UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF PARANAQUE

Dr. A Santos Avenue, Sucat Paranaque City

COLLEGE OF NURSING AND ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES

Acute bronchitis measles prodrome

Submitted to: Elenita Blasco

Dean of CAHS

Submitted by: Sahagun,Jeremie

 Table of Content
I. Introduction

II. Health History

III. Gordon’s Functional Pattern

IV. Laboratory and Diagnostic Exam

V. Anatomy and Physiology

VI. Pathophysiology

VII. Drug Study

VIII. Nursing Care Plan

IX. Course in the Ward

 I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study

This study focuses on the case of a 10 months old client. For confidentiality
purposes, the researcher opted to replace the name of the patient and just call it as “tetsuya 2”.
Tetsuya 2 had been admitted at the pediatric ward of Ospital of Paranaque on December
08,2018, with the final diagnosis of Acute Bronchitis Measles Prodrome.

The latest count by the World Health Organization (WHO) Philippines office is 17,298 measles
cases as of November this year. This is 367 percent more than the 3,706 cases reported last
year .Measles is a highly-contagious airborne viral disease that used to be an epidemic until a
vaccine was developed in 1963.

Symptoms can appear around 10 days after the infection, which include high fever, cough,
runny nose, bloodshot eyes or conjunctivitis, white spots inside the mouth, and rashes on the
face, neck and whole body. Unvaccinated children and pregnant women have the highest risks
of developing measles, which could lead to long term complications and even death.

In October this year, the Department of Health (DOH) Bicol Office reported a 300 percent
increase in measles cases in the region. DOH Bicol has monitored 239 measles cases from
January to September, which included 6 deaths. Those who died were not vaccinated.

Acute bronchitis may follow the common cold or other viral infections in the upper respiratory
tract. It may also occur in children with chronic sinusitis, allergies, or those with enlarged tonsils
and adenoids. Pneumonia is a complication that can follow bronchitis. Acute bronchitis is one of
the most common diseases.[3][14] About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have
at least one episode a year.[7][8] It occurs more often in the winter

II. HEALTH HISTORY

A. General History
Patient Name: tetsuya 2
Sex: F
Age: 10 months
Birth Date: January 12, 2018
Address: barangay, la huerta, Paranaque City
Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Catholic
Date of Admission: December 8,2018
Time of Admission: 7;06 pm

B. Chief Complaint
C. History of Present Illness
D. Past History
E. Family History
F. Physical Assessment
Date of assessment by: December 8,2018 (3:00pm)

A. Chief Complaint

“Linalagnat ako, at may Rashes yung katawaan ko,” as verbalized by the patient.

B. History of Present Illness

C. Past Medical History

As per procedure, the client was interviewed for his medical history. This is a
routine procedure for the patient’s medical background, and a basis for the physician’s
treatment. Based on the gathered facts, he has completed his basic immunization
including BCG, hepatitis, diphtheria, polio and measles. He has never undergone any
operation before. He do not have any known allergies.
 D. Family History

Patient is the eldest in the family with just one sibling.

Patient has a history of asthma on his maternal side, while hypertension and
cancer are present on his paternal side. He do not have any family history of cardiac
problem and diabetes. His father is the only smoker in the family.

E. Social History

Patient is a non-smoker and only drinks occasionally (three times a year the most)
he started when he was 12 years old. He claims that he likes to hang out with friends and
eat street food with his friends after school. He is a socially active, have lots of friends,
flexible teenager who likes to read books, cook and a sports aficionado that he became
a varsity player.

G. Physical Assessment

Date of Assessment by: September 15, 2009 (5 days after the surgery)

Vital Signs

Technique Used Findings Interpretation

Temperature Site: Axillary 36.5 Normal body temp

Respiratory rate Inspection 32 Cpm Possibly due to

pain
Pulse Rate Palpation 130 Bpm Possibly due to
pain
Blood Pressure Auscultation 130/90 mmHg Possibly due to
pain
Appearance and Mental Status

Technique Findings Interpretation

used

Height Inspection 5’6

Weight Inspection 54 kg

Body Mass Index

Body Built Inspection Medium body built

Posture Inspection Erect posture when

standing or sitting

Hygiene and Inspection Clean, neat

overall grooming

Body and Breath Inspection No Significant body

odor or breath odor

Attitude Observation Cooperative, able to

follow Instruction

Mood Observation Appropriate to

situation; not irritated

Speech Observation Understandable,

moderate pace, clear
tone and inflection;
exhibits thought
association

Relevance and Observation Logical sequence;

Organization of makes sense; has
thoughts sense of reality
Skin

Technique Findings Interpretation

used

Skin Color Inspection Brown

Uniformity of Skin Inspection Generally uniform

color except in areas
exposed to the
sun and areas of
lighter
pigmentation
(palms, lips, nail
beds)

Skin Temperature Palpation Uniform; within

normal range

Skin Lesions Inspection No significant

lesions; birthmark
on the back of
right shoulder;

Breaks in the skin Inspection surgical incision

with suture on the
face and right side
of the neck

Presence of Inspection; No edema

Edema palpation

Skin moisture Inspection; Moisture in the

palpation axillae
Skin turgor Inspection; Skin quickly
palpation springs back to
previous state
when pinched

Hair and Nails

Technique Used Findings Interpretation

Evenness of Inspection Evenly distributed

growth over the hair
scalp

Thickness or Inspection Thick hair

thinness

Hair texture Inspection; Dry hair, Dandruff Possibly due to

palpation frequent sun
exposure

Presence of Inspection No infection or

infection or infestation
infestation

Amount of body Inspection More hair present

hair in axillae and legs
than in the rest of
the body

Nail curvature Inspection Convex curvature

no evidence of
clubbing
Fingernail and palpation Smooth
Toenail texture

Fingernail and Inspection pinkish

Toenail bed color

Blanch test of Inspection; Blanch when

capillary refill palpation pressed but
quickly turn pink
when releases
(approximately not
more than 1 sec.)

Head and face

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Presence of Palpation Smooth; absence

nodules, masses of nodules
or depression on masses or
the head depression

Facial Lesions Inspection Surgical Incision

on the right side of
the face, lateral to
the nose

Facial symmetry Inspection symmetrical

Symmetry of facial Inspection Symmetrical facial

movement movements
Eyes and Visual Acuity

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Eyebrow Inspection Hair evenly

distributed and
symmetrically
aligned; skin
intact; equal
movement

Eyelashes Inspection Evenly Distributed;

curled slightly
outward

Eyelids Inspection Skin intact; no

discoloration; lids
close
symmetrically;
bilateral blinking

Bulbar Inspection Transparent with

Conjunctiva white sclera

Palpebral Inspection Shiny and pink

Conjunctiva

Surrounding Inspection; No edema

area of the palpation
orbit

Reaction to Inspection One pupil constrict

light when illuminated
and the other one
constrict at the
 same time even if
not illuminated
(equally reactive)

Peripheral Inspection When looking

visual fields ahead client see
objects in the
periphery

Visual acuity Inspection Patient not able to Due to the pressure

read the student that was exerted by
nurse’s name the previously
plate within removed tumor
approximately 1.5
meter

Ears and Hearing

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Color Inspection Same as facial

skin

Symmetry Inspection symmetrical

Pinna Inspection; Mobile, firm, pinna

palpation recoils after being
fold

Hearing Acuity Inspection Patient able to

respond to
questions asked in
a normal voice
tones
Nose

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Color Inspection Same as facial

skin

Symmetry Inspection Symmetrical

Lesions, scars, Inspection; With surgical

cuts palpation incision on the
right side

Patency of nasal Inspection No evidence of

cavities nasal flaring.

Discharges Inspection No discharge

Smelling ability Inspection Able to distinguish

different smell

Mouth and Throat

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Outer lip Inspection; Pink color, soft,

palpation moist, smooth
texture;
symmetrical, have
 the ability to purse
lips

Inner Lip Inspection; Pink, smooth, soft,

palpation glistening

Teeth Inspection Missing left upper

pre molar

Gums Inspection; Moist, pink, firm

palpation
Tongue Inspection; Central position,
palpation pink, no lesions

Tongue Inspection Moves freely

Movement

Base of the Inspection; Smooth with

palpation
Tongue prominent veins

Hard and soft Inspection Light pink color of

palate soft palate; lighter
pink hard palate

uvula Inspection Pinkish;Positioned

in midline soft
palate

Tonsils Inspection Pink, no swelling

Gag reflex Inspection; Present

palpation

Neck

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Neck muscles Inspection; Muscles equal in
Palpation size in both
sides; head
centered

Head movement Inspection Discomfort when Due to the surgical

moving the head incision on the right
laterally on the side of neck
right side
towards the
shoulder and
when head is
turned right and
left.

Lymph Nodes palpation Not palpable

Trachea Inspection; Central

palpation placement in
midline of neck

Thyroid Gland Inspection; Ascends during

palpation
swallowing

Thorax

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Skin Inspection Uniform in color

Temperature Palpation Uniform; same as

in the rest of the
body

Shape and Inspection Symmetrical

Symmetry

Spinal Alignment Inspection; Spine vertically

(posterior thorax) palpation aligned

Respiratory Inspection; Full and

Excursion Palpation symmetric chest
(posterior thorax) expansion

Breathing patterns Inspection; Rhythmic and

auscultation effortless
respirations;
resonant sounds

Respiratory Inspection; Full and

Excursion(anterior Palpation symmetric chest
thorax) expansion

Abdomen

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Skin Inspection Uniform in color

Temperature Palpation Uniform; same

as in the rest of
the body
Contour and Inspection; palpation No evidence of
Symmetry enlargements of
organs,
symmetric
contour

Abdominal Inspection; palpation Symmetric

Movements movements
caused by
respirations

Bowel Sounds Inspection; Audible bowel

Auscultation sounds
;frequency within
normal range

Bladder Inspection; palpation Not Palpable

Upper extremities

Technique used Findings Interpretation

Skin Inspection Slightly darker in Due to sun

color than the rest exposure
of the body; no
lesions

Temperature Palpation Uniform; same as

in the rest of the
body

Contraptions Inspection IV canulla inserted

(gauge#18) for
 D5LR type of IV
fluid

Presence of mass/ Inspection; No edema, no

edema palpation bulges

Range of motion Inspection Moves freely; full

range of motion

H. Patterns of Functioning

Date of Assessment: September 15, 2009 (5 days after the surgery)

Method of Assessment used: Observation, Interview

Findings
Activities and Rest Patient X44 has complaints about his
sedentary condition in the hospital he
claims to be bored in the hospital. He is
getting more than enough rest as well

Circulation Pulse is present in all pulse sites. Pulse

can be felt with moderate pressure of the
finger. Pulse Rate during assessment is
110 bpm, blood pressure is at
130/90mmHg
Ego Integrity Patient verbalized: “nakakahiya yung
peklat ko” which manifest a decreased
self esteem
Elimination Patient defecates once a day with
formed, brown in color stool. He also
urinates regularly with clear to light yellow
urine. His input and output is being
closely monitored which reveals no
significant imbalance.
Food and fluid Client X44 is on a Nothing per Orem diet.
He is in strict fluid intake and output
monitoring, in our 6-hour shift he has taken
in 520 ml of fluids which is being
supplemented by her intravenous fluid of
5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers infusing
at 15-16 drops per minute.

Hygiene Patient is on complete bed rest with

bathroom privileges. He is able to take a
bath every day except on the head to
avoid the surgical site. During physical
examination patient exhibits a clean
presentation of himself with clean body,
short clean finger and toe nails. There
was no significant body odor.
Neurosensory Patient is conscious, alert and coherent.
Assesment of the functions of the cranial
nerves was done which reveal no
significant deviation
Pain and Discomfort During assessment patient complains of
radiating pain in his surgical site, with
pain scale of 8/10. There was also a
slight elevation on his blood pressure,
 pulse rate and respiratory rate which may
be possibly due to his pain.
Respiration Patient do not have any complains about
his breathing. His respiratory rate is 23
bpm which is within normal range.
Safety The patient has no known allergies. He
always have a bed side assistant from his
family and staff nurses to ensure his
security.
Sexuality The patient is not sexually active. Patient
claims that he has a girlfriend at school,
which manifest the patient’s sexual
orientation.
Social Interaction Patient has a normal social interaction as
manifested by the way he communicates
with health care providers.
Teaching and Learning Patient is able to comprehend health
teachings that are being taught to him,
including teachings about his medication
and how to take care of his incision site.

Vital Signs

Technique Used Findings Interpretation

Temperature Site: Axillary 36.5 Normal body temp
Respiratory Rate Inspection 32 Cpm
Pulse Rate 130 Bpm
III. Diagnostic/Laboratory Exam

COMPLETE BLOOD TEST

COMPONENTS NORMAL VALUES RESULTS IMPRESSION

HEMOGLOBIN (HGB) 12-15 gms% 11.8 Low hemoglobin count

due to Your body
produces fewer red
blood cells than usual
HEMATOCRIT (HCT) 37-47vol% 35.3 An insufficient supply
of healthy red blood
cells

WHITE BLOOD COUNT 5,000-10,000 10,300 A large number of

white blood cells due
to Infection,
inflammation,

DIFFERENTIAL
COMPONENTS NORMAL VALUES RESULTS IMPRESSION
STABS 3-5% 3% Normal number of
stabs
SEGMENTERS 55-65% 32% Low number of
segmenter due to
Immunosuppression
LYPHOCYTES 25-35% 65% Increase number of
lymphocytes due to
Viral infection

COMPONENTS NORMAL VALUES RESULTS IMPRESSION

PLATELET COUNT 150,000-400,00/cu mm 247,000 Normal platelet counts
Anatomy
Part I - the respiratory system

The respiratory system consists of the parried lungs and the organs that conduct air to and from the
lungs and which from the most external to internal include the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and
main bronchi.

Nose – is a hallow organ whose cavity is divided into two irregularly- shaped spaces (nasal fossa) by a
common cartilaginous wall (nasal septum).

 Function - provides airway for respiration, moisten and warm air, Filter air (mucus and cilia),
site of olfactory receptor used for smelling and lastly resonating chamber for sound waves.
Blood supply of nose Venous Drainage Nerve supply
 Ophthalmic Arteries  Facial Vein  Infratrochlear
 Maxillary Arteries  Ophthalmic vein  Infraorbital branch of the
 Facial Arteries Maxillary nerve

Pharynx- is a funnel shaped fibromuscular tube that extend from the base of the skull to the level of the
hyoid bone where it is continuous with the esophagus. It is a tube that is common to the digestive and
respiratory systems.

NASOPHARYNX
 Extends from the base of the
skull to the soft palate
Features:
 Pharyngeal tonsil – forms the
roof or superior surface Orifice
of auditory tube or eustachian
tube
 Torus tuburius – hood-like
structure above the opening of
the auditory tube
 Salpingopharyngeal fold -
encloses the
salpingopharyngeal muscle; it
is extending inferiorly from the
torus turubius
 Tubal tonsil – posterior to the
orifice of auditory tube
DIVISIONS OF THE PHARYNX
OROPHARYNX
 Extends from the soft palate
to the superior border of the
epiglottis
Features:
 Palatine tonsils – founded by
the palatoglossal arch and the
palatophryngeal arch
 Lingual tonsils – beneath the
posterior part of the tongue
LARYNGOPHARYNX
 Extends from the superior
border of epiglottis to the
cricoid cartilage
Features:
 Inlet of the larynx –
communication between the
laryngopharynx and larynx
 Piriform recess – space of
both sides of the inlet of the
larynx

NERVE SUPPLY OF THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE LYMPH DRAINAGE OF THE

PHARYNX PHARYNX PHARYNX
 Nasal Pharynx: Maxillary nerve  Ascending pharyngeal, tonsillar  Directly into the deep cervical
(V2) branches of facial arteries lymph nodes
 Oral Pharynx:  Branches of maxillary and  Indirectly via the
Glossopharyngeal Nerve lingual arteries retropharyngeal or
 Laryngeal Pharynx: Internal paratracheal nodes into the
Laryngeal Nerve deep cervical nodes

LARYNX- it connects to the pharynx to the trachea and serves an important role in phonation
the frame work of the larynx is formed by the 3 unpaired ( i.e thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic) and three
paried (i.e, corniculate , cuneiform and arytenoid cartilage. Of these i.e thyroid, cricoid and arytenoid
are hyaline , and corniculate , cuneiform and epiglottis are elastic.
TRACHEA
 a cartilaginous and membranous tube
 extends from the cricoid cartilage of the larynx, on a level with C6 vertebra, to the level of the
angle of Louis (T4/5) vertebra
 The trachea divides into two main bronchi : the left and the right bronchi, at the level of the
sternal angle at the anatomical point known as the carina.
 Structure:
 a rigid fibroelastic structure
 Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage continuously maintain the patency of the lumen.
 Lined internally with ciliated columnar epithelium.
BLOOD SUPPLY LYMPH DRAINAGE NERVE SUPPLY
 Upper 2/3 – Inferior thyroid  Pretracheal lymph nodes  Sensory nerve is from the
arteries  Paratracheal lymph nodes vagi and the recurrent
 Lower 1/3 – Bronchial  Deep cervical nodes laryngeal nerves
arteries  Sympathetic nerves supply
the trachealis muscle

BRONCHI
Right bronchus: Left Bronchus
 Wider, shorter, and more vertical in  Smaller in caliber but longer than the right
direction than the left.  It is about 5 cm. long.
 It is about 2.5 cm. Long  It enters the root of the left lung opposite
 It enters the right lung nearly opposite the T5 the T6 vertebra.
vertebra.

LUNGS
 Essential respiration organ in many air-breathing animals
 Right lung bigger than the left lung because the heart bulges more to the left
 Has a half cone shape. It has a base, apex, 2 surfaces, and 3 borders
 The base sits on the diaphragm.
 The apex projects above 1st rib and into the root of the neck.

Root and hilum of lung:

• The root of each lung is a short tubular collection of structures that together attach the lung to
structures in the mediastinum .
• The hilum, where structures enter and leave.
• Structures within each root and located in the
hilum:
• A pulmonary artery
• Two pulmonary veins
• A main bronchus
• Bronchial vessel
• Nerves
• Lymphatics
 VI. Pathophysiology
Virus: Paramyxoviridae
genus: morbillivirus
species: measles

inhaled

The virus Attach to primary site: Respiratory

epithelium of the nasopharynx

The H protein or hemagglutinin binds

CD46 – on all nucleated SLAM p in B/T cells Nectin -4- cellular

cells adhesion molecule

2-3 days later multiply, replication,

invasion to regional lymph nodes

Primary Viremia+
subsequent infection of
respiratory system

5-7 days after initial infection

SecondViremia – which spreads to the lungs ,

skin and other area that has epithelial ceell
 ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION RATIONALE EVALUATION

SUBJECTIVE: Risk for After 8 hours of 1. Keep nails short and 1. To minimize the trauma GOAL MET
“lagi niyang impaired skin nursing clean. and secondary infection After the nursing
nakakamot yung integrity intervention the implementation the
mga kati-kati related to patient will be 2. Wear gloves or elbow 2. To prevent scratching. patient’s mother
niya”, as raking able to maintain restrain from scratching. was able to
verbalized by the pruritus intact skin perform
mother. integrity. 3. Give clothes that are 3. Because excessive heat instructions and the
thin, loose, and not can increase itching. patient was able to
irritating. maintain intact
OBJECTIVE: skin.
 Rashes 4. Close area of pain 4. To prevent scratching.
 Skin reddness (long sleeves, long
pants, underwear layer).

5. Avoid exposure to 5. exposure to sun rays or

sunlight or heat. heat can cause rashes.
ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION RATIONALE EVALUATION
After the nursing
SUBJECTIVE: Deficient After 8 hours of 1. Determine who will 1. Many elderly or implementations,
“Hindi ko alam Knowledge nursing be the learner: patient, terminal patients may we were able to
na nakakahawa related to interventions , family, significant other, view themselves as assess the patient’s
pala ang tigdas new we will be able or caregiver. dependent on their capabilities and
eh”, as condition to: caregiver, and therefore needs for learning,
verbalized by the not want to be part of the and was able to
patient’s mother. 1. Assess the educational process. formulate
patient’s strategies for better
willingness and 2. Assess motivation 2. Adults must see a need learning as
capabilities for and willingness of or purpose for learning. evidenced by:
learning. patient and caregivers to
learn.  Client’s
2. Formulate 3. Cognitive impairments cooperation
strategies for 3. Assess ability to learn need to be identified so an during
facilitation of or perform desired appropriate teaching plan questioning
better learning. health-related care. can be designed.  Verbalization of
desired to learn
4. Adults learn material
4. Identify priority of that is important to them.
learning needs within
the overall plan of care.
5. Adults bring many life
5. Question patient experiences to each
regarding previous learning session. Adults
experience and health learn best when teaching
teaching. builds on previous
knowledge or experience.
 6. This provides an
6. Identify any existing important starting point in
misconceptions education.
regarding material to be
taught.
7. Matching the learner's
7. Determine patient's preferred style with the
learning style, especially educational method will
if patient has learned facilitate success in
and retained new mastery of knowledge.
information in the past.
8. A first step in teaching
8. Determine patient or may be to foster increased
caregiver's self-efficacy self-efficacy in the
to learn and apply new learner's ability to learn
knowledge. the desired information or
skills.
DRUG STUDY
Name of Drug Classification Mechanism of Indication Contraindication Side Effects Nursing
Action Consideration
Generic Name: Cephalosporin Cefixime inhibit Used to Cefixime is  Diarrhea  Observe pt. for
Cefuroxine Antibiotic bacterial cell wall and treat contraindicated in  Nausea sign and
bind with high affinity infections patient with known  Headache symptoms of
Brand Name: to penicillin-binding caused by allergy to the  Dizzy anaphylaxis
Suprax proteins in bacteria cell bacteria cephalosporin  Cough (rash, laryngeal
wall, thus interfering such as group of anitiotic  Runny nose edema,
Dosage: with peptidogly can bronchitis, contraindicated in  Allergic wheezing)
306mg synthesis. Hence lungs. condition like reaction  Encourage diet
causing bacterial cell Antibiotic hypersensitivity. high in protein,
 DOB
Route: death. will not vitamins and
 Swelling of
IV work for mineral
face, lips,
cold,flu or
Frequency: other virus tongue,
Q8 (12,8,4) infections. throat)
Generic Name: Antipyretics Unknown though to Relief of Contraindicated in  low fever  Use liquid form
Paracetamol produce analgesia by mild pain or pt with with nausea, for children and
blocking generation of fever hypersensitive to stomach patient who have
Brand Name: pain implulese probably the drug pain, and loss difficulty
Biogesic by inhibiting of appetite; swallowing.
prostaglandin synthesis  dark urine,
Dosage: or action of other clay-colored  In children don’t
95mg substance that sensitize stools exceed five
pain receptors to  jaundice doeses in24hr
Route: mechanical or chemical (yellowing of
IV stimulation. It is the skin or
thought to fever by eyes).
Frequency: central action in the
Q4 hypothalamic heat-
regulating center
Course in the ward
On December 08,2018, Patient Tetsuya2 Admitted at the pediatric ward. Requested to get
CBC. The patients Vital sign are taken and record as follows T= 36.5, RR =32Cpm, CR=130 Bpm.
The patient will be hooked to Intravenous Fluid of C5 500mlX 30cc/hr at the right arm. Given
paracetamol 100mg syrup 5mc.
On the next Day December 09,2019, The patient hooked to 02 in Nasal Canal 1pm, follow
up medical Nebulser and rebulixation to Q4 with diet NPO, follow up vital sign taken
Discharge Planning
A. Medication
Fever reducers. You or your child may also take over-the-counter medications such as
acetaminophen (Tylenol, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Children's Motrin, others) or naproxen (Aleve) to
help relieve the fever that accompanies measles.

Don't give aspirin to children or teenagers who have measles symptoms. Though aspirin is approved
for use in children older than age 3, children and teenagers recovering from chickenpox or flu-like
symptoms should never take aspirin. This is because aspirin has been linked to Reye's syndrome, a
rare but potentially life-threatening condition, in such children.

Antibiotics. If a bacterial infection, such as pneumonia or an ear infection, develops while you or
your child has measles, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic.

Vitamin A. Children with low levels of vitamin A are more likely to have a more severe case of
measles. Giving vitamin A may lessen the severity of the measles. It's generally given as a large dose
of 200,000 international units (IU) for children older than a year.
B. Exercise And Activates
Take it easy. Get rest and avoid busy activities.
Sip something. Drink plenty of water, fruit juice and herbal tea to replace fluids lost by fever and
sweating.
Seek respiratory relief. Use a humidifier to relieve a cough and sore throat.
Rest your eyes. If you or your child finds bright light bothersome, as do many people with measles,
keep the lights low or wear sunglasses. Also avoid reading or watching television if light from a
reading lamp or from the television is bothersome.
C. Treatment
Post-exposure vaccination. Nonimmunized people, including infants, may be given the measles
vaccination within 72 hours of exposure to the measles virus to provide protection against the
disease. If measles still develops, the illness usually has milder symptoms and lasts for a shorter
time.
Immune serum globulin. Pregnant women, infants and people with weakened immune systems
who are exposed to the virus may receive an injection of proteins (antibodies) called immune
serum globulin. When given within six days of exposure to the virus, these antibodies can prevent
measles or make symptoms less severe.
D. Prevention
The most effective way to prevent measles is through immunization. Children routinely receive
MMR vaccine according to immunization schedule.
Both types measles still common in areas that do not offer immunization & in people who have not
been immunized.
Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing & good hand-washing practices will help prevent the
spread of the diseases.
Special immunization -- immune globulin -- necessary for certain high-risk people after they
exposed to measles. Include children <1 year old, children with weakened immune systems, &
pregnant women.