isosceles triangle with them starts at the vertex at time t=0 and
moves with constant velocity to the right. A magnetic field B point out of the page.(a) find the emf
induced as a function of time
(b) if angle θ = 110o , B = 352 mT and v= 5.21 m/s when the induced emf equal to 56.8 watt.

(a) The area of triangle is A=π 2tanθ/2, in this case x=vt

∅𝐵 =B(vt)2 tanθ/2 and then
Ԑ = 2Bv2t tanθ/2

(b) t= Ԑ /2Bv2t tanθ/2

56.8 𝑉
t=
2(0.352𝑇)(5.21𝑚/𝑠)2 tan 55𝑂

t = 2.08 s