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Structure Calculation Sheet For Silo
Structure Calculation Sheet For Silo
FOR SILO
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Calculation sheet for silo
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CONTENTS page
1.GENERAL...........................................................................................................................................3
2.REFERENCE CODE ...........................................................................................................................3
3.MATERIAL.........................................................................................................................................3
4.LOAD ..................................................................................................................................................3
4.1 EARTHQUAKE RESONSE SPECTRUM......................................................................................................... 3
4.2 WIND .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.3 ACTION ON THE SILO BY THE STORED MATERIAL ............................................................................. 10
4.4 OTHER LOADS ............................................................................................................................................... 16
5.SOFTWARE ......................................................................................................................................16
6.CALCULATE REPORT FROM STAAD .........................................................................................19
6.1 LOAD INPUT .................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.2 ULTIMATE BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATE ...................................................................................... 26
6.3 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CALCULATE ....................................................................................... 52
7.DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR SEISMIC ACTION...........................................................................61
7.1 EFFECTIVE MASS PARTICIPATION COEFFICIENT ................................................................................ 61
7.2 VIBRATION MODE AND PERIOD ............................................................................................................... 62
8.REACTION OF SILO........................................................................................................................65
9.RESULTS FOR SILO ......................................................................................................................65
10.INPUT FILE OF STAAD SOFTWARE ..........................................................................................65
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Calculation sheet for silo
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1.GENERAL
There is only one silo on the support frame. The inclination of the hopper is 60 degree.The
height of the silo wall is 3.660m .The circular silos’ internal diameter is 8.0m. The relative
elevation on the top of the silo is +18.30m.
2.REFERENCE CODE
EN 1990 Eurocode : Basis of Structural Design
EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
GB 50011-2010:Code for seismic design of buildings.
3.MATERIAL
Shell Plate Q235-B OR S235J0
Bottom Plate Q235-B OR S235J0
Support Structure Q235-B OR S235
4.LOAD
The loads on the structures are adopted as follows:
constant load: dead load of shell, self weight of equipments.
live load: platform sevice load, equipment operation load on the roof, material load.
Roof:2.0kN/m2;
Density of material in the silo:8~12kN/m3
specific load: earthquake,snow load,wind load
4.1 EARTHQUAKE RESONSE SPECTRUM
The ground acceleration:0.4g.
The earthquake response spectrum is based on the Chinese code GB50011-2010.
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Calculation sheet for silo
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4.2 WIND
1.Parameter
1.1 basic wind velocity
In Bulgaria code
The wind pressure Wm is:
kN
wm := 1.063
2
m
the standard value of the wind pressure wm (kN/m2) can be
defined by the formula:
2 −4
wm 6.25 ⋅vm ⋅10
vm is the wind velocity at height of 10 m above the ground
wm
vm :=
kg
0.625 ⋅
3
m
m
vm = 41.241
s
Fundamental basic wind velocity
Vb0 := vm
m
Vb0 = 41.241
s
Directional factor
Cdir := 1
Season factor
Cseason := 1
V
Basic wind velocity b is based on the fundamental basic wind velocity modified to account
for the direction of the wind being considered and the season
Vb := Cdir ⋅Cseason ⋅Vb0
m
Vb = 41.241
s
1.2 terrain category
For safe terrain category-I
1.3 characteristic peak velocity pressure
Zo := 0.003 ⋅m
Zmin := 1 ⋅m
Zoii := 0.05 ⋅m
Zmax := 18.3m
k z
Terrain factor r depending on the roughness length o calculated using
0.07
Zo
kr := 0.19 ⋅
Zoii
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kr = 0.156
Cr ( z)
The roughness factor at height z
z
Cr ( z) := kr ⋅ln
Zo
Orography factor
Co ( z) := 1.0
V ( z)
The mean wind velocity m is based on the basic wind velocity modified to account for the
effect of terrain roughness and orography
Vm ( z) := ( )
Cr ( z) ⋅Co ( z) ⋅Vb if Zmin ≤ z ≤ Zmax
20
18.5
17
15.5
z 14
12.5
11
9.5
8
50 52 54 56 58
Vm ( z)
IIIustration of mean wind velocity Vm(z)
In eurocode,qb is the basic velocity pressure
qb := wm
turbulence factor
kl := 1.0
turbulence intensity
kl
Iv ( z) := if Z ≤ z ≤ Z
z min max
Co ( z) ⋅ln
Zo
kl
otherwise
Z
min
Co ( z) ⋅ln Z
o
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20
16.25
z 12.5
8.75
5
0.11 0.115 0.12 0.125 0.13
Iv ( z)
IIIustration of turbulence intens Iv(z)
exposure factor
Ce ( z) := ( 1 + 7 ⋅I ( z) ) ⋅C ( z) 2 ⋅C ( z) 2 if Z ≤ z ≤ Z
v r o min max
( 1 + 7 ⋅I ( Z ) ) ⋅C ( Z ) 2 ⋅C ( Z ) 2 otherwise
v min r min o min
20
16.25
z 12.5
8.75
5
2.8 2.9 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Ce ( z)
IIIustration of exposure factor Ce(z)
Peak velocity pressure
qp ( z) := Ce ( z) ⋅qb
20
16.25
z 12.5
8.75
5
3 3 3 3 3
3×10 3.15×10 3.3×10 3.45×10 3.6×10
qp ( z)
IIIustra of peak velocity pressure qp(z)
2.Wind pressures
2.1 External pressure coefficients
the diameter of silo
b := 8000mm
kinematic viscosity
2
−6m
υ := 15 ⋅10
s
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H := Zmax
ze := 0.6 ⋅H
ze = 10.98 m
The air density ρ , which depends on the altitude, temperature and barometric pressure to be
expected in the region during wind storms
kg
ρ := 1.25 ⋅
3
m
Peak wind velocity
qp ze ( )
( )
V ze := 2 ⋅
ρ
( )
m
V ze = 71.877
s
Reynolds numbers
Re := b ⋅
V ze ( )
υ
7
Re = 3.833 × 10
external pressure coefficient
2
−8.889 ⋅10− 4 ⋅
α
Cpo ( α ) := + 1 if 0deg ≤ α ≤ 45deg
1deg
2
7.778 ⋅10− 4 ⋅
α 75deg
− − 1.5 if 45deg ≤ α ≤ 105deg
1deg 1deg
( −0.8) otherwise
α := 0deg , 0.01deg .. 180deg
0.25
Cpo ( α ) − 0.5
− 1.25
−2
0 40 80 120 160 200
α
1deg
α min := 75deg
αA := 105deg
the diameter of the silo
b := 8000mm
the height of the silo
l := 3660mm
Effective slenderness
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l
λ := min , 70
b
λ = 0.458
the sum of the projected areas of the members
A := 3660mm ⋅8000mm
the overall envelope area
Ac := 3660mm ⋅8000mm
solidity ratio
A
ψ :=
Ac
ψ = 1
indicative value of the end-effect factor
ψ λ := 0.604
the end-effect factor
ψ λα ( α ) := 1 if 0deg ≤ α ≤ α min
π ( α − α min)
ψ λ + ( 1 − ψ λ ) ⋅cos ⋅ if α min < α < αA
α A − α min
2
ψλ otherwise
the external pressure coef
Cpe ( α ) := Cpo ( α ) ⋅ψ λα ( α )
0.25
− 1.25
−2
α
1deg
external wind pressure
We ( α , Z) := qp ( Z) ⋅Cpe ( α )
Z := 18.30m
i := 0 , 1 .. 20
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We ( i ⋅9deg , Z)
kN
3.545 ⋅
2
3.29 m
2.524
1.248
-0.539
-2.836
-4.102
-4.921
-5.293
-5.117
-4.153
-2.709
-1.713
-1.713
-1.713
...
kN
We ( 0 , Z) = 3.545 ⋅
2
m
kN
We ( 3 ⋅9deg , Z) = 1.248 ⋅
2
m
kN
We ( 11 ⋅9deg , Z) = −2.709 ⋅
2
m
kN
We ( 12 ⋅9deg , Z) = −1.713 ⋅
2
m
Z := 18.30m − 3.66m = 14.64 m
i := 0 , 1 .. 20
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Calculation sheet for silo
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We ( i ⋅9deg , Z)
kN
3.405 ⋅
2
3.16 m
2.425
1.199
-0.518
-2.724
-3.94
-4.727
-5.084
-4.916
-3.989
-2.602
-1.645
-1.645
-1.645
...
kN
We ( 0 , Z) = 3.405 ⋅
2
m
kN
We ( 3 ⋅9deg , Z) = 1.199 ⋅
2
m
kN
We ( 11 ⋅9deg , Z) = −2.602 ⋅
2
m
kN
We ( 12 ⋅9deg , Z) = −1.645 ⋅
2
m
In the subproject
CsCd := 1.0
4.3 ACTION ON THE SILO BY THE STORED MATERIAL
distance from outlet to equivalent surface
h := 3660mm + 6580mm = 10.24 m
characteristic cross-section dimension
dc := 8000mm
silo type
h
st := "slender silo" if ≥ 1.5
dc
"squat silo" otherwise
st = "squat silo"
Angle of inclination of hopper wall
α := 60deg
1.Filling loads
the weight density
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kN
γ := 16
3
m
(For safe)
the wall friction coefficient
µ m := 0.35
the horizontal/vertical pressure ratio
Ksm := 0.50
the internal perimeter
U := π ⋅dc
steel weight density
kN
γ c := 78.5
3
m
cross-section area of vertical walled section
2
dc
A := π ⋅
2
1.1 wall frictional pressure pwf
µ := 1.15µ m
Ks := 1.15Ksm
A
Z0 :=
Ks ⋅µ ⋅U
− Z
Z
Cz( Z) := 1 − e
0
A
Pwf ( Z) := γ ⋅⋅C ( Z)
U z
Z := 0mm , 1mm .. 3660mm
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3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
Z 2
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
0
1.2×10 2.4×10 3.6×10 4.8×10 6×10 7.2×10 8.4×10 9.6×10 1.08×10 1.2×10
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4
0
Pwf ( Z)
kN
Pwf ( 0m ) = 0 ⋅
2
m
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Calculation sheet for silo
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kN
Pwf ( 3660mm ) = 11.05 ⋅
2
m
1.2 horizontal pressure phf
µ := 0.9µ m
Ks := 1.15Ksm
A
Z0 :=
Ks ⋅µ ⋅U
− Z
Z
Cz( Z) := 1 − e
0
γ A
Phf ( Z) := ⋅
⋅Cz( Z)
µ U
4
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
Z 2
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
3×10 6×10 9×10 1.2×10 1.5×10 1.8×10 2.1×10 2.4×10 2.7×10 3×10
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
0
Phf ( Z)
the horizontal filling pressure at the transition
kN
Phf ( 0mm ) = 0 ⋅
2
m
kN
Phf ( 3660mm ) = 28.66 ⋅
2
m
1.3 vertical pressure pv
µ := 0.9µ m
Ks := 0.9Ksm
A
Z0 :=
Ks ⋅µ ⋅U
− Z
Z
Cz( Z) := 1 − e
0
⋅A
γ
Pv ( Z) := ⋅C ( Z)
Ks ⋅µ ⋅U z
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Calculation sheet for silo
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4
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
Z 2
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
6×10 1.2×10 1.8×10 2.4×10 3×10 3.6×10 4.2×10 4.8×10 5.4×10 6×10
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
0
Pv ( Z)
the vertical pressure acting at the transition
Pv0 := Pv ( 3660mm )
kN
Pv0 = 51.581 ⋅
2
m
The resulting vertical force in the wall pw (z) per unit length of perimeter acting at any depth z
( )
A
Pw( Z) := γ ⋅ ⋅ Z − Z0 ⋅Cz( Z)
U
2.Vertical walled section
eccentricity due to filling(in a conservative way)
ei := 0mm
ei
β := 1 + 4 ⋅
dc
β =1
patch pressure Pp
Pp ( Z) := 0.2 ⋅β ⋅Phf ( Z)
The variation of patch pressure for thin walled circular silos
the mid-height of the vertical walled section
3660mm
hmid := = 1830 ⋅mm
2
Z := hmid
kN
Pp ( Z) = 3.103 ⋅
2
m
the total horizeontal force Fp
s := 0.2 ⋅dc = 1.6 m
kN
Pp ( Z + s) = 5.425 ⋅
2
m
π
Fp := ⋅s ⋅dc ⋅Pp ( Z)
2
Fp = 62.389 ⋅kN
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Pps ( θ ) := Pp ( Z) ⋅cos ( θ )
3.Hoppers
3.1 the pressure normal to the inclined hopper wall
the bottom load magnifier
Cb := 1.2
α := 60deg
( )
Pn1 := Pv0 ⋅ Cb ⋅cos ( α ) + sin ( α )
2 2
Pn2 := Pv0 ⋅( Cb) ⋅cos ( α )
2
µ:= 0.9 ⋅µ m
Ks := 0.9 ⋅Ksm
A γ ⋅Ks 2
Pn3 := 3.0 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅sin ( α ) = 57.728 ⋅kPa
U µ
lh := 7598mm
x := 0 , 1mm .. lh
( )
x
Pn ( x) := Pn3 + Pn2 + Pn1 − Pn2 ⋅
lh
kN
Pn ( 0mm ) = 73.203 ⋅
2
m
( )
kN
Pn lh = 111.89 ⋅
2
m
3.2 The value of the wall frictional pressure
µ := 1.15µ m
Pt ( x) := Pn ( x) ⋅µ
Pt ( 0mm )
= 34 ⋅kPa
cos ( 30deg)
( )
Pt lh
= 52 ⋅kPa
cos ( 30deg)
Pt ( 0mm ) ⋅tan ( 30deg) = 17 ⋅kPa
( )
Pt lh ⋅tan ( 30deg) = 26 ⋅kPa
4.Discharge loads
4.1 Vertical walled section
h
= 1.28
dc
h − 1.0 = 1.056
Cw := 1.0 + 0.2 ⋅
dc
C0 := 1.45
h − 1.0 = 1.252
( )
Ch := 1.0 + 2 ⋅ C0 − 1 ⋅
dc
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Calculation sheet for silo
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The fixed loads
Pwe ( Z) := Cw⋅Pwf ( Z)
Pwe ( 3660mm ) = 11.667 ⋅kPa
Phe ( Z) := Ch ⋅Phf ( Z)
Phe ( 3660mm ) = 35.883 ⋅kPa
The magnitude of the discharge patch pressure
Pp ( Z) := 0.2 ⋅β ⋅Phe ( Z)
The variation of patch pressure for thin walled circular silos
the mid-height of the vertical walled section
3660mm
hmid :=
2
Z := hmid
Z = 1.83 m
h − 1.0 =
Pp ( Z) ⋅2 ⋅ 2.176 × 103 Pa
dc
θ := 0 .. 360deg
h − 1.0 ⋅cos ( θ )
Pps ( θ ) := Pp ( Z) ⋅2 ⋅
dc
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Calculation sheet for silo
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4.4 OTHER LOADS
(1)Bag filter load:
(2)Snow load
Because the load is less than the live load on the roof,so snow load is neglected.
5.SOFTWARE
The software “staad pro” shall be used for the calculation of the absorber.
The STAAD plate finite element is based on hybrid finite element formulations. A complete
quadratic stress distribution is assumed. For plane stress action, the assumed stress
distribution is as follows.
The following quadratic stress distribution is assumed for plate bending action:
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Calculation sheet for silo
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(For Mx, the unit width is a unit distance parallel to the local Y axis. For
My, the unit width is a unit distance parallel to the local X axis. Mx and My
SMAX, SMIN Principal stresses in the plane of the element (Force/unit area)
TMAX Maximum shear stress in the plane of the element (Force/unit area)
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6.CALCULATE REPORT FROM STAAD
3D Rendered View
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Calculation sheet for silo
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Calculation sheet for silo
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Calculation sheet for silo
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6.1 LOAD INPUT
LOAD 1 LOADTYPE Dead TITLE DEAD LOAD
Selfweight of shell,selfweight of support structure
Load of handrail:0.2kN/m.
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LOAD COMB 17 GENERATED EC SOLI 9
1 1.0 4 1.5
LOAD COMB 18 GENERATED EC SOLI 10
1 1.0 5 1.5
LOAD COMB 19 GENERATED EC SOLI 11
1 1.35 2 1.5 4 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 20 GENERATED EC SOLI 12
1 1.35 3 1.5 4 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 21 GENERATED EC SOLI 13
1 1.35 2 1.5 5 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 22 GENERATED EC SOLI 14
1 1.35 3 1.5 5 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 23 GENERATED EC SOLI 15
1 1.0 2 1.5 4 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 24 GENERATED EC SOLI 16
1 1.0 3 1.5 4 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 25 GENERATED EC SOLI 17
1 1.0 2 1.5 5 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 26 GENERATED EC SOLI 18
1 1.0 3 1.5 5 0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 27 GENERATED EC SOLI 19
1 1.35 2 1.5 4 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 28 GENERATED EC SOLI 20
1 1.35 3 1.5 4 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 29 GENERATED EC SOLI 21
1 1.35 2 1.5 5 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 30 GENERATED EC SOLI 22
1 1.35 3 1.5 5 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 31 GENERATED EC SOLI 23
1 1.0 2 1.5 4 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 32 GENERATED EC SOLI 24
1 1.0 3 1.5 4 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 33 GENERATED EC SOLI 25
1 1.0 2 1.5 5 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 34 GENERATED EC SOLI 26
1 1.0 3 1.5 5 1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 35 GENERATED EC SOLI 27
1 1.35 4 -1.5
LOAD COMB 36 GENERATED EC SOLI 28
1 1.35 5 -1.5
LOAD COMB 37 GENERATED EC SOLI 29
1 1.0 4 -1.5
LOAD COMB 38 GENERATED EC SOLI 30
1 1.0 5 -1.5
LOAD COMB 39 GENERATED EC SOLI 31
1 1.35 2 1.5 4 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 40 GENERATED EC SOLI 32
1 1.35 3 1.5 4 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 41 GENERATED EC SOLI 33
1 1.35 2 1.5 5 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 42 GENERATED EC SOLI 34
1 1.35 3 1.5 5 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
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LOAD COMB 43 GENERATED EC SOLI 35
1 1.0 2 1.5 4 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 44 GENERATED EC SOLI 36
1 1.0 3 1.5 4 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 45 GENERATED EC SOLI 37
1 1.0 2 1.5 5 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 46 GENERATED EC SOLI 38
1 1.0 3 1.5 5 -0.9 8 1.5 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 47 GENERATED EC SOLI 39
1 1.35 2 1.5 4 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 48 GENERATED EC SOLI 40
1 1.35 3 1.5 4 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 49 GENERATED EC SOLI 41
1 1.35 2 1.5 5 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 50 GENERATED EC SOLI 42
1 1.35 3 1.5 5 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 51 GENERATED EC SOLI 43
1 1.0 2 1.5 4 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 52 GENERATED EC SOLI 44
1 1.0 3 1.5 4 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 53 GENERATED EC SOLI 45
1 1.0 2 1.5 5 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 54 GENERATED EC SOLI 46
1 1.0 3 1.5 5 -1.5 8 1.05 6 1.5
LOAD COMB 55 GENERATED EC SOLI 47
1 1.0 2 0.8 7 1.0 8 0.2 6 0.8
LOAD COMB 56 GENERATED EC SOLI 48
1 1.0 3 0.8 7 1.0 8 0.2 6 0.8
LOAD COMB 57 GENERATED EC SOLI 49
1 1.0 2 0.8 7 -1.0 8 0.2 6 0.8
LOAD COMB 58 GENERATED EC SOLI 50
1 1.0 3 0.8 7 -1.0 8 0.2 6 0.8
LOAD COMB 59 GENERATED EC SOLI 51
1 1.0 2 1.0 4 0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 60 GENERATED EC SOLI 52
1 1.0 3 1.0 4 0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 61 GENERATED EC SOLI 53
1 1.0 2 1.0 5 0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 62 GENERATED EC SOLI 54
1 1.0 3 1.0 5 0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 63 GENERATED EC SOLI 55
1 1.0 2 1.0 4 1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 64 GENERATED EC SOLI 56
1 1.0 3 1.0 4 1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 65 GENERATED EC SOLI 57
1 1.0 2 1.0 5 1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 66 GENERATED EC SOLI 58
1 1.0 3 1.0 5 1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 67 GENERATED EC SOLI 59
1 1.0 2 1.0 4 -0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 68 GENERATED EC SOLI 60
1 1.0 3 1.0 4 -0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
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LOAD COMB 69 GENERATED EC SOLI 61
1 1.0 2 1.0 5 -0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 70 GENERATED EC SOLI 62
1 1.0 3 1.0 5 -0.6 8 1.0 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 71 GENERATED EC SOLI 63
1 1.0 2 1.0 4 -1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 72 GENERATED EC SOLI 64
1 1.0 3 1.0 4 -1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 73 GENERATED EC SOLI 65
1 1.0 2 1.0 5 -1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
LOAD COMB 74 GENERATED EC SOLI 66
1 1.0 3 1.0 5 -1.0 8 0.7 6 1.0
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Maximum in-plane circumferential tensile stress for all shell
Capacity σ =fyk/γM0=235/1.0=235MPa
Max in-plane tensile stress of all shell (108MPa) is less than 235MPa, so the shell can
pass this check.
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Calculation sheet for silo
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6.2.2 SHELL PRINCIPAL STRESS DESIGN
Maximum in-plane Principal stress for all shell
Capacity σ =fyk/γM0=235/1.0=235MPa
Max in-plane Principal stress of all shell (128MPa) is less than 235MPa, so the shell can
pass this check.
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Calculation sheet for silo
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6.2.3 WALL SHELL BUCKLING STRESS DESIGN
The boundary condition of tank:
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1). Calc. for meridional buckling stress design
Maximum in-plane meridional compressive stress
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0.2
⋅ 1 − 2 ⋅ ω ⋅
t
CxN := 1 +
Cxb r
Cx := 1.36 −
1.83 2.07
+ if ω ≤ 1.7
ω 2
ω
r
1.0 if 1.7 ≤ ω ≤ 0.5 ⋅
t
ω > 0.5 ⋅ r ∧ C ≥ 0.6
CxN if xN
t
0.6 if ω > 0.5 ⋅ ∧ 0.6 > CxN
r
t
0 otherwise
Cx = 1
The critical meridional buckling stress
t
σ xRcr := 0.605 ⋅ E⋅ Cx ⋅
r
8
σ xRcr = 4.129 × 10 Pa
2.2 Meridional buckling parameters
Fabrication tolerance quality class
class := "Class B"
Q := 40 if class "Class A"
25 if class "Class B"
16 if class "Class C"
the meridional compression fabrication quality parameter
Q = 25
the characteristic imperfection amplitude
1 r
∆w k := ⋅ ⋅t
Q t
−3
∆w k = 9.121 × 10 m
The meridional elastic imperfection factor
0.62
α x :=
1.44
∆w k
1 + 1.91
t
α x = 0.289
Note := ""
r
Note := "The factor αxpe should not be applied to cylinders" if ω > 0.5 ⋅
t
"The factor αxpe should be applied to cylinders" otherwise
Note = "The factor αxpe should be applied to cylinders"
Cxpe := 1.0
The critical meridional buckling stress
t
σ xRcrpe := 0.605 ⋅ E⋅ Cxpe ⋅
r
8
σ xRcrpe = 4.129 × 10 Pa
p
the smallest design value s of local internal pressure ps at the location of the point being
assessed
32
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
ps := 0Pa
ps r
pst := ⋅
σ xRcrpe t
pst = 0
factor covering pressure-induced elastic stabilisation
pst
(
α xpe := α x + 1 − α x ⋅ )
pst + 0.3
α
x
α xpe = 0.289
the plastic range factor ¦Â should be taken as:
β := 0.6
The value of the plastic limit relative slenderness ¦Ë¡¥p should be determined from:
αx
λ pxt :=
1−β
λ pxt = 0.85
the dimensionless shell slenderness parameter
λ xt := λ pxt
1 r
s := ⋅
400 t
s = 0.769
p
the largest design value g of local internal pressure at the location of the point being
assessed
pg := 0Pa
pg r
pgt := ⋅
σ xRcr t
pgt = 0
p 2 s 2 + 1.21λ 2
gt 1 xt
α xpp := 1 −
⋅1 −
λ xt
⋅
3 s ⋅ ( s + 1)
1.12 + s
2
α xpp = 0.477
α xp := α xpe if α xpe ≤ α xpp
α xpp otherwise
α xp = 0.289
3 Design buckling stress
meridional characteristic buckling stress
σ xRk := α xp⋅ σ xRcr
8
σ xRk = 1.193 × 10 Pa
The partial factor for resistance to buckling
γM1 := 1.1
meridional design buckling stress
σ xRk
σ xRd :=
γM1
N
σ xRd = 108.415 ⋅
2
mm
33
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
σ xRd
It is recommended that the value of adopted in the design should not be taken as
greater than the yield strength.
σxEd=52.7Mpa
Note := "design ok" if σ xEd ≤ σ xRd
"redesign" otherwise
Note = "design ok"
2). Calc. for circumferential buckling stress design
Maximum in-plane circumferential compressive stress
34
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
35
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
Cθ := 1.5 if end1 "BC1" ∧ end2 "BC1"
1.25 if end1 "BC1" ∧ end2 "BC2"
1.0 if end1 "BC2" ∧ end2 "BC2"
0.6 if end1 "BC1" ∧ end2 "BC3"
0 if end1 "BC2" ∧ end2 "BC3"
0 if end1 "BC3" ∧ end2 "BC3"
999999 otherwise
Cθs := 1.5 +
10 5
− "BC1" ∧ end2
2 3
if end1 "BC1"
ω ω
8 4
1.25 + 2 − 3 if end1 "BC1" ∧ end2 "BC2"
ω ω
1 + 3 if end1 "BC2" ∧ end2 "BC2"
1.35
ω
0.6 + 1 − 0.3 if end1 "BC1" ∧ end2 "BC3"
2 3
ω ω
"input error" otherwise
Note := ""
ω
Note := "short cylinder" if < 20
Cθ
ω r
"medium-length cylinder" if 20 ≤ ≤ 1.63 ⋅
Cθ t
ω r
"long cylinder" if > 1.63 ⋅
Cθ t
36
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
7
σ θRk = 6.003 × 10 Pa
The partial factor for resistance to buckling
γM1 := 1.1
the circumferential design buckling stress
σ θRk
σ θRd :=
γM1
N
σ θRd = 54.572 ⋅
2
mm
σ θRd
It is recommended that the value of adopted in the design should not be taken as
greater than the yield strength.
σ θEd =52.9Mpa
Note := "design ok" if σ θEd ≤ σ θRd
"redesign" otherwise
Note = "design ok"
3). Calc. for shear buckling stress design
Maximum in-plane shear stress in the local XY plane
38
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
42
Cτ := 1+ if ω < 10
3
ω
r
1.0 if 10 ≤ ω ≤ 8.7 ⋅
t
1⋅ ω⋅ t r
if ω > 8.7 ⋅
3 r t
for short cylinder
for medium-length cylinder
for long cylinder
The critical shear buckling stress should be obtained from
1 t
τ xθRcr := 0.75 ⋅ E⋅ Cτ ⋅ ⋅
ω r
8
τ xθRcr = 1.278 × 10 Pa
2.2 Shear buckling parameters
Fabrication tolerance quality class
class := "Class B"
α τ := 0.75 if class "Class A"
0.65 if class "Class B"
0.50 if class "Class C"
α τ = 0.65
3 Design buckling stress
shear critical buckling stress
τ xθRk := α τ ⋅ τ xθRcr
7
τ xθRk = 8.305 × 10 Pa
The partial factor for resistance to buckling
γM1 := 1.1
the shear design buckling stress
τ xθRk
τ xθRd :=
γM1
N
τ xθRd = 75.5 ⋅
2
mm
τ xθRd
It is recommended that the value of adopted in the design should not be taken as
greater than the yield strength.
τ xθEd =50.4Mpa
Note := "design ok" if τ xθEd ≤ τ xθRd
"redesign" otherwise
Note = "design ok"
39
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
6.2.4 CONE SHELL BUCKLING STRESS DESIGN
Maximum in-plane meridional compressive stress
40
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
Maximum in-plane circumferential compressive stress
41
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
Maximum in-plane shear stress in the local XY plane
42
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
Calc. for truncated conical shell The boundary condition of tank:
43
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
ω re
"medium-length cylinder" if 20 ≤ ≤ 1.63⋅
Cθ t
ω re
"long cylinder" if > 1.63⋅
Cθ t
46
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
Cθs t
σθRcr := 0.92⋅ E⋅ ⋅ if Note "short cylinder"
ω re
Cθ t
0.92⋅ E⋅ ω ⋅ r if Note "medium-length cylinder"
e
Cθ re
4
t 2
E⋅ r ⋅ 0.275 + 2.03⋅ ω ⋅ t if Note "long cylinder"
e
0 otherwise
7
σθRcr = 2.42 × 10 Pa
Circumferential buckling parameters
Fabrication tolerance quality class
class := "Class B"
αθ := 0.75 if class "Class A"
0.65 if class "Class B"
0.50 if class "Class C"
αθ = 0.65
2.3 Shear
For cones under shear stress, the equivalent cylinder length le should be taken as:
le := h
le = 6.58 m
r1 + r2
ρ :=
2⋅ r1
ρ = 3.232
(2) The equivalent cylinder radius
re
should be taken as:
re := 1 + ρ − ⋅ r1 ⋅ cos ( β )
1
ρ
re = 0.683 m
Critical shear buckling stresses
Note := ""
re 0.67
≤ 0.16⋅
E
Note :=
fyk
"Cylinders need not be checked against shear shell buckling" if
t
"Cylinders need be checked against shear shell buckling" otherwise
Note = "Cylinders need be checked against shear shell buckling"
42
Cτ := 1+ if ω < 10
3
ω
re
1.0 if 10 ≤ ω ≤ 8.7⋅
t
1 t re
⋅ ω⋅ if ω > 8.7⋅
3 r t
for short cylinder
for medium-length cylinder
for long cylinder
The critical shear buckling stress should be obtained from
47
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
1 t
τ xθRcr1 := 0.75⋅ E⋅ Cτ ⋅ ⋅
ω re
8
τ xθRcr1 = 4.583 × 10 Pa
Shear buckling parameters
Fabrication tolerance quality class
class := "Class B"
ατ := 0.75 if class "Class A"
0.65 if class "Class B"
0.50 if class "Class C"
ατ = 0.65
2.4 Uniform torsion
The equivalent cylinder length le should be taken as:
le := L
le = 7.598 m
sin ( β )
ρ := L⋅
r2
ρ = 0.95
The equivalent cylinder radius
re
should be taken as:
(
re := r1 ⋅ cos ( β ) ⋅ 1 − ρ )0.4
2.5
re = 0.075 m
Critical shear buckling stresses
Note := ""
re 0.67
≤ 0.16⋅
E
Note :=
fyk
"Cylinders need not be checked against shear shell buckling" if
t
"Cylinders need be checked against shear shell buckling" otherwise
Note = "Cylinders need not be checked against shear shell buckling"
42
Cτ := 1+ if ω < 10
3
ω
re
1.0 if 10 ≤ ω ≤ 8.7⋅
t
1 ω⋅ t re
⋅ if ω > 8.7⋅
3 r t
for short cylinder
for medium-length cylinder
for long cylinder
The critical shear buckling stress should be obtained from
1 t
τ xθRcr2 := 0.75⋅ E⋅ Cτ ⋅ ⋅
ω re
9
τ xθRcr2 = 4.185 × 10 Pa
Shear buckling parameters
Fabrication tolerance quality class
class := "Class B"
48
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
ατ := 0.75 if class "Class A"
0.65 if class "Class B"
0.50 if class "Class C"
ατ = 0.65
3 Design buckling stress
meridional characteristic buckling stress
σxRk := αx⋅ σxRcr
7
σxRk = 9.759 × 10 Pa
circumferential critical buckling stress
σθRk := αθ⋅ σθRcr
7
σθRk = 1.573 × 10 Pa
shear critical buckling stress
τ xθRk1 := ατ ⋅ τ xθRcr1
8
τ xθRk1 = 2.979 × 10 Pa
τ xθRk2 := ατ ⋅ τ xθRcr2
9
τ xθRk2 = 2.72 × 10 Pa
The partial factor for resistance to buckling
γM1 := 1.1
meridional design buckling stress
σxRk
σxRd :=
γM1
N
σxRd = 88.719⋅
2
mm
the circumferential design buckling stress
σθRk
σθRd :=
γM1
N
σθRd = 14.3⋅
2
mm
the shear design buckling stress
τ xθRk1
τ xθRd1 :=
γM1
N
τ xθRd1 = 270.804⋅
2
mm
τ xθRk2
τ xθRd2 :=
γM1
N
τ xθRd2 = 2473.064⋅
2
mm
σxRd := σxRd if σxRd < fyk
fyk otherwise
N
σxRd = 88.719⋅
2
mm
σθRd := σθRd if σθRd < fyk
fyk otherwise
49
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
N
σθRd = 14.3⋅
2
mm
τ xθRd1 := τ xθRd1 if τ xθRd1 < fyk
fyk otherwise
N
τ xθRd1 = 235⋅
2
mm
τ xθRd2 := τ xθRd2 if τ xθRd2 < fyk
fyk otherwise
N
τ xθRd2 = 235⋅
2
mm
σxEd=20.6Mpa
Note := "design ok" if σ xEd ≤ σ xRd
"redesign" otherwise
Note = "design ok"
σ θEd =7.17Mpa
Note := "design ok" if σ θEd ≤ σ θRd
"redesign" otherwise
Note = "design ok"
τ xθEd =31.9Mpa< τ xθRd 1
Note = "design ok"
50
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
Typical member ratio
51
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
6.3 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE CALCULATE
6.3.1 BEAM DEFLECTION CHECK
BEAM DEFLECTION CHECK OUTPUT(More detail see to STAAD output)
DEFLECTION CHECKS
LENGTH UNITS - METE
MEMBER TABLE RESULT ACTUAL DEFL. DEFL.LEN/ LOAD/
DEFL. LIMIT DFF LOCATION
=======================================================================
1281 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.014 5.657 62
400.000 0.63
1282 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1283 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1286 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1287 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1288 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.008 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1289 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.008 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1291 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.014 5.657 61
400.000 0.63
1293 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 63
400.000 0.63
1296 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.008 3.325 64
400.000 0.63
1302 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.000 0.007 2.938 63
400.000 0.63
1305 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.008 3.325 63
400.000 0.63
1307 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.007 0.014 5.657 71
400.000 0.63
1308 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.010 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1310 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 72
400.000 0.63
1311 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.007 0.014 5.657 63
400.000 0.63
1313 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1315 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 66
52
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
400.000 0.63
1317 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1319 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1321 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1322 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1323 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1324 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1328 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1337 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1338 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1339 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1340 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1341 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.007 0.014 5.657 61
400.000 0.63
1342 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.009 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1344 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.007 2.938 64
400.000 0.63
1346 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.008 3.325 63
400.000 0.63
1348 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.009 0.014 5.657 71
400.000 0.63
1349 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.009 0.014 5.657 72
400.000 0.63
1351 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.012 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1352 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.013 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1353 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1354 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
53
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
PASS 0.008 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1355 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1356 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1357 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1358 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1406 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1407 ST HN400X200 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.008 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1431 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1438 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 72
400.000 0.63
1441 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.007 0.014 5.657 65
400.000 0.63
1444 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.008 3.325 64
400.000 0.63
1445 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.008 3.325 63
400.000 0.63
1452 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.007 2.938 64
400.000 0.63
1455 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.009 0.014 5.657 71
400.000 0.63
1456 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.012 0.014 5.657 63
400.000 0.63
1457 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 62
400.000 0.63
1458 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1459 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1461 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1464 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
1467 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.014 5.657 66
400.000 0.63
54
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
1472 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.003 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1478 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.008 0.014 5.657 68
400.000 0.63
1479 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.009 0.014 5.657 72
400.000 0.63
1480 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.010 0.014 5.657 63
400.000 0.63
1481 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.013 0.014 5.657 64
400.000 0.63
1482 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1483 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.004 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1484 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1485 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.005 0.014 5.657 74
400.000 0.63
1808 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.007 2.938 64
400.000 0.63
1816 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.008 3.325 64
400.000 0.63
1833 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.002 0.008 3.325 64
400.000 0.63
1836 ST HN200X100 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.001 0.007 2.938 64
400.000 0.63
1928 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.006 0.014 5.657 62
400.000 0.63
1929 ST HN300X150 (CHINESE SECTIONS)
PASS 0.009 0.014 5.657 60
400.000 0.63
6.3.2 STORY DRIFT
STORY HEIGHT LOAD DRIFT(CM ) ECCENTRICITY RATIO
------------------------------------------------------------------------
(METE) X Z (METE)
BASE= -6.58
BASE=
56
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
4 1.10 55 0.0450 0.0449 0.0000 L / 17049
56 0.0450 0.0449 0.0000 L / 17049
57 -0.0448 -0.0448 0.0000 L / 17139
58 -0.0448 -0.0448 0.0000 L / 17139
59 -0.0030 0.0001 0.0000 L /252875
60 -0.0030 0.0001 0.0000 L /252876
61 0.0002 -0.0032 0.0000 L /243449
62 0.0002 -0.0032 0.0000 L /243450
63 -0.0052 0.0001 0.0000 L /148421
64 -0.0052 0.0001 0.0000 L /148421
65 0.0002 -0.0053 0.0000 L /145142
66 0.0002 -0.0053 0.0000 L /145142
67 0.0034 0.0001 0.0000 L /227549
68 0.0034 0.0001 0.0000 L /227549
69 0.0002 0.0033 0.0000 L /235911
70 0.0002 0.0033 0.0000 L /235909
71 0.0055 0.0001 0.0000 L /139320
72 0.0055 0.0001 0.0000 L /139320
73 0.0002 0.0054 0.0000 L /142428
74 0.0002 0.0054 0.0000 L /142428
BASE=
BASE=
BASE=
60
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
7.DYNAMIC ANALYSIS FOR SEISMIC ACTION
7.1 EFFECTIVE MASS PARTICIPATION COEFFICIENT
The data above comes from staad. The effective mass participation coefficient is 91.788%
in X-Direction and 91.753% in Z-Direction, 95.256% in Y-Direction.
61
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
7.2 VIBRATION MODE AND PERIOD
62
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
【1 FORM OF VIBRATION,T1=0.193S】
【2 FORM OF VIBRATION,T2=0.193S】
63
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
【3 FORM OF VIBRATION,T3=0.182S】
【4 FORM OF VIBRATION,T4=0.182S】
64
Calculation sheet for silo
__________________________________________________________________________
8.REACTION OF SILO.
174