Chemistry

Investigatory
Project
Name: Sanchit Agrawal
Class: XII
Board Roll Number:
 Certificate Of Authenticity

This is to certify that Sanchit Agrawal, a student of class 12, has

successfully completed the research project on the topic “Dyeing of
wool, silk and cotton in malachite green”, under the guidance of Ms.
Liton Shill.
This project is genuine and does not indulge in plagiarism of any
kind. References taken in making this project have been declared at
the end of the report.

Principal Chemistry Teacher External Examiner

 Acknowledgements

I feel proud to present my investigatory project in chemistry on the

topic “Dyeing of cotton, wool and silk cloth in malachite green”,
which aims at studying the effectiveness of the dye on different types
of materials, under different conditions. This project would not have
been feasible without the proper and rigorous guidance of my
chemistry teacher Ms. Liton Shill.
An investigatory project involves experiments that are very critical
and in case of failure may result in disastrous consequences. Thereby
I would like to thank Liton ma’am and the chemistry lab assistant Ms.
Sneha Basutkar for guiding me on a step by step basis and ensuring
that I completed my experiments with ease.
I would also like to thank my parents and friends for their suggestion
and constructive criticism.
 Contents

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Theory
4. Requirements
5. Procedure
6. Observation
7. Conclusion
8. Bibliography
 Introduction

Dyes are coloured substances which can adhere to the surface of

materials and are used to give colour to paper, food- stuffs and
various textiles such as cotton, wool, silk, synthetic fibres etc.
The dyed fabrics appear to be coloured because a particular dye
absorbs radiations of specific wavelengths from the visible region of
electromagnetic radiations which fall on its surface. The remaining
radiations are reflected. The colour observed is due to this reflected
light.
Characteristics of a dye:
1. It must have a suitable colour.
2. It must be capable of being fixed to the material
3. When fixed it must be fast to detergents, soaps, water, dry-
cleaning solvents, light and dilute acids.
Aim:
To dye wool, cotton and silk clothes with malachite green.

Requirements:
500ml beakers, tripod stand, wire gauze, glass rod, spatula, wool
cloth, cotton cloth and silk cloth. Sodium carbonate, tannic acid,
tartaremetic and malachite green.

Procedure:
1. Preparation of sodium carbonate solution.
Take about 0.5g if solid sodium carbonate and dissolve it in 250
ml of water.

2. Preparation of tartaremtic solution.

Take about 0.2g of tartaremetic and dissolve it in 100ml of
water by stirring with the help of a glass rod.

3. Preparation of tannic acid solution.

Take 100 ml of water in a beaker and add about 1.0g of tannic
acid to it. Heat the solution. On heating a clear solution of tannic
acid is obtained.

4. Preparation of dye solution.

Take about 0.1g of malachite green dye and add to it 400 ml of
water. On warming a clear solution of the dye results.

5. Dyeing of wool and silk.

Take about 200ml dye solution and dip in it the woollen/ silk
cloth to be dyed. Boil the solution for about 2 minutes. After
that remove the cloth and wash it with hot water 3-4 times,
squeeze and keep it for drying.

6. Dyeing of cotton.
 Cotton does not absorb malachite green readily, therefore it
requires the use of a mordant. For dyeing a cotton cloth dip it in
sodium carbonate solution for about 10 minutes and then rinse
with water. Then put the cloth in hot tannic acid solution for
about 5 minutes. Now take out the cloth from tannic acid
solution and keep it in tartaremetic solution for about 5 minutes.
Remove the cloth and squeeze it with the spatula to remove
most of the solution. Now place the cloth in boiling solution of
the dye for about 2 minutes. Remove and wash the dyed cloth
thouroughly with water, squeeze and keep it for drying.

7. Dyeing of cotton directly.

Take another piece of cotton cloth and put it directly into boiling
solution of the dye. Keep it dipped for about 2 minutes. Remove
the cloth, wash with water, squeeze and keep it for drying.

Observations:

1. The colour of the wool cloth dyed directly by dipping in hot

solution of malachite green dye is fast.
2. The colour of cotton cloth dyed directly (without using mordant)
by dipping in hot solution of malachite green is not fast to
washing and is of low intensity.
3. The colour of cotton cloth dyed by using mordant and then by
dipping in hot solution of malachite green is fast to washing and
is of high intensity.
4. The colour of the silk cloth is fast and is of high intensity.

Conclusion:

1. Wool and silk absorb the dye colour well.

2. Use of mordant helps in giving fast colour to the cotton cloth.
Samples:
 Bibliography

1. Comprehensive Practical Chemistry (Class XII)

2. www.projects.icbse.com