Staad Manual PDF

MICROCADD
TECHNOLOGIES
- Master Reseller of Research Engineers, Inc. for

STAAD.Pro
- Best Performing Autodesk Authorized Training

Center ASEAN 1999 awarded by
AUTODESK in Maui, Hawaii
- ASEAN ATC (Authorized Autodesk Training

Center) Highest Rating Award for the
year 2000, awarded by AUTODESK in
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Recipient of “Best Instructor Award” for the

year 2000 by AUTODESK in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Acknowledgment
To all engineers, architects
To all students who participated in
our workshops
To all companies who entrusted
their staff to us for training
To Research Engineers Inc., who developed

the program
Above all,
To God Almighty.
We dedicate this manual.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Description Page
About StaadPro ....................................................................................... 1
Hardware/System Requirements ..................................... .................... 2
Loading Staad Program ......................................................................... 3
StaadPro Screen Organization ............................................................. 4
Different Modes of Opertions ................................................................. 5
Page/Sub-page menus in Modelling Mode .......................................... 6
Different Type of Structures .................................................................... 7
Unit System .............................................................................................. 8
Coordinate System ................................................................................. 8

Global Coordinate System ......................................................... 9
Cylindrical Coordinate System .................................................. 9
Reverse Cylindrical Coodinate System .................................... 10
Local Coodinate System ............................................................ 10
Beta Angle ............................................................................................... 11
How to Create New Structure ................................................................ 13
Command Formats ................................................................................. 14
Problem Initiation and Title ..................................................................... 16
Unit Specification .................................................................................... 16
Input/Output Specification ....................................................................... 17
Joint Coordinates Specification ............................................................ 17
Defining joint node using Graphical User Interface ............................. 21
Member Incidences Specification ........................................................ 23
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MICROCADD Technologies Co. http://www.microcadd.com • e-mail: mcad@microcadd.com
MAIN OFFICE: FULFILLMENT CENTERS: STAAD / Pro
Suite 504 Doña Consolacion Bldg. GIII-B Ground Floor, The Gallery Building Ground Floor, Carpark Plaza, 5th Level, SM Manila
62 Gen. Santos Ave., Cubao, Quezon City Amorsolo St., Legaspi Village, Makati City SM City North EDSA, Quezon City Manila
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Table of Contents
Creating Geometry Using Liabrary ....................................................... 26
Importing Geometry from CAD software .............................................. 31
Editing of Model Geometry

Erase ............................................................................................ 32
Copy ............................................................................................. 32
Mirror ............................................................................................ 34
Break All ...................................................................................... 35
Renumber .................................................................................... 35
Display Options
Zoom ............................................................................................ 36
Pan ............................................................................................... 37
View Selected Members only .................................................... 37
To View Tables ............................................................................ 38
To View Whole Structure ............................................................ 39
Orientation ................................................................................... 39
Configuration of display .............................................................. 41
Group Command .................................................................................... 49
Element Incidence Specification ...................................... .................... 52
Built-in Steel Section Library ................................................................. 54
Member Property Specification............................................................. 57
Group Command .................................................................................... 49
Element Incidence Specification ...................................... .................... 52
Built-in Steel Section Library ................................................................. 54
Member Property Specification............................................................. 57

Specifying Properties from steel table ...................................... 58
Prismatic Property Specification ............................................... 60
Prismatic Tapered Tube Property Specification........................ 61
Tapered Member Specification .................................................. 61
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Table of Contents
Element Property Specification.............................................................. 66
Defining of Loads
Selfweight .................................. .................................................. 70
Joint Load ................................................ .................................... 72
Member Load ................. ............................................................ 72
Uniform Load ................................................................... 73
Concentrated Load .......................................................... 74
Linearly Varying Load ..................................................... 75
Trapezoidal Load ............................................................ 76
Area / Floor Load ........................................................................ 78
Exercise Steel Truss ............................................................................... 81
Load Combination .................................................................................. 86
Global Support Specification ................................................................. 89
Analysis Specification ............................................................................ 93
Load List Command ............................................................................... 95
Parameter Specifications ...................................................................... 97
Select Optimized Command ................................................................. 99
Code Checking Command .................................................................... 100
Steel Take Off Command ....................................................................... 101
Print Specification .................................................................................. 103
Draw Specification ................................................................................. 109
Sample Input File (Steel Truss) ............................................................. 112
Tabulated Results of Steel Design ........................................................ 115
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Table of Contents
Plan of Four-Storey Commercial Bldg. ................................................. 116

Load Criteria ............................................................................... 120
Constants ..................................................................................... 121
Member Properties .................................................................... 122
Loadings ...................................................................................... 123
UBC 1997 Load Definition .................................................................... 125
Concrete Design Specification ............................................................. 127
Concrete Take Off Command ................................................................ 134
Footing Design Specification ................................................................ 136
StaadPro Toolbars .................................................................................. 151
EDP .......................................................................................................... 158
Windows .................................................................................................. 165
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About STAAD.Pro
In STAAD.Pro, the focus is on productivity. STAAD.Pro addresses the entire pro-

cess of Structural Engineering. From model development to analysis to design
drafting to detailing - and even component design - STAAD/Pro is designed to
work the way the Structural Design Office woks.
The STAAD engine provides general-purpose structural analysis and integrated

STEEL/CONCRETE/TIMBER design.
The STARDYNE engine provides advanced analysis facilities. Built around a com
prehensive finite element library, the STARDYNE engine provides powerful Dynamic,
Seismic,Non-linear, Thermal, Buckling and other advanced analysis capabilities.
The FEMKIT environment offers graphically oriented Finite Element modeling and
verification facilities - complete with 2D/3D meshing technologies and powerful
model verification tools.
The Visual Draw CAD engine allows generation of Plans, Elevations, Sections and
detail drawings. Fully integrated in the STAAD/Pro environment, Visual DRAW
provides drawings generation, editing and plotting capabilities.
The STAAD.etc is the "engineer's structural toolkit" containing various component

analysis and design module groups including foundations, masonry, timber, steel,
concrete and general analysis . As a standalone product, STAAD.etc can be used
to design small portal frames, continuous beams, footings, retaining walls, one-way
slab, connections, shear walls and much more. STAAD.etc allows the engineer to
complete the design cycle on the primary structure by analyzing and designing
several structural components or accessories within the STAAD.Pro environment
using STAAD.Pro's results database.
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Hardware Requirements
The following requirements are suggested minimums. Systems with increased

capacity provide enhanced performance.
· PC with Intel-Pentium / AMD processor.
· Graphics card and monitor with 1024x768 resolution, 256 color display (16
bit high color recommended).
· 64 MB RAM or higher.
· Windows 95/ NT 4.0 or higher operating system. The software is capable of
running in Windows NT 3.51, but, due to system limitations, some of the
features, such as Animation, may be disabled.
· Sufficient free space on the hard disk to hold the program and data files. The
disk space requirement will vary depending on the modules you are install
ing. A typical minimum is 200MB to 300MB free space.
· A multi-media ready system with sound card and speakers is needed to run
the tutorial movies and slide shows.
Note: Additional RAM, disk space, and video memory will enhance the performance
of STAAD.Pro.
Starting with STAAD.Pro Version 2001, the size of structures that the program can
handle has been increased significantly. As a result of this, the minimum amount of physical +
virtual memory required by the program also has increased to over 200MB. Users may need
to ensure that adequate amounts of virtual memory are available, and in Windows NT and
2000 systems, parameters such as paging file sizes should be large enough or span over
multiple drives if the free space on any one drive runs low.
Another issue to keep in mind is the location of the “TEMP” parameter as in the “SET
TEMP” environment variable in Windows NT and 2000 systems. While performing calcula-
tions, depending on the structure size, the program may create gigantic scratch files which
are placed in the folder location associated with the “TEMP” parameter. Users may wish to
point the “SET TEMP” variable to a folder on a drive that has disk space sufficiently large to
accommodate the requirements for large size structures.
Note: The user must have a basic familiarity with Microsoft Windows 95/NT systems
in order to use the STAAD.Pro software.
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Loading STAAD/Pro
STAAD/Pro Opening Window
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The STAAD/Pro Screen Organization
Menu bar
Toolbar
Page Control
Sub-page Control
Main Window
Data Area
Menu bar
Located at the top of the screen, the Menu bar gives access to all the facilities of STAAD/Pro.
Toolbar
The dockable Toolbar gives access to the most frequently used commands. You may also create
your own customized toolbar.
Main Window
This is the largest area at the center of the screen, where the model and the results are displayed.
Page Control
The Page Control is a set of tabs that appear to the left of the Main Window. There are two rows of
tabs for accessing Pages and Subpages. Each Pag allows access to certain Subpages. Each Subpage
allows you to perform specific tasks. The organization of the Pages, from top to bottom, represent
the logical sequence of the operations, for example, definition of beams, specification of member
properties, loading, and so on.
Each "Page" tab has a name and an icon for easy identification. The name on the tabs may or may
not appear depending on your screen resolution and the size of the STAAD/Pro window. However,
the icons on the Page Control tabs always appear.
The Pages in the Page Control area depend on the Mode of operation. The Mode of operation may be
sent from the Mode menu from the Menu bar.
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MAIN OFFICE: FULFILLMENT CENTERS: STAAD Pro
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Data Area
The right part of the screen is called Data Area, where different dialog boxes, tables, list boxes,etc
appear depending on the type of operation you are performing. For example, when you select the
Geometry|Beam Page, the Data Area contains the Node-Coordinate table and the Member- Incidence table.
When you are in the General | Load Page, the contents of the Data Area changes to display the currently
assigned Load cases and the Load Specification dialog box.
Notes:
1. Note that the tables and other dialog boxes in the Data Area are physically seperate windows. In other
words, you may move the Beam table or the Node table from their usual right corner position. If you need to see
more of the Main Window, simply maximize it. You may still access the data tables by using the Window menu from
the Menu bar.
2. The icons in the toolbar as well as in the Page Control area offer Tooltip help. If you are not sure what a
particular icon represents, simply move your mouse on top of icon and wait a moment. A floating Tooltip help will
identify the icon.
3. The STAAD/Pro menu items are not "Page"-dependent. This means that you may access any menu item at
any point in time. For example, in the Geometry | Beam Page, you may select menu command sequence Commands
|Material Constants | Material Table... to edit a material table. Similarly, the toolbar items are also independent
of the Page.
The "Mode" of Operation

STAAD/Pro offers you several "Modes" of operation. These modes may be accessed through the Mode
menu from the Menu bar. The tabbed items in the Page Control area change depending on the current Mode.
A check mark beside the menu item indicates that the specific menu item is selected.
Modeling
In the Modeling(Pre-processing) mode, you generate your model geometry, specify loads, supports,
and so on. By default, when the program starts or a structure is opened, you always in the Modeling
mode.
Post Processing
The Post Processing mode allows you to perform post-analysis result verification, query, report
generation, so on.
Piping
The Piping mode allows ADLPIPE geometry to be viewed along with structure geometry in the
STAAD/Pro Graphical Environment.
The Modeling Mode

The Modeling Mode offers graphical facilities for building the model, specifying Member
properties, Supports, Loads, etc. This is the default Mode in STAAD/Pro.
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The Pages in the Modeling Mode
Sub-Page Purpose
Specify job-related information such as job
Setup Job name, client name, revision details, etc.
Specify Frame members along withNodes.
Geometry Beam Use grids to generate members graphically.
Use tables to specify Node Coordinates,
Member incidences, Member orientation
(Beta Angle) etc.
Specify Plate elements along with nodes.
Plate Use grids to generate elements graphically.
Use tables to specify Node Coordinates and
Element incidences.
Specify solid elements. Use grids to
Solid generate elements graphically. Use tables
to specify Node Coordinates and Element
incidences.
Specify Member Properties, such as
General Property sections, materials, etc. Properties are
identified by Property Numbers, which are
referred to in the Beam Plate, and Solid
tables in the respective pages.
Advanced member related specifications,

Spec such as Member Releases, Tension-only
members, etc.
Create and assign Supports with re-
Support strained DOF's.
Load Specify Loads on Structure.
Defines items to be included in the Output

Page Analysis/ Pre-print file before analysis
Print
Specifies the type of STAAD/Pro analysis
Analysis to be performed.
Sub-Page Specifies items to be included in the

Post-Print Output file after analysis
Design Steel
Concrete Specifies Design related parameters for
corresponding type of design.
Timber
Aluminum
Footing
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TYPE OF STRUCTURES
A Structure is defined as an assemblage of components or elements. Almost any type of
structure can be analyzed consisting of both frame and plate/shell elements.
SPACE - is a three dimensional framed structure with loads applied in any plane.
PLANE - is a structure bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with loads in the same plane.
FLOOR - is a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal (global X and Z) applied
loads or any load which may cause any horizontal movement of the structure. The floor framing
(in global X-Z plane) of a building is an ideal example of FLOOR structure. Columns can also be
modeled with the floor in FLOOR structure as long as the structure has no horizontal loading. If
there is any horizontal load, it must be analyzed as a SPACE structure.
TRUSS (2D or 3D)- is a structure consists of truss members which can have only axial member
forces and no bending in the members.
Note:
Specification of the correct structure type reduces the number of equations to be solved
during analysis. The results is a faster and more economic solution for the user. The degree of
freedom associated with frame elements of different types of structures below.
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UNIT SYSTEM
(EQUIVALENT ICON)
The user is allowed to input data and request output in almost all commonly used
engineering unit systems including MKS, SI and FPS. In input file, the user may change
units as many times as required. Mix and match between length and force units from
different unit systems is also allowed. The input-unit for angles (or rotations) is de-
grees. However, in JOINT DISPLACEMENT output, the rotations are provided in radi-
ans. For all output, the units are clearly specified by the program.
STRUCTURE GEOMETRY AND COORDINATE SYSTEM

A structure is an assembly of individual components such as beams, columns, slabs,
plates etc.. In STAAD, frame elements and plate elements may be used to model the
structural components. Typically, modeling of the structure geometry consists of two
steps:
A. Identification and description of joints or nodes.
B. Modeling of members or elements through specification of connectivity (inci-

dences) between joints
In general, the term MEMBER will be used to refer to frame elements and term
ELEMENT will be used to refer to plate/shell and solid elements. Connectivity for
MEMBERs may be provided through the ELEMENT INCIDENCE command.
STAAD uses two types of coordinate systems to define the structure geometry and
loading patterns. The GLOBAL coordinate system is an arbitrary coordinate system in
space which utilized to specify the overall geometry & loading pattern of the structure.
A LOCAL coordinate system is associated with each member ( or element) and is
utilized in MEMBER END FORCE output or local load specification.
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Global Coordinate System
Conventional Cartesian Coordinate System
This coordinate system is a rectangular coordinate system ( X, Y , Z ) which follows
the orthogonal right hand rule. This coordinate system may be used to define the
joint locations and loading directions. The translational degrees of freedom are
denoted by u1, u2, u3 and the rotational degrees of freedom are denoted by u4,u5
& u6. X
Y Z
The Right hand rule
Cylindrical Coordinate System

In this coordinate system, the X and Y coordinates of the conventional cartesian
system are replaced by R (radius) and 0 (angle in degrees). The Z coordinate is
identical to the Z coordinate of the cartesian system and its positive direction is
determined by the right hand rule.
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Reverse Cylindrical Coordinate System
This is a cylindrical type coordinate system where the R-O plane corresponds to the
X-Z plane of the cartesian system. The right hand rule is followed to determine the
positive direction of the Y-axis.
Local Coordinate System

A local coordinate system is associated with each member. Each axis of the local
orthogonal coordinate system is also based on the right hand rule.The right hand
rule may be applied to obtain the positive directions of the local y and z axes. The
local y and z-axes coincide with the axes of the two principal moments of inertia.
Note that the local coordinate system is always rectangular.
Local axis for different cross-sections
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Relationship Between Global & Local Coordinates
Since the input for member loads can be provided in the local and global coordinate
system and the output for member-end-forces is printed in the local coordinate
system, it is important to know the relationship between the local and global coordi-
nate systems. This relationship is defined by an angle measured in the following
β) angle.
specified way. This angle will be defined as the beta (β
Beta Angle
When the local x-axis is parallel to the global Y-axis, as in the case of a column in a
structure, the beta angle is the angle through which the local z-axis has been rotated
about the local x-axis from a position of being parallel and in the same positive direc-
tion of the global Z-axis.
When the local x-axis is not parallel to the global Y-axis, the beta angle is the angle
through which the local coordinate system has been rotated about the local x-axis
from a position of having the local z-axis parallel to the global X-Z plane and the local
y-axis in the same positive direction as the global Y-axis. Figure below details the
position for beta angles 0 degrees or 90 degrees. When providing member loads in
the local member axis, it is helpful to refer to this figure for a quick determination of
the local axis system.
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Exercise
Define the beta angle
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Creating a New Structure
STEP 1. To create new structure, first click File
menu then New
STEP 2. A dialog box will appear as shown below

to select type of structure then click Next
STEP 3. Select the unit for length and force. You may click Back if you
wish to go back to previous dialog box.
STEP 4. Click Finish.
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Command Formats
A. Free-Format Input
All input to STAAD Pro is in free-format style. Input data items should be separated by blank spaces
or commas from the other input data items. Quotation marks are never needed to separate any
alphabetic words such as data commands or titles.
B. Commenting Input
For documentation of a STAAD Pro data file, the facility to provide comments is available. Comments
can be included by providing an asterisk (*) mark as the first non-blank character in any line. The
line with the comment is "echoed" in the output file but not processed by the program.
Example:
JOINT COORDINATES
* coordinate of each node ( this is only a comment line)
1000
etc.
C. Meaning of Underlining in the Manual

Many words in the commands and data may be abbreviated. The full word intended is given in the
command description with the portion actually required (the abbreviation ) underlined.
For example, if the word MEMBER is used in a command, only the portion MEMB need be input. It is
clearer for others reading the output if the entire word is used, but an experience user may desire
to use the abbreviations.
D. Meaning of Braces and Parenthesis
In some command formats, braces enclose a number of choices, which are arranged vertically. One
and only one of the choices can be selected. However, several of the listed choices may be selected
if an asterisk(*) mark is located outside the braces.
Example:
{ }
XY
YZ
XZ
In the above example, the user must make a choice of XY or YZ or XZ.
Example:
{ }
FX *
FY
FZ
Here the user can choose one or all of the listing (FX, FY, FZ) in any order. Parentheses, ( ) ,
enclosing a portion of a command indicate that the enclosed portion is optional. The presence or
absence of this portion affects the meaning of the command, as is explained in the description of the
particular command.
Example:
PRINT (MEMBER) FORCES
PERFORM ANALYSIS (PRINT LOAD DATA)
In the first line, the word MEMBER may be omitted with no change of the meaning of the command.
PRINT LOAD DATA
these words can be omitted, in which case the load data will not be printed
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E. Multiple Data Separator
Multiple data can be provided on a single line, if they are separated by a semicolon (;) character.
One restriction is that consecutive commands can not be separated by a semicolon. They must
appear on separate lines.
Example:
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4
etc.
INCORRECT
PRINT FORCES; PRINT STRESSES
In the above case, only the PRINT FORCES comand is processed and the PRINT STRESSES is ignored
F. Listing Data
In some STAAD command descriptions, the word "list" is used to identify a list of joints, members/
elements or loading cases. The format of a list can be defined as follows
{ }
i1,i2,i3,...
list = *
i1 TO i2 (BY i3)
X or Y or Z
TO means all integers from the list (i1) to the second (i2) inclusive. BY means that the numbers are
incremented by an amount equal to the third data item (i3). If BY i3 is omitted, the increment will
be set to one. Sometimes the list may be too long to fit on one line, in which case the list may be
continued to the next line by providing a hyphen preceded by a blank. Also note that only a list may
be continued and not only other type of data.
Only lists may be continued to the next line by ending the line with a blank and hyphen with few
exceptions: Multilinear spring supports, Supports, Master/Slave. Others have special types of
continuations.
Instead of a numerical list, the specification X (or Y or Z) may be used. This specification will
include all MEMBERs parallel to the global direction specified. Note that this is not applicable to
JOINTs or ELEMENTs. Do not use "ALL" unless the documentation for a command specifially mentions
ALL.
EXAMPLE:
2 4 7 TO 13 BY 2 19 TO 22-
28 31 TO 33 FX 10.0
This list of items is the same as:
2 4 7 9 11 13 19 21 28 31 32 33 FX 10.0
POSSIBLE ERROR:
3 5 TO 9 11 15 -
FX 10.0
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Problem Initiation And Title
Purpose
This command initiates the STAAD run, allows the user the specify the type of the structure
and an optional title.
General format:
{ }
PLA NE
PLANE
STAAD SPA CE
SPACE (any title a1)
TRU SS
TRUSS
FLO OR
FLOOR
Description
Any STAAD input has to start with the word STAAD. Following type specifications are
available:
PLANE = Plane frame structure
SPACE = Space frame structure
TRUSS = Plane or space truss structure
FLOOR = Floor structure
a1= Any title for the problem. This title will appear on the top of every output page. To include
additional information in the page header, use a comment line containing the pertinent information
as the second line of input
Limits
1) Joint numbers: 1 to 999999
2) Number of Joints 100000*
3) Membe/Element numbers: 1 to 999999
4) Number of Members & Elements: 100000*
5) Load Case numbers: 1 to 99999
6) Number of primary
& combination cases 500
* Some STAAD copies are available with much smaller limits, please check what limits you have
purchased.
Unit Specification
Purpose
This command allows the user to specify or change length and force units for input and
output.
{ }{ }
length-unit=force-unit= KIP INC HES
INCHES
General format:
POUND FEE
FEETT or FT
{ }
* KG CM
length-unit MTON METER
UNI T NEWTON MMS
force-unit
KNS DME
MNS K M
Note: DNS
DME denotes Decimeters. MNS denotes mega Newtons (1000 Newtons)
and DNS denotes DecaNewtons (10 newtons). MTON denotes Metric Ton (1000 kilograms)
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Input/Output Width Specification
Purpose
These commands may be used to specify the width(s) of the lines of output file(s).
General format:
{ }
INP UT
INPUT
WIDTH i1
OUTPUT
For OUTPUT WIDTH,

i1 = 72 or 118 depending on narrow or wide output.
Description
The user may specify the required input/output width, as required, using this command. For INPUT
width, 79 is always used. The program can create output using two different output widths - 72
(default) and 118. The 72-character width may be used for display on most CRT's and for printing
on 8-1/2" wide paper. The 118-character width may be used for printing on 11" wide paper.
Joint Coordinates Specification

Purpose
These commands allow the user to specify and generate the coordinates of the JOINTs of
the structure. The JOINT COORDINATES command initiates the specification of the coordi
nates. The REPEAT and REPEAT ALL command allow easy generation of coordinates using
repetitive patterns.
General format:
JOINT COORDINATES (CYLINDRICAL (REVERSE)) (NOCHECK)

band-spec i1,x1,y1,z1,(i2,x2,y2,z2,i3)
REPEAT n,x1,y1,z1, (xi2,yi2,zi2,....,xin,yin,zin)
REPEAT ALL n,x1,y1,z1, (xi2,yi2,zi2,....,xin,yin,zin)
band-spec = (NOREDUCE BAND)
NOCHECK = Do not perform check for multiple structures or orphan joints
The command JOINT COORDINATES specifies a Cartesian Coordinate System. Joints are defined using
the global X, Y and Z coordinates. The command JOINT COORDINATES CYLINDRICAL specifies a Cylindri-
cal Coordinate System. Joints are defined using r, θ and z coordinates. JOINT COORDINATES CYLINDRICAL
REVERSE specifies a Reverse Cylindrical Coordinate system. Joints are defined using r, θ and y coordinates.
NOREDUCE BAND causes the program to execute without performing a bandwidth reduction. The REPEAT
command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n' number of times with specified coordinate
increments. The REPEAT ALL command functions similar to the REPEAT command except that it repeats all
previously specified input back to the most recent REPEAT ALL command, or all joint data if no previous
REPEAT ALL command has been given. (When using the REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands, joint number-
ing must be consecutive and should begin with 1).
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* i1 = The joint number for which the coordinate are provided. Any integer number (five
digit max.) is permitted.
x1, y1 and z1 = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z for cylindrical or R, Y & θ for cylindrical reverse) coordinates of
the joint.
For PLANE analyses z1 is an optional data item when defining input for individual joints. z1 is always
required for joint generation. The following are used only if joints are to be generated.
* i2 = The second joint number to which the joint coordinates are generated.
x2, y2 and z2 = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z for cylindrical or R, Y & θ for cylindrical reverse) coordinates of
the joint i2.
i3 = Joint number increment by which the generated joints will be incremented. Defaults
to 1 if left out.
n= Number of times repeat is to be carried out. Note that "n" cannot exceed 98 in any
one single REPEAT command
xik, yik and zik = X, Y & Z ( R, θ & Z [R, Y & θ ] ) coordinates increments of the k th repeat.
The X, Y and Z (R, θ & Z [R, Y & θ ] ) coordinates will be equally spaced between i1 and i2.
* Note that the REPEAT command uses the highest joint number entered so far plus one for the intermediate
generated joint numbers.
EXAMPLE element
no. joint no.
member number
1 2 3 4 5
0,0,0 1 2 3 4
X
Z n = JOINT NO.
13 1 14 2 15 3 16 4 17
6.00 n = MEMBER NO.
6 7 8 9 10 n = ELEMENT NO.
5 6 7 8
18 5 19 6 20 7 21 8 22 6.00
11 12 13 14 15
9 10 11 12
4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 Note:
Member - columns, beams, girders
Element - slabs, retaining walls
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STAAD SPACE Sample joint coordinates STA SPA Sample joint coordinates
INPUT WIDTH 72 INP WID 72
UNIT METER KNS UNI MET KNS
JOINT COORDINATES JOI COO
* jt no. x y z 1 0 0 0; 2 4 0 0; 3 8 0 0
1 0 0 0 4 12 0 0; 5 16 0 0; 6 0 0 6
2 4 0 0 7 4 0 6; ......
3 8 0 0
4 12 0 0
5 16 0 0
6 0 0 6
7 4 0 6
..........
or
it could rewrite as:
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0 5 16 0 0
REPEAT 2 0 0 6
EXERCISE:
Define the joint coordinates of the structure below.
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STEP 1. Assign joint number for every joint
6
5 7
4 8
3 9
2 10
1
11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
STEP 2. Create a new structure from File menu.

or click the equivalent icon
Specify type of structure, and units
STEP 3. Save the structure file first before you invoke the Command file editor.
STEP 4. You can now click Editor icon.
STEP 5. Type in the joint coordinates.
STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSS
START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 10-May-01
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0 0 0; 2 1.5 0.4 0; 3 3 0.8 0; 4 4.5 1.2 0; 5 6 1.6 0; 6 7.5 2 0; 7 9 1.6 0;
8 10.5 1.2 0; 9 12 0.8 0; 10 13.5 0.4 0; 11 15 0 0; 12 1.5 0 0; 13 3 0 0;
14 4.5 0 0; 15 6 0 0; 16 7.5 0 0; 17 9 0 0; 18 10.5 0 0; 19 12 0 0;
20 13.5 0 0
FINISH
STEP 6. Save the input file then exit. (back to graphical environment)
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DEFINING JOINT NODE USING GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE
Steps:
1. Create a new structure.
2. Click Snap/Node Beam icon Note: You may change the view for a better view(top view).
0.40
2.0m@0.4spacing=(2/0.4=5) 0.40
0.40
0.40
0.40
1.5m 15 m @ 1.5 spacing(15/1.5=10)
3. Define the parameters in Snap Node Beam window
under Construction line

Spacing m
X(Left =0 Right=10) 1.5
Y(Left = 0 Right=5 ) 0.4
Snap Node Beam is pressed
4. You can now start defining the node by pressing the left button
of your mouse. Start @ node #1 up to 11. Once you are at
node 11 pick node #1. Click Undo to undo the last node. Click
again node 1 then continue defining up to node #20.
Make sure that before you select again node 1, Snap to existing
nodes too is selected.
5. Save your File(TRUSS).
Note: To display node number & node points. Press right click
then select Labels...
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Editing the Node Geometry
You can edit the coordinate of each node,
By displaying node coordinates.
Step: Click Geometry under Page Control. On the right side of the screen, a window will
display for node coordinates. You can edit the coordinate of each node by selecting the node
number you want to edit. You can also use the window to verify the to where the node is
located by selecting the node no. on the node window and the program will highlight the
node on the graphical window.
Editing the node coodinates using Command Editor.
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Member Incidences Specification
Purpose
This set of commands is used to specify MEMBERs by defining connectivity between
JOINTs. REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands are available to facilitate generation of repeti-
tive patterns.
The member/element incidences must be defined such that the model developed represents
one single structure only, not two or more separate structures. STAAD is capable of detect-
ing multiple structures automatically.
General format:
MEMBER INCIDENCES
i1,i2, i3,(i4, i5,i6)
REPEAT n, mi , ji
REPEAT ALL n, mi , ji
Description
The REPEAT command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n'
number of times with specified member and joint increments. The REPEAT ALL com-
mand functions similar to the REPEAT command except that it repeats all previously
specified input back to the most recent REPEAT ALL command or to the beginning of
the specification. (When using REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands, member number
ing must be consecutive)
i1 = Member number for which incidences are provided. Any integer number
(maximum six digits ) is permitted
i2 = Start joint number.
i3 = End joint number.
The following data are used for member generation only.
i4 = Second member number to which members will be generated

i5 = Member number increment for generation
i6 = Joint number increment which will be added to the incident joints. (i5 and i6
will default to 1 if left out)
n = Number of times repeat is to be carried out
mi = Member number increment
ji = Joint number increment.
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Example starting joint
member number
ending joint
1 2 3 4 5 MEMBER INCIDENCES
0,0,0 1 2 3 4 * MEMB. ST. END
X * NO. JT. JT.
Z
1 1 2
13 14 15 16 17 2 2 3
6.00 3 3 4
4 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 5 6 7
5 6 7 8 6 7 8
7 8 9
18 19 20 21 22 6.00 8 9 10
9 11 12
10 12 13
11 12 13 14 15
9 10 11 12 11 13 14
12 14 15
4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 13 1 6
.......
22 10 15
EXERCISE:
Define the members of the previous exercise.
starting joint
MEMBER NO.
5 6 6
ending joint 4 5 7
7
3 4 8
23 15 8
2 3 16 9 9
21 22 17
1 2 14 24 10
20 12 13 25 18 10
1 26 27 11
28 12 13 30 14 31 15 32 16 17 18 19 36 20 37
29 33 34 35
11 19
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STEP 1. Open your file with node coordinates(TRUSS)
STEP 2. Click STAAD Editor icon.
STEP 3. Include the MEMBER INCIDENCES in the editor.

STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSS
START JOB INFORMATION ALTERNATIVE:
ENGINEER DATE ...
END JOB INFORMATION
INPUT WIDTH 79 STAAD TRUSS DESIGN OF TRUSS
UNIT METER KN START JOB INFORMATION
JOINT COORDINATES ENGINEER DATE ...
..... END JOB INFORMATION
MEMBER INCIDENCES INPUT WIDTH 79
1 1 2 UNIT METER KN
2 2 3 JOINT COORDINATES
3 3 4 .....
4 4 5 MEMBER INCIDENCES
5 5 6 1 1 2 10 1 1
6 6 7 joint number increment
7 7 8 member no. increment
8 8 9 member no
9 9 10
10 10 11 11 2 12 19 1 1 can be omitted
11 2 12 20 2 13 23 1 1
12 3 13 24 7 16 27 1 1
13 4 14 28 1 12
14 5 15 29 12 13 36 1 1
15 6 16 37 20 11
16 7 17 FINISH
17 8 18
18 9 19
19 10 20
20 2 13
21 3 14
22 4 15
23 5 16
24 7 16
25 8 17
26 9 18
27 10 19
28 1 12
29 12 13
30 13 14
31 14 15
32 15 16
33 16 17
34 17 18
35 18 19
36 19 20
37 20 11
FINISH
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Creating Geometry using Library
STEP 1. Create new structure file.
STEP 2. Click Geometry (menu) then Run Structure Wizard.
STEP 3. Click the plus(+) beside Prototype Models

to collapse the options
STEP 4. Click the plus(+) beside Trusses

to collapse the options
STEP 5. Double click the name of the truss

you want to create. (HOWE ROOF)
PRATT LATTICE
HOWE BRIDGE WARREN
HOWE ROOF NORTH LIGHT
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STEP 5. Before you define the parameter, you may change the unit of input (i.e. meter). Click File (menu),
then Select unit option. After parameter has been defined
click OK to tranfers the geometry to the STAAD Pro.
3rd 1st bay alo

2nd ng
width
width
height
length
Length = 15 No. of bays along length = 10

Height = 2
Width = 0 No. of bays along width = 0
note: unit (meter)
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EXERCISE
Create a model for the structure below.
STEP 1. Create new structure file then Save.
STEP 2. Define preliminary joints. Use Command File editor. Click editor icon.
STAAD TRUSS
3 START JOB INFORMATION
ENGINEER DATE 22-May-01
END JOB INFORMATION
4 INPUT WIDTH 79
2
UNIT METER KN
JOINT COORDINATES
5 1 0 0 0; 2 0 .4 0 ; 3
1
3.5 1.5 0
4 7 .4 0; 5 7 0 0
FINISH
Note: Save your input file.
STEP 3. Click Add beam icon. Once the beam pointer is displayed, you can start
clicking the node in sequence you want.
STEP 4. Click Insert node icon. Click the member you want to add node.
click this member
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ending joint
starting joint
OPTIONS:
- to insert node from starting joint with specific distance
Example
starting joint joint to be ending joint

1.5m added
Step 1. Type in the distance you need in Distance box.

(Note: Reference pt. is always at the starting joint)
2. After defining the distance, click the Add New Point button.
Note: You can repeat the procedure to insert more nodes.
- to insert node at the middle of the entire length of the se-

lected member,thus, creating two equal length of segment
joint to be
Example added
starting joint ending joint

L/2 L/2
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- to insert nodes with equal distance
joints to be added
Example
starting joint ending joint

1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
STEPS:
1. Define the
distance
2. Specify the
no. of
nodes to be
added
3. Click the Add n

Points button
Note: Follow the same procedure as mentioned in the previous pages to complete
the model.
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Importing Geometry from CAD Software
In AutoCAD, apply the command DXFOUT, then define a filename.
1. In STAAD, click File(top menu), 3. Select the file, then click Open
select Import option
4. Choose the Structure Convention then OK.
2. Select the type of file format

(3D DXF), then click Import
Note: Convention of axis in STAAD is different

from the other program(i.e. AUTOCAD)
Z Y
Y X Z X
AUTOCAD STAAD
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Editing of Model Geometry
ERASE - to delete node or member
Steps:
1. Select the member/node you want to delete.
1.1 Use node cursor to select the node.
1.2 Use geometry cursor to select the member.
Note: You can even select the member/node by applying

window selection. b
a
2. After selecting node/member, you may press Delete key or click
Cut icon.
Result:
COPY
Translational Repeat
-allows you to copy (or repeat) the entire structure or a portion of
the structure in a linear direction. You may generate one or several
copies of the selected structure.
Steps:
1. Select the members you want to copy.
B
A
2. Click the Translational repeat or click Geometry(menu)
3. Specify the parameter in the dialog box then click ok.

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Result:
Options:
Global Direction
Choose any one of the three possible global directions along which the structure
should be copied.
No of Steps
Specify the number of copies you want.
Default Step Spacing
Type the default spacing between steps (or copies) in the edit box in current length
units.
Step Spacing table
This table consists of two columns: Step and Spacing. You may change the spacing
of any step in this table.
Link Steps/ Open Base
If you want to automatically connect the Steps or copies by new members, along the
specified global directions, check the Link Steps check box. To avoid joining the base
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MIRROR
- allows you to copy or move the entire structure or a portion of it by “mirroring”
about any plane parallel to one of the three global Cartesian planes.
Example: Result:
Steps:
1. Select the members you want to duplicate.
2. Define the parameters in the dialog box.
Options:
Mirror Plane Direction
Choose one of the three global planes to mirror the selected geometry
about.
Distance to Origin
Provide the normal distance of the plane of reflection from the origin.
Generate Mode
Select either the Copy or Move radio button. The Copy option generates
new geometry, and the Move option changes the coordinates of the
selected geometry.
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Break All (Geometry -top menu)
This option allows you to break intersecting members, creating a new node at the
intersection.
Note:
When you choose the Break All menu item after selecting part or all geometry,
members are split and nodes are inserted where members cross. The original members
are split with automatic generation of node and member numbers, member properties
and loads.
B
Step:
1. Select the geometry. node added after
BREAK ALL command
2. Click Geometry(top menu),
click Break All option.
RENUMBER (top menu)

The Renumber menu item allows you to renumber selected nodes, members or
elements starting with a specified number.
* Node
Geometry | Renumber | Nodes… is used to renumber selected nodes, starting with a
specified node number.
* Beam
Geometry | Renumber | Members… is used to renumber selected beams, starting with
a speci fied beam number.
* Plates
Geometry | Renumber | Plates… is used to renumber selected plate elements, starting
with a specified plate element number.
* Solids
Geometry | Renumber | Solids… is used to renumber selected solid elements, starting
with a specified solid element number.
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DISPLAY OPTIONS
View | Zoom
The Zoom menu option offers a set of sub-menu options as
shown below
Zoom Window
The Zoom window option allows you to enlarge portion of the
structure, chosen by window selection. The selected portion
now fills the entire view window.
The basic difference between Zoom Window and Dynamic Zoom is that
the latter portion creates a new view window, while the Zoom Window
option displays the selected portion in the same window.
Zoom Factor
The Zoom Factor option allows you to magnify or reduce the current view by a factor, which is pro-
vided in the Enter Factor spin box as shown below. Enter a factor greater than 1 to magnify, enter a
fraction less than 1 to reduce.
Zoom In
The Zoom In option magnifies or enlarges the structure view by a pre-defined factor.
Zoom Out
The Zoom Out option reduces or shrinks the structure view by a pre-defined factor.
Zoom All
The Zoom All option displays the entire structure in the current view window.
Dynamic Zoom
The Dynamic Zoom allows you to enlarge a portion of the structure chosen by window selection.
The selected portion appears in a new view window.
Previous
The Previous option allows you to restore to the view associated with the previous zoom factor.
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62 Gen. Santos Ave., Cubao, Quezon City Amorsolo St., Legaspi Village, Makati City SM City North EDSA, Quezon City
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View | Pan
This option allows you to pan (slide or shift) the structure in the current view window in any direction.
Description:
When you select this menu option, a hand cursor appears. Click the left mouse button and drag
the structure to a new position in the view window. Release the mouse to finish. Click on this menu
option again to cancel the Pan mode.
View | View Selected Objects Only

The purpose of this optin is to view only the selected members and elements and hide the rest of the
structure.
Description:
Before you select this menu option, select the members, plates and solids you want to view. You
may need t select the appropriate cursor using the Select menu for selecting the structural elements.
Next Click on this menu item. Only the highlighted objects are now displayed in the view window.
1. Click Point A & B 3. To restore the entrire view of the structure.
click View(menu)|View Selected objects
A again.
2. Click View(menu)|View
Selected objects
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View | Tables
This option allows you to display and close different tables, such as Node coordinates, Beam
incideneces, Node displacements, etc.
Description:
When you select this menu option, the following dialog box appears:
Tables
Check the associated boxes for the tables you want to display. For the currently displayed tables, the
boxes would automatically checked. To close a table, leave the associated box blank.
List
These check boxes control which tables are displayed in the Tables list. To display the list of available
input related tables, check Analysis Input box. To display the output related tables, check the Analysis
Results box.
Example of Table(Node)
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View | Whole Structure
This option allows you to create a new view window containing the entire structure.
Description:
When you click on this option, the program opens a new view window showing the whole
structure. Multiple view windows of the same structure may be created for displaying different por-
tions of the model or for verifying post-analysis results.
View | Orientation
The purpose of this option is to modify the view orientation of the structure, such as Plan view,
Elevation view, Perspective view
Description:
When you click on this option, the following dialog box appears.
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Isometric
This option allows you to display the structure in default isometric view (with 70 degree Elevation angle
and 330 degree Rotation Angle).
Isometric (Side View) Isometric (Front View)
Isometric (Plan View) Isometric (3D View)

Perspectives
This option allows you to display the perspective view of the structure. The viewing distance and angles
can be changed by changing one of the three options - Distance to Structure, Elevation Angle, Rotation
Angle.
Distance to Structure
This value indicates the distance of the eye (or camera) from the structure in the perspective view.
You may enter this value or use the spin control to increase or decrease the current value.
Elevation Angle
This value indicates the rotation angle of the eye about an axis, which is lying horizontal on the
screen and passing through the center of the screen. You may enter this value or use the spin
control to increase or decrease the current value.s
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Rotation Angle
This value indicates the rotational angle of the eye about an axis, which is lying vertical on the screen
and passing through the center of the screen. You may enter this value or use the spin control to
increase or decrease the current value.
Default Orientation To
The orientation of the structure may be set to a view defined by one of these four options.
Apply Immediately
Any changes made through the Orientation dialog box may be immediately reflected in the
current view by checking this box.
Restore
Use this button for restoring the original view.
Apply
Use this button for applying the view orientation data in the current view.
View | Structure Diagram

This option allows you to customize the view of the structure by setting different view-related param-
eters.
Description:
When you click on this option, the following dialog box appears:
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Structure
The Structure tab page allows you to set up structural view parameters as explained below:
3D Sections
The buttons in this group control how the members are displayed.
None
Displays the structure without considering the cross-sectional properties of the mem-
bers and elements
Full Sections
Displays the 3D cross-sections of members, depending on the member properties
Sections Outline
Displays only the outline of the cross-sections of members
View
The check box in this group allow additional view-related operations on the structure.
Fill Plates/Solids
Fills up the plate and solid elements, if present
Hide Plates/Solids
Hides all plate and solid elements from the view
Hide Structure
Hides the entire structure from view. This option may be used to switch off the original structure
view while displaying the deflected shape of the structure or the module shapes.
Show Center Lines
Diplays the centerlines of the members
Shrink
Displays the individual structural elements detached from each other and helps to view their
connec tivity. The individual members are not drawn to full length or full width but
shrunk by a percentage provided in the associated edit box.
Perspective
Change current view to perspective
Margin around Structure
Represents the blank margin around the structure in percentage of the total view window. This
option has the same effect as Zoom-in or Zoom-out
Loads and Results

The Loads and Results tab, allows you to select the Load Case and the associated analysis results
for viewing.
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Load Case
Allows you to select the load case
number for which the results would
be displayed.
Loads
Allows you to display and change the
color of applied loads (Direct or Moment) on
the structure for the selected Load Case.
Beam Forces
Allows you to display different end
forces on the structure for the selected
Load Case. Also offers control of the color of
these force diagrams.
Deflection
color of the displacement diagram.
Mode Shape
color of the mode shape diagram and
select Mode Shape number.
Scales
The Scales tab, allows you to specify
the scales for plotting the different dia-
grams as shown below. Note: a larger
scale number causes the diagram to
shrink and a smaller scale number en-
larges the diagram.
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Labels
The Labels tab, allows you to select various display
labels for different components of the structure.
Nodes
The Node Numbers option displays the node
numbers on screen.
The Node Points option identifies the nodes
with a small circle.
The Supports option displays the support
icons at the nodes.
The Dimension option displays the member
lengths in current units
Properties
The References option displays the Property
Tag number of the member/element properties.
Sections displays the section name (such as
W12x26).
None removes the display of property information.
General Beam
If loads are displayed in the view window (see The Beam Numbers option displays the
Results tab in the same dialog box), member numbers on the frame members.
Load Values displays the values of the loads Beam Orientation displays an icon showing
on screen. the local axis of the members. The arrow
The Axes option displays the axis icon at the indicates the positive direction of the local
left bottom corner of the view window. x-axis. The local y-axis is in the direction of
The Material option displays the name of any the thicker flange. Please note that the I
material assigned using the General | symbol is used regardless of the actual
Material page section type.
The Beam Spec option displays beam specifi-
cations which have been assigned, such as
truss and tension only members.
The Releases option displays the member
releases.
Plates
The Plate Numbers option displays the plate
element numbers.
The Plate Orientation option displays the local
axis system for plates.
Solids
Solid Numbers option displays the solid
element numbers.
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Force Limits
The Force Limits tab, allows you to identify
the members having the force values lying inside
or outside the specified ranges.
Load Case
Select the Load Case for which you want to
display the diagram.
Forces
Select the force type from the list of available
options, such as Axial, Shear YY, Bending
ZZ, etc. Provide the range in the associated
edit box under Minimum and Maximum.
View Limits
The buttons under this group determine which
members are going to be highlighted. The
Exceed Either option highlights any member
whose forces exceed either the Maximum or
the Minimum values.
Exceed Maximum option highlights only the
members whose forces exceed the Maximum
values.
Exceed Minimum option highlights only the
members whose forces exceed the Minimum
values.
Color Within Limit
Allows you to change the color and width of
the force diagram when the forces fall
within the view limits.
Color Outside Limit
Allows you to change the color and width of
the force diagram when the forces fall
outside the view limits.
Design Results
The Design Results tab, allows you to display
code check and steel design information on
the structure.
Click the Active check box to display steel

design and code check diagram on the
structure. Type Ratio values in the edit
boxes to define Safe, Failure and Extreme
Failure. Click the Show Values check box to
display the failure ratios.
Color
Allows you to display and change the color
of represented by Not Designed, Safe, Fail
and Extreme Fail on the structure diagram.
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Plate Stress Contour
The Plate Stress Contour tab, appears only if Plates
are present. This tab allows you to display stress
contours for plates for different types of stresses.
Load Case
Select the Load Case for which the stress is to
be displayed.
Stress Type
Select the Stress Type from the drop down list.
Once you select these, the Maximum and
the Minimum values of that stress under the
selected load case are displayed.
Contour Type
The Normal and Enhanced buttons indicate
how the Stress Contour is drawn.
The Normal contour option uses the stress
points at each corner of the plate along with
the center stress to calculate the contour.
The Enhanced contour option uses the
same points as the Normal contour plus the
interpolated stress at the mid-point of the
edges. The second option takes more time
Result Dir to generate but is more accurate.
This is the global axis about which the local axis The No. of values option determines how
moments MX, MY and MXY must be transformed may increments would be used to plot the
into. So, if one sets the ‘Result Dir’ to ‘Z’ and stress contour.
‘Up’ to ‘X +ve’, the program does the following: Options
a) Selects plates, which are parallel to The Absolute Values option causes the stress
the global Y-Z plane. values to be compared based on the absolute
b) For each plate, selects the surface, values, rather than algebraic values. If this option
which is on the +ve side of the global is checked, the stress values of +10 units and -10
Y-Z plane. units will be in the same range.
c) For each plate, selects the local axis The View Stress Index option displays the legends
moments MX and MY and MXY on the of the colors with stress values at the side of the
surface described in (b) screen.
d) Transforms the moments described in
Directions for Global Stress Up
(c) into a value along the global Z axis
Using this drop down list, the user may select the
and plots it.
global axis that is normal to the plane of the
Changing the ‘Up’ value between ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’
plates. The ‘+ve’ and ‘-ve’ are meant to specify the
X will show the global Z moment on either side
surface of the plate which is on the ‘+ve’ or ‘-ve’
of the plates. side of the global plane. For example, ‘Y +ve’
indicates that the user wishes to obtain the mo
ment for those plates whose surface is parallel to
and along the positive side of the global X-Z plane.
Hence, if a plate has its local Z axis along the
negative global Y direction, choosing ‘Y +ve’ will
fetch the moment on the local bottom surface of
the element.
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Solid Stress Contour
The Solid Stress Contour tab, appears only if
Solids are present. This tab allows you to display
stress contours for solids for different types of
stresses. For explanation of the items, please refer
to the Plate Stress Contour item explained above.
Animation
The Animation tab, allows you to display an
animated view of the structure. To stop viewing an
animation, choose No Animation in the Diagram
Type, or press the Escape on the keyboard.
Diagram Type
Select the animation of Deflection, Section
Displacement, Mode or Stress.
Animation Setup
Full Screen displays the animation in the
full monitor screen rather than in a
window. This option may use less memory
than displaying the animation in a large
window.
Extra Frames
Select the number of Extra Frames above
the minimum needed to enhance the
animation if it appears choppy.
Target FPS
Choose the Target FPS (frames per
second) to control the animation speed. To
speed up an animation, show more frames
per second. To slow down an animation,
show fewer frames per second.
Use Metafiles for offscreen data
Click the Use Metafiles for offscreen data to
save the animated screens as WindowsMetafiles.
Speed may be slower if this option is used.
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Design Result
The Design Results tab, allows you to
display code check and steel design information on
the structure.
Diagram
Click the Active check box to display steel
design and code check diagram on the
structure. Type Ratio values in the edit
boxes to define Safe, Failure and Extreme
Failure. Click the Show Values check box
to display the failure ratios.
Color
Allows you to display and change the color
of represented by Not Designed, Safe, Fail
and Extreme Fail on the structure dia-
gram.
View | Set Colors
The purpose of this menu option is to specify

colors of different items.
View | Refresh
Choose View | Refresh to update the structure
diagram to reflect changes such as merged
members, split members. etc.
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Listing of Members by Specification of GROUPS
This command allows the user to specify a group of members/joints and save the informa-
tion using a 'group-name'. The 'group-name' may be subsequently used in the input file instead
of a member/joint list to specify other attributes. This extremely useful feature allows avoiding
of multiple specifications of the same member/joint list.
General Format:
START GROUP DEFINITION

(GEOMETRY)
(group-name) member/element/solid-list
........ (default)
OR
JOINT
_(group-name) joint-list
........
MEMBER
_(group-name) member-list
........
ELEMENT
_(group-name) element-list
........
SOLID
_(group-name) solid element-list
........
END GROUP DEFINITION

where,
group-name = an alphanumeric name specified by the user to identify the
group. The group-name must start with the '_'(underscore) character
and is limited to eight characters.
member-list/ joint list = the list of member/joints belonging to the group.
NOTES
1. The GROUP definition must start with the START GROUP DEFINITION command
and end with the END command.
2. More than one GROUP name may be specified within the same definition specifica
tion.
3. The words, JOINT, MEMBER, ELEMENT and SOLID may be provided if the user
wishes to identify the group name lists with those specific items. However, if the
group name and list is merely a means of grouping together more than one type of
structural component under a single heading, the word GEOMETRY may be pro-
vided. In the absence of any those five words (GEOMETRY, JOINT, MEMBER,
ELEMENT or SOLID), the list is assumed to be that for GEOMETRY.
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EXAMPLES
START GROUP DEFINITION START GROUP DEFINITION
_TRUSS 1 TO 20 25 35 JOINT
_BEAM 40 TO 50 _TAGA 1 TO 10
END MEMBER
MEMBER PROPERTIES _TAGAB 40 TO 50
_TRUSS TA LD L40304 GEOMETRY
_BEAM TA ST W12X26 _TAGC 101 TO 135
END
MEMBER PROPERTIES
_TAGB TA LD L40304
_TAGC TA ST W12X26
STEP:
1.Click Tools(menu), select Create New Group option or you can press letter G while Ctrl key is
pressed.
1.Click Create. then type a name and select whether for node or element
or geometry
2. Click OK to accept the name & type.

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2. Select the geometry you want to associate with the name you specified.
3. Click button.
OPTIONS:
- to delete a group name

STEP:
Select the group name from the list then click Delete
- to highlight the members or nodes or elements that is associated

to the group name.
STEP:
Select the group name from the list then click Highlight.
Example:
ASSIGN METHODS
ASSOCIATE TO VIEW - to associate the group name specified to the

current view.
ASSOCIATE TO SELECTED GEOMETRY - to associate the group name to the
selected members or node or element.
ASSOCIATE TO LIST - to associate the group name to member specified in
the list box.
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ELEMENT INCIDENCE SPECIFICATION
This set of commands is used to specify ELEMENTs by defining the connectivity between
JOINTs. REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands are available to facilitate generation of repetitive
patterns.
The element incidences must be defined such that the model developed represents one
single structure only, not two or more separate structures. STAAD is capable of detecting
multiple structures automatically.
General Format
ELEMENT INCIDENCES (SHELL)
i1, i2, i3, i4 (i5) (TO i6, i7, i8)
REPEAT n, ei,ji
REPEAT ALL n, ei,ji
Description
ELEMENT INCIDENCES SHELL must be provided immediately after MEMBER INCIDENCES

(if any) are specified. The REPEAT command causes the previous line of input to be repeated 'n'
number of times with specified element and joint increments. The REPEAT ALL command
functions similar to the REPEAT command, except that it repeats all previously specified input
back to the most recent REPEAT ALL command; or to the beginning of the specified if no
previous REPEAT ALL command had been issued.
i1 = Element number (any number up to six digits). If MEMBER INCIDENCE is provided,

this number must not coincide with any MEMBER number.
i2...i5 = Clockwise or counterclockwise joint numbers which represent the element connec
tivity. Note that i5 is not needed for triangular (3 noded) elements.
The following data is needed if elements are to be generated:

i6 = Last element number to which elements are generated
i7 = Element number increment by which elements are generated. Defaults to 1 if omitted
i8 = Joint number increment which will be added to incident joins. Defaults to 1 if omitted.
The following data is needed if REPEAT or REPEAT ALL command are used to generate
elements
n = Number of times repeat is to be carried out.
ei = Element number increment.
ji = Joint number increment.
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Notes:
The PRINT ELEMENT INFO command may be used to verify the element incidences
provided or generated by REPEAT and REPEAT ALL commands.
ELEMENT NUMBERING
During the generation of element stiffness matrix, the program verifies whether the
element is same as the previous one or not. If it is same, repetitive calculations are not
performed. The sequence in which the element stiffness matrix is generated is the
same as the sequence in which elements are input in element incedences.
Therefore, to save some computing time, similar elements should be numbered sequen-
tially. However, the user has to decide between adopting a numbering system which
reduces the computation time versus a numbering system which increases the ease of
defining the structure geometry.
1 2 3 4 1 3 5 7
5 6 7 8 2 4 6 8
Efficient Element Inefficient Element

numbering numbering
j
j k l k k l j l
i k
i l i j i j i k
clockwise counter-clockwise
Correct numbering Incorrect numbering
Steps:
1. Click the icon (3 noded plate) or (4 noded plate) or
2. Click the nodes of the plate you want to

create.
(4 noded cursor) (3 noded cursor)
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DESIGN OPERATIONS
STAAD contains a broad set of facilities for designing structural members as individual
components of an analyzed structure. The member design facilities provide the user with the
ability to carry out a number of different design operations. These facilities may be used selec-
tively in accordance with the requirements of the design problem. The operations to perform a
design are:
Specify the members and the load cases to be considered in the design.
Specify whether to perform code checking or member selection.
Specify design parameter values, if different from the default values.
These operations may be repeated by the user any number of times depending upon the
design requirements.
Steel Design may be performed based on the following codes: AISC-ASD, AISC-LRFD and
ASSHTO.
Built-in Steel Section Library
AISC Steel Table

Almost all AISC steel shapes are available for input. Following are the description of all
types of section available
Wide Flange (W shapes)

All wide flange sections as listed in AISC/LFRD-89 are availble the way they are written,
e.g. W10X49, W21X50, etc.
Example:
20 TO 30 TA ST W10X49
33 36 TA ST W18X86
C, MC, S, M, HP Shapes
The above shapes are available as listed in AISC (9th Edition) without decimal points. For
example, C8X11.5 will be input as C8X11 and S15X42.9 will be input as S15X42, omitting the
decimal weights. (Exception MC6X151 for MC6X15.1 and MC6X153 for MC6X15.3)
Example:
10 TO 20 BY 2 TA ST C15X40
1 2 TA ST MC8X20
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Double Channels
Back to back double channels, with or without spacing between them, are available. The
letter D is front of the section name will specify a double channel.
Example:
21 22 24 TA D MC9X25
55 TO 60 TA D C8X18
Angles
Angle specifications in STAAD are different from those in AISC manual. The following
example illustrates angle specifications.
Example:
L 40 35 6 = L 4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8
Angle symbol Thickness is 1/16th inch
10 times length 10 times length of
of one leg in inch other leg in inch
Similarly, L505010 = L 5 x 5 x 5/8 and L904016 = L 9 x 4 x 1
At present, there are two ways to define the local y and z-axes for an angle section. To
make the transition from the AISC Manual to the program data easy, the standard section for
an angle is specified:
51 52 53 TA ST L40356
This specification has the local z-axis (i.e., the minor axis) corresponding to the Z-Z axis specified in
the steel tables. Many engineer are familiar with a convention used by some other programs in which
the local y-axis is the minor axis. STAAD provides for this convention by accepting the command:
54 55 56 TA RA L40356 (RA denotes reverse angle)
Double Angles
Short leg back to back or long leg back to back double angles can be specified by inputting
the word SD or LD, respectively, in front of the angle size. In case of an equal angle either LD
or SD will serve the purpose.
Example:
14 TO 20 TA LD L35304 SP 0.5 (Long leg back to back

L 3-1/2 x 3 x 1/4 with .5 space)
23 27 TA SD L904012 (Short leg back to back L 9 x 4 x 3/4)
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Tees
Tees are not input by their names, as they are listed in the AISC manual, but instead by
designating the beam shapes (W and S) from which they are cut.
Example:
1 2 5 8 TA T W8X24 tee cut from W8X24 which is WT4X12
Pipes
Two types of specifications can be used for pipe sections. In general pipes may be input by
their outer and inner diameters.
Example:
1 TO 9 TA ST PIPE OD 2.0 ID 1.875 will mean a pipe with O.D. of 2.0

and I.D. of 1.875 in current units.
Pipe sections listed in the AISC manual can be specified as follows.
5 TO 10 ST PIPX20
PIP X 20 (denotes extra strong pipe of 2 in. dia.)

Pipe symbol 10 x Dia. in inches specify only
Strength spec portion before decimal point
(S=Standard,
X=Extra-strong,
D= Double extra-strong)
Tubes
Tubes from the AISC tables can be specified as follows.
5 TO 10 TA ST TUB120808
TUB 120 80 8
Tube Symbol Thickness in 1/16th in.
Height x 10 (in.) Width x 10 (in.)
Tubes, likes pipes, can be input by their dimensions (Height, Width, and Thickness) as
follows.
6 TA ST TUBE DT 8.0 WT 6.0 TH 0.5
is a tube that has a height of 8, a width of 6, and a wall thickness of 0.5
Member Selection cannot be performed on tubes specified in the latter way. Only code
checking can be performed on these sections.
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Welded Plate Girders
Welded plate girders from the AISC manual may be specified as follows.
B 61 20 10
Built-up section symbol Thickness of flange in inches X 10

(Only use portion before decimal point)
Nominal Depth in inches
Nominal flange width (inches)
Member Property Specification

This set of commands may be used for specification of section properties for frame mem-
bers.
General Format: AUSTRIALIAN
{ }
CANADIAN
EUROPIAN
MEMBER PROPERTIES FRENCH
INDIAN
AMERICAN
BRITISH
GERMAN
JAPANESE
{ }
TABLE type-spec table-name
(additional-spec)
PRISMATIC property-spec
TAPERED argument-list
UPTABLE i1 section-name
ASSIGN profile-spect
AMERICAN, BRITISH, EUROPEAN (etc.) option will instruct the program to pick up
properties from the appropriate steel table. The default depends on the country of distri-
bution.
Description
This command initiates the specification of MEMBER PROPERTY. Following are the
various options availble:
a.) Specification from built-in steel table
b.) Specification of prismatic properties
c.) Specification of tapered members
d.) Specification from user provided table
e.) Specification by ASSIGNing a profile
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Specifiying Properties from Steel Table
Purpose
The following commands are used for specifying section properties from built-in steel
table(s)
General Format:
type-spec table-name additional-spec
ST
{ }
RA
D
type-spec = LD
SD
T
CM
TC
BC
ST specifies single section from the standard built-in tables
RA specifies single angle with reverse Y-Z axes
D specifies double channel
LD specifies long leg, back to back, double angle
SD specifies short leg, back to back, double angle
T specifies tee section cut from I shaped beams
CM specifies composite section, available with I shaped beams
TC specifies beams with top cover plate
BC specifies beams with bottom cover plate
TB specifies beams with top and bottom cover plate
table-name = Table section name like W8X18, C15X33 etc. The documentation on steel
design per individual country codes contains information regarding their
steel section specification also.
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SP f1
{ }
WP f2
TH f3
additional-spec = WT f4
DT f5
OD f6
ID f7
CT f8
FC f9
SP f1 = This set describes the spacing (f1) between angles or channels if double
angles or double channels are used. f1 defaults to 0.0 if not given
WP f2 = Width (f2) of the cover plate if a cover plate is used with I-shaped sections
TH f3 = Thickness (f3) of plates or tubes
WT f4 = Width (f4) of tubes, where TUBE is the table-name
DT f5 = Depth (f5) of tubes
OD f6 = Outside diameter(f6) of pipes, where PIPE is the table-name.
ID f7 = Inside diameter (f7) of pipes
CT f8 = Concrete thickness (f8) for composite sections.
FC f9 = Compressive strength (f9) of the concrete for composite sections
Note:
All values f1-9 must be supplied in current units.
Some important points to note in the case of the composite section are:
1) The width of the concrete slab is assumed to be the width of the top flange of
the steel section+16 times the thickness of the slab.
2.) In order to calculate the section properties of the cross-section, the modular
ratio is calculated assuming that:
Es = Modulus of elasticity of steel = 29000 Ksi.

Ec = Modulus of elasticity of concrete = 1802.5 FC Ksi
where FC (in Ksi) defined earlier.
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Prismatic Property Specification
Purpose
The following commands are used for specifying section properties for prismatic cross-
section.
General Format:
For the PRISMATIC specification, properties are provided directly as follows:
AX f1
IX f2
{ }
IY f3
IZ f4
property-spec = AY f5
AZ f6
YD f7
ZD f8
YB f9
ZB f10
AX f1 = Cross sectional area of the member. If omitted, the area is calculated from
the YD and ZD dimensions
IX f2 = Torsional constant.
IY f3 = Moment of inertia about local y-axis
IZ f4 = Moment of inertia about local z-axis (usually major)
AY f5 = Effective shear area in local y-axis
AZ f6 = Effective shear area in local z-axis
YD f7 = Depth of the member in local y direction.

(Diameter of section for circular members)
ZD f8 = Depth of the member in local z direction. If ZD is not provided and YD is

provided, the section wil be assumed to be circular.
YB f9 = Depth of stem for T-section.
ZB f10 = Width of stem for T-section or bottom width for TRAPEZOIDAL section.
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Prismatic Tapered Tube Property Specification
Purpose
The following commands are used to specify section properties for prismatic tapered
tube cross-sections.
General Format:
{ }
ROUND
HEXDECAGONAL
DODECAGONAL STARD d1 END d2 THICK t
property-spec =
OCTAGONAL
HEXAGONAL
SQUARE
START d1 = Depth of section at start of member.
END d2 = Depth of section at end of member.
THICK t = Thickness of section (constant throughout the member length).
Example:
UNIT INCHES
MEMBER PROPERTIES
1 PRIS ROUND STA 10 END 8 THI 0.375
2 PRIS HDC STA 15 END 10 THI 0.375
3 PRIS DOD STA 12 END 12 THI 0.375
Tapered Member Specification

Purpose
The following commands are used to specify section properties for tapered I-shapes.
General Format:
argument-list = f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 (f6 f7)
Notes:
where, 1. All dimensions (f1,f2,...,f7)
f1 = Depth of section at start node. should be current units.
f2 = Thickness of web. 2. f1 (Depth of section at start
f3 = Depth of section at end node. node) should always be
f4 = Width of top flange. greater than f3 (Depth of
f5 = Thickness of top flange section at end node). The
f6 = Width of bottom flange. Defaults to f4 if left out. user should provide the
f7 = Thickness of bottom flange. Defaults to f5 left out. member incidences accord-
ingly.
EXAMPLE:
MEMBER PROPERTY
1 TO 5 TAPERED 13.98 0.285 13.98 6.745 .455 6.745 .455
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Example:
bottom chord = 2 1/2" x 2 1/2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L25253

top chord = 2 1/2" x 2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L25203
web member = 2" x 2" x 3/16" double angle = LD L20203
STEPS:
1. You may click property page icon or click General / Property on Page Control
2. The Property window will appear as shown below. Click
3. Select the country.
4. Click Angle tab then select the size and specify other parameters then click Add
button.
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5. Select the members.
6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then Click
7. Click Beta Angle tab. Define the beta angle and Click Assign button.
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Example for Prismatic Section
Section of a:
0.60m
0.30m
Note: You may change first the Base Unit before you start assigning the property to reflect the correct
dimension.
Steps: Close all files. Click File(top menu), choose Configure. Click Base Unit tab. Select the
desired unit. Click Accept button.
1. Click Commands(top menu)/Member Property/Prismatic or property page icon

or Click General / Property on Page Control.
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2. Click Define button. Click the tab for the desired shape.
3. Define the size of the section , type of material then click Add button.
4. Select the section from the list to be assigned to the member/s.
5. Select the members.
Note:
To select more
members, hold down the
Ctrl key while selecting
other members.
6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then Click
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ELEMENT PROPERTY SPECIFICATION
This set of commands may be used to specify properties of plate finite elements.
Unlike members and plate/shell elements, no properties are required for solid
elements. However, constants such as modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio
are to be specified.
General Format
ELEMENT PROPERTY
element-list THICKNESS f1 (f2, f3, f4 )
Description
Elements of uniform or linearly varying thickness may be modeled using this command.
Note that the value of the thickness must be provided in the current units.
Example
UNIT INCH
ELEMENT PROPERTY
1 TO 8 14 16 TH 0.25
STEPS:
1. You may click property page icon or click General / Property on Page Control
2. The Property window will appear as shown below. Click
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3. Type the thickness and select type of material then click Add button.
4. You may change the view to select the members correctly. (Side View).
Click Cut-section icon. Select Window/Rubber band
Click here(hold)
release here
5. Click top view icon.
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6. Click the Plate cursor icon. Once the plate cursor is displayed, click in the plate
element to select it.
click here to select
the plate element
Note:
To select more members, hold down the Ctrl key
while selecting other members.
7. Click Assign to Selected Beam in Assign method then click Assign button.
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8. Click Cut section icon. Click Select View tab then click Show All button to display the entire
structure.
9. Click Isometric View icon.
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DEFINING OF LOADS
SELFWEIGHT
- This command may be used to calculate and apply the SELFWEIGHT of the structure for
analysis.
General Format
SELFWEIGHT
{} X
Y
Z
f1
This command is used if the selfweight of the structure is to be considered. The selfweight
of every active member is calculated and applied as a uniformly distributed member load.
X,Y & Z - represent the global direction in which the selfweight acts.
f1 - factor to be used to multiply the selfweight
This command may also be used without any direction and factor specification. Thus, if
specified as "SELFWEIGHT", loads will be applied in the negative global Y direction with a
factor of unity.
Note: Density must be provided for calculation of the selfweight.
1. Click General tab (page control) then click Load (sub-page control) or use Pull-down menu.
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2. Define a primary load then click ok.
3.Click Selfweight.
4.Define the parameters then click Assign button.
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JOINT LOAD
- This set of commands may be used to specify JOINT loads on the structure.
General Format
JOINT LOAD FX f1
{ }
FY f2
FZ f3
joint-list = MX f4
MY f5
MZ f6
FX , FY & FZ - specify a force in the corresponding global direction
MX , MY & MZ - specify a moment in the corresponding global direction.
f1 , f2... f6 - are the values of the loads.
Note:
Joint numbers may be repeated where loads are meant to be additive in the joint.
UNIT command may be on lines in between joint-list lines.
MEMBER LOAD
- This set of commands may be used to specify MEMBER loads on frame members.
General Format:
{ }
UNI or UMOM direction-spec f1, f2, f3, f4
CON or CMOM direction-spec f5, f6, f4
member-list = LIN local-specf7, f8, f9
TRA direction-spec f10, f11, f12,f13
X
{} {}
Y
Z X
direction-spec = GX local-spec = Y
GY Z
GZ
PX
PY
PZ
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UNIFORM (UNI or UMCOM)
- specifies a uniformly distributed load or moment with a value of f1, at a distance of f2
from the start of the member to the start of the load, and a distance of f3 from the
start of the member to the end of the load. The load is assumed to cover the full
member length if f2 and f3 are omitted.
Illustration: if f2 and f3 are omitted
f1 f1
f2
f3
member length member length
f4 - Perpendicular distance from the member shear center to the plane of

loading. The value is positive in the general direction of the parallel (or close
to parallel) local axis.
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CONCENTRATED(CON or CMOM)
- specifies a concentrated force or moment with a value of f5 applied at a distance of f6
from the start of the member. f6 will default to half the member length if omitted.
Illustration:
if f6 is omitted
f5 f5
half of member
f6 length
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LINEARLY VARYING LOAD (UNI or UMCOM)
- specifies a linearly decreasing or increasing, or a triangular load. If the load is linearly
increasing or decreasing then f7 is the value at the start of the member and f8 is the
value at the end. If the load is triangular, then f7 and f8 are input as zero and f9 is the
value of the load in the middle of the member.
Illustration:
if f7 & f8 is equal to zero
f9
f8
f7
half of member
length
Note: Load is acting on entire member
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TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD (TRAP)
- specifies a trapezoidal linearly varying load which that act over the full or partial
length of the member and in a local, global or projected direction. The starting
load value is given by f10 , and the ending load value f11. The loading location
is given by f12, the loading starting point and f13, the stopping point. Both are mea-
sured from the start of the member. If f12 and f13 are not given, the load is
assumed to cover the full mem ber length.
Illustration: if f10 & f11 is equal to zero
f11 f11
f10 f10
f12
f13
member length
member length
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EXERCISE
-4 KN
-2 KN/M
-6 KN/M -5 KN
-5 KN/M -6 KN/M -2 KN/M
1 member 2 3
no.
2m 5m 3m 3m 3m 4m 3m
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AREA LOAD / FLOOR LOAD
These commands may be used to specify AREA LOAD or FLOOR LOADs on a structure
The AREA LOAD may be used for modeling one-way distribution and the FLOOR LOAD
may be used for modeling two-way distribution.
General Format for AREA LOAD
AREA LOAD
member-list ALOAD f1
f1 - The value of the area load (unit weight over square length unit). This load
always acts along the positive local y-axis. For the members of a FLOOR
analysis, this direction will coincide with global vertical axis in most cases.
NOTE:
Area load should not be specified on members declared as MEMBER
CABLE, MEMBER TRUSS or MEMBER TENSION.
EXAMPLE:
AREA LOAD
2 4 TO 8 ALOAD -.250
12 16 ALOAD -.500
General Format for FLOOR LOAD

FLOOR LOAD
YRANGE f1 f2 FLOAD f3 ( XRANGE f4 f5
ZRANGE f6 f7 )
f1 f2 - Global vertical coodinate values to specify vertical range. The floor load will be
calculated for all members lying in the global horizontal plane within the speci-
fied global vertical range.
f3 - The value of the floor load (unit weight over square length unit). This load
always acts parallel to the global vertical axis. A positive value signifies that the
load is acting the positive global Y-direction. A negative value indicates a load in
the negative global Y direction.
f4- f7 - Global X and Z coordinate values to define the corner points of the area on w/c
the specified floor load (f3) acts. If not specified, the floor load will be calculated
for all members in all floors w/in the specified global vertical range.
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NOTE:
1) The structure has to be modeled in such away that the global vertical axis
remains perpendicular to the floor plane(s).
2) For the FLOOR LOAD specification, a two-way distribution of the load is

consid ered. For the AREA LOAD specification, a one-way action is considered.
3) FLOOR LOAD from a slab is distributed on the adjoining members as trapezoidal

and triangular loads depending on the length of the sides as shown in the dia-
gram. Internally, these loads are converted to multiple point loads.
4) The load per unit area may not vary for a particular panel and it is assumed to
be continuous and without holes.
5) The FLOOR LOAD facility is not available if the SET Z UP command is used.
6) If the floor has a shape consisting of a mixture of convex and concave edges,
then break up the floor load command into several parts, each for a certain
region of the floor. This will force the program to localize the search for panels
and the solution will be better.
The load distribution pattern depends upon the shape of the panel. If the panel is
Rectangular, the distribution will be Trapezoidal and triangular as explained in the
following diagram.
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For a panel that is not rectangular, the distribu-
tion is described in following diagram
1
First, the CG of the polygon is calculated. Then,
Triangu- 2
lar each corner is connected to the CG to form
UD triangles as shown. For each triangle, a
Triangu- L vertical line is drawn from the CG to the
lar Triangu- opposite side. If the point of intersection of
5
lar 3 the vertical line and the side falls outside the
Triangu-
triangle, the area of that triangle will be
lar
calculated and an equivalent uniform distrib-
4 uted load will be applied on that side. Other-
wise a triangular load will be applied on the
EXAMPLE side.
11' 10'
joint
1 2 3
no. Let us consider the following
1 2 X floor plan at y =12'.
7 B 8 6'
If the entire floor has a load
member 4 3 5
of 0.25 (force/unit area),
no.
6
then the input will be as
A C follows:
9 10
10' ...
LOAD 2
4 5 FLOOR LOAD
Z YRA 12.0 12.0 FLOAD -0.25
6 7 8
If in the above example, panel A has a load of 0.25 and panel B and C have a load
0.5, then the input will be as follows:
Note the usage of XRANGE , YRANGE and ZRANGE specifications.
...
LOAD 2
FLOOR LOAD
YRA 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -0.25 XRA 0.0 11.0 ZRA 0.0 16.0
YRA 11.9 12.1 FLOAD -.50 XRA 11.0 21.0 ZRA 0.0 16.0
LOAD 3
...
The program internally identifies the panels (shown as A, B & C in the fig.). The
floor loads are distributed as trapezoidal and triangular loads as shown by dotted
lines in the figure. The negative sign for the load signifies that it is applied in the
downward global Y direction.
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DESIGN OF STEEL TRUSS
DATA
Design of Steel Truss = 6.0 m O.C.
LOADS
a. DEAD LOAD
Computation:
Metal Roofing = 0.10 KPa
Purlins = 0.10 KPa (0.10 + 0.10) x 6 = 1.2 KN/m (top chord)
Ceiling & Utilities = 0.40 KPa
0.40 x 6 =2.4 KN/m (bottom chord)
b. LIVE LOAD
Computation:
Roof Live Load = 1.0 KPa L.L. = 1.0 x 6.0 = 6.0 KN/m
c. WIND LOAD
@ Windward Side
P = CeCqQsI
= 0.89(0.30)(1.5)(1.0) = 0.40 KPa x 6.0m = 2.4 KN/m
@ Leeward Side
P = 0.89(0.70)(1.5)(1.0) = 0.93 KPa x 6.0m = 2.58 KN/m
d. MEMBER PROPERTIES
Top chord = 2 1/2" X 2" X 3/16" 2L = LD 25203
Bottom chord= 2 1/2" X 2 1/2" X 3/16" 2L = LD 25253
Web Member = 2" X 2 X 3/16" 2L = LD 25203
Spacing (gusset plate) = 3/16" = 0.188"
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Live load = -6.0 KN/m
Dead load = -12.0 KN/m
Leew
0K N/m ard
-2.4 side
= 5.
s ide = 58 K
d ward N/m
Win
Dead load = -2.40 KN/m

STEPS:
Step 1. Click General tab (page-control), Load(sub-page) or click Command (top

menu) / Loading/Primary Load
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Step 2. Define the Load case no. and the title then click OK
Step 3. Click Member button to define the type of loading and value.
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Step 4. Select the type of loading. Input the value of load, direction and distances
then click Add button.
Step 5.a Select the load to be applied from the Load specification list then select the
member(s). Click Assign To Selected Beam from assignment method.
5.a.1 selected members
5.a.2
5.a.3
RESULT:
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Step 5.b If there are grouped created, select the load from the list of loads, then
select the grouped by name then click Assign to selected Beams.
5.b.1 Select the load to be applied
5.b.2 Select the group name (e.g. _TC ) then click OK.
selected members
5.b.3 Click Assign to Selected Beams then click Assign.
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LOAD COMBINATION
This command may be used to combine the results of the analysis. The combination
may be algebraic. SRSS and a combination of both.
General Format
LOAD COMBINATION
i1, f1, i2, f2 ..(fsrss)
{ SRSS
ABS } i a1
i = Load combination number(any integer smaller than 100000 that is not the same as
any previously defined primary load case number.)
a1 = Any title for the load combination
i1 , i2... represents the load case numbers which are to be combined
f1, f2 ... represents corresponding factors to be applied to loadings.
fSRSS = optional factor to be applied as a multiplying factor on the combined result of
the SRSS result of the SRSS load combination.
If the last character on a line is a hyphen, then the command is continued on the next
line. A limit of 100 prior cases may be factored in one command.
NOTE:
1) In the LOAD COMBINATION SRSS option, if the minus sign precedes any load case no.,
then that load case will be combined algebraically with the SRSS combination of the
rest.
2) The total number of primary and combination load cases combined cannot exceed 500.
3) A zero factor terminates the list.
Description
LOAD COMBINATION
Results from anlysis will be combined algebraically.
LOAD COMBINATION 6 DL + LL + WL
1 0.75 2 0.75 3 1.33
LOAD COMBINATION ABS

Absolute value of results from the analyses will be combined.
LOAD COMBINATION ABS 7 DL +LL + WL
1 0.85 2 0.65 3 2.12
LOAD COMBINATION SRSS

Results from analyses may be combined both algebraically and using the SRSS (Square
Root of Summation of Squares) method. The combination scheme may be mixed if required.
For example, in the same load combination case, results from load cases may be combined in
the SRSS manner and then combined algebraically with other load cases.
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STEPS:
Step 1. Click General tab (page-control menu)/ Load tab(sub-page).
Step 2. Click Combine... button.
Step 3. Click New... button.
Step 4. Type the load combination number & title (optional)
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Step 5.Type the factor load.
Step 6. Select the loading(s).
Step 7. Click Transfer button then OK.
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GLOBAL SUPPORT SPECIFICATION
This set of commands may be used to specify the SUPPORT conditions for supports
parallel to the global axes.
General Format
SUPPORTS
PINNED
joint-list
FIXED (BUT release-spec[spring-spec.])
ENFORCED (BUT release-spec)
FX KFX f1
FY KFY f2
release-spec = FZ spring-spec = KFZ f3
MX KMX f4
MY KMY f5
MZ KMZ f6
Description
PINNED support is a support that has translational, but no rotational restraints. In
other words, the support has no moment carrying capacity. A FIXED support has
both translational and rotational restraints. A FIXED support can be released in the
global directions as described in release-spec (FX for force-X through MZ for moment-
Z). Also, a fixed support can have spring constants as described in spring-spec
(translational spring in global X-axis as KFX through rotational spring in global Z-axis
as KMZ).
Corresponding spring constants are f1 through f6. Note that the rotational spring
constants are always per degree of rotation. All six releases may be provided as may
be required when using the CHANGE command. If both release specifications and
spring specifications are to be supplied for the same support joint, release specifica-
tion must come first.
Example
SUPPORTS
1 TO 4 7 PINNED
5 6 FIXED BUT FX MZ
8 9 FIXED BUT MZ KFX 50.0 KFY 75.
18 21 FIXED
27 FIXED BUT KFY 125.0
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In this example, joints 1 to 4 and joint 7 are pinned. No moments are carried by
those supports. Joints 5 and 6 are fixed for all DOF except in force-X and moment-Z.
Joints 8 & 9 are fixed for all DOF except moment-Z and have spring in the global X
and Y directions with corresponding spring constants of 50 and 75 units respectively.
Joints 18 & 21 are fixed for all translational and rotational degrees of freedom. At
joint 27, all DOF are fixed except the FY DOF where it has spring with of 125 units
spring constant.
Notes
1) Users are urged to refer to Section 5.38(STAAD Tech. manual) for information
on specification of SUPPORTS along with the CHANGE command specifications.
2) Spring constants must be provided in the current units.
3) All spring DOF must be entered after the last non-spring DOF is specified, if both
are on the same line.
4) If there are two entries for the same joint, then:
a) any direction that is pinned/fixed on either will be fixed in that
direction.
b) any direction released on one and is a spring on the other will use
the spring.
c) Any direction that is pinned/fixed on one and a spring on the other
will use pinned/fixed.
Description of Enforced
Enforced Support defines which translational and rotational directions, at a joint, may
have a support displacement imposed. If no support displacement is entered, then
zero displacement will be imposed, as if that direction was FIXED. The enforced
displacement directions will be fixed for dynamic load cases.
If there are two entries for the same joint, then any direction that is enforced on
either will be enforced in that direction, overriding any other support specification for
that joint-direction.
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Step 1. Click General tab(page control) / Support.
Step 2. Click Add button.
Step 3. Select the type of support and define parameter if any.

Click Create button.
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Step 4. Select the type of support from the list.
Step 5. Click the joint where the support is to be placed.
Step 6. Click Assign To Selected Nodes from Assignment Method.
Result:
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Analysis Specification
STAAD analysis options include linear static analysis, P-Delta (or second order analy-
sis), Nonlinear analysis, and several types of Dynamic Analysis.
This command is used to specify the analysis request. In addition, this command may
be used to request various analysis related data like load info, statics check info,
mode shapes etc.
General Format
LOAD DATA
STATICS CHECK
}
PERFORM
{ NONLINEAR ANALYSIS (PRINT { STATICS LOAD
MODE SHAPES } )
BOTH
ALL
Without one of these analysis commands, no analysis will be performed. These

ANALYSIS commands can be repeated if multiple analyses are needed at different
phases.
If the PRINT LOAD DATA command is specified, the program will print an interpre-
tation of all the load data.
PRINT STATICS CHECK will provide a summation of the applied loads and support
reactions as well as a summation of moments of the loads and reactions taken
around the origin.
PRINT STATICS LOAD prints everything that PRINT STATICS CHECK does, plus it
prints a summation of all internal and external forces at each joint (generates volumi-
nous output). PRINT STATICS LOAD should be used for members only, no results are
given for plates or solids.
PRINT MODE SHAPES prints mode shape values at the joints for all calculated
mode shapes.
PRINT BOTH is equivalent to PRINT LOAD DATA plus PRINT STATICS CHECK.
PRINT ALL is equivalent to PRINT DATA plus PRINT STATICS LOAD.
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STEPS:
1. Click Commands(top menu)/Analysis/Perform 2. Select the Print Option then click
Analysis OK.
Using Page Control

1. Click Analysis/Print tab (Page
control)/ Analysis (Sub-page).
3. Click Perform Analsis tab then select Print
2. Click Define Commands option then click ok
button.
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LOAD LIST
This command allows specification of a set of active load cases. All load cases made
active by this command remain active until a new load list is specified.
General Format
LOAD LIST
{ load-list
ALL }
Description
This command is used to activate the load cases listed in this command and, in a
sense, deactivate all other load cases not listed in this command. In other words, the
loads listed are used for printing output and in design for performing the specified
calculations. Note that, when PERFORM ANALYSIS command is used, the program
internally uses all load cases, regardless of LOAD LIST command, except after
CHANGE or RESTORE command. In these two cases, the LOAD LIST command
allows the program to perform analysis only those loads in the list. If the LOAD LIST
command is never used, the program will assume all load cases to be active.
Step 1. Click Command(top menu) / Loading / Load List
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Step 2. Select the Load Cases.
Step 3. Click the button to transfer to transfer all load

selected load cases cases
to the load list
Step 4. Click OK.

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PARAMETER SPECIFICATIONS
This set of commands may be used to specify the parameters required for steel
design.
General Format
PARAMETER
{
AASHTO / AISC / AUSTRALIAN /BRITISH /
CODE CANADIAN / FRENCH / GERMAN /INDIA /
JAPAN / LRFD / NORWAY
}
{ parameter-name f1
PROFILE a1,(a2,a3)
}{ MEMBER memb-list
ALL
}
Description
Parameter-name refers to the "PARAMETER NAME" (s) listed in the parameter table
contained in the Steel Design section.
f1 = Value of the parameter
The user can control the design through specification of proper parameter.
The PROFILE parameter is available for AISC ASD code only. The user can specify up
to three profiles (a1, a2 and a3). The PROFILE parameter-name is used only for
member selection where members are selected from each of those profile names.
The PROFILE for T-section is a W-shape. Also, the shape specified initially under
MEMBER PROPERTIES. Note that the PROFILE command can only be used for the
AMERICAN steel table. CODE parameter lets you choose the type of steel code to be
checked for design. The default steel code depends on the country of distribution.
Example:
PARAMETERS
CODE AISC
KY 1.5 MEMB 3 7 TO 11
NSF 0.75 ALL
PROFILE W12 W14 MEMB 1 2 23
RATIO 0.9 ALL
Notes
1) All unit sensitive values should be in the current unit system.
2) For default values of the parameters, refer to the appropriate table.
3) PROFILE command is available with American AISC ASD code only. It is not
available with the LRFD or AASHTO codes.
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STEPS:
1. Using Page Control 3. Click Design Parameters button
For Steel: For Concrete: then select parameter tab and
specify the value.
For Concrete:
For Steel:
2. Select the code.
Steel:
Concrete:
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SELECT OPTIMIZED
This command performs member selection using an optimized technique based on multiple
analysis/design iterations.
General Format
SELECT OPTIMIZED
Description
The program selects all members based on a state-of-the-art optimization technique. This
method requires multiple analyses as well as iteration of sizes until an overall structure least
weight is obtained. This command should be used with caution since it wil require longer
processing time.
Notes
1) The output of this command may be controlled using the TRACK parameter.
Three levels of details are available. Refer to the appropriate Steel Design section
for more information on the TRACK parameter.
2) This command may require multiple iterations involving analysis/design cyles
and therefore may be time consuming.
Step 1. Click Design (page-control) / Steel (sub-page)
Step 2. Click Commands button.
Step 3. Click Select Optimized button then click Add.
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CODE CHECKING
This command performs code checking operation on specified members based on the Ameri-
can Institute of Timber Construction (AITC) codes.
General Format
CHECK CODE
{ MEMBER member-list
ALL
}
Description
This command checks the specified against the requirements of the American Institute of
Timber Construction (AITC) codes. The results of the code checking are summarized in a
tabular format.
Notes
The output of this command may be controlled by the TRACK parameter. Two levels of detail
are available.
STEP 1. Click Design(page-control)/ Steel (sub-page)
STEP 2. Select code.
STEP 3. Click Command
button
STEP 4. Click Check Code tab then click Add.
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STEP 5. Select the Code Check from the Steel Design window, then select the mem-
ber where the command is to be applied and click Assign to Selected Beam from
Assignment Method then Click Assign Button.
STEEL TAKE OFF

This command may be used to obtain a summary of all steel sections being used along with
their lengths and weights.
General Format
STEEL (MEMBER) TAKE ( OFF )

Description
This command provides a complete listing of all different steel table sections used in the
structure. The tabulated listing will include total length of each section name and its total
weight. This can be helpful in estimating steel quantities.
The MEMBER option list each member length and weight by number, profile-type, length and
weight.
Notes
This facility may be very effectively utilized to obtain a quick estimate of the structural steel
quantity.
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STEP 1. Click Design(page-control)/ Steel (sub-page)
STEP 2. Click Command button
STEP 3. Click Take off tab then click Add.
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PRINT SPECIFICATION
This command is used to direct the program to print various mdeling information and
analysis results. STAAD offers a number of versatile print commands that can be
used to customize the output.
General format for data related print commands:
JOIN COORDINATES
MEMBER INFORMATION
ELEMENT INFORMATION SOLID
(ALL)
MEMBER PROPERTIES
PRINT
MATERIAL PROPERTICES
LIST list of items
SUPPORT INFORMATION
i.e. joints,
or
members
ALL
General format to print location of CG.
PRINT CG
General format to print analysis results:
JOINT DISPLACEMENTS
(MEMBER) FORCES
ANALYSIS RESULTS
(MEMBER) SECTION FORCES
PRINT List-spec
MEMBER STRESSES
ELEMENT (JOINT) STRESSES (AT f1 f2)
ELEMENT FORCES
ELEMENT (JOINT) STRESSES SOLID
MODE SHAPES
(ALL)
List-spec =
LIST list of items
i.e. joints,
members or elements
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General format to print support reactions:
PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS
General format to print entire steel table:
PRINT ENTIRE (TABLE)

General format to print story drift:
PRINT STORY DRIFT
Description
Note that the list of items is not applicable for PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS, PRINT SUPPORT
REACTIONS, and PRINT MODE SHAPES command.
The PRINT JOINT COORDINATES command prints all interpreted coordinates of joints.
The PRINT MEMBER INFORMATION command prints all member information, including
member length, member incidences, beta angles, whether or not a member is a truss mem-
ber and the member release conditions at start and end of the member(1=released, 0 =not
released).
The PRINT ELEMENT INFORMATION command prints all incident joints, element thick-
nesses, and Poisson ratios for Plate/Shell elements. The PRINT ELEMENT INFORMATION
SOLID command prints similar information for Solid elements.
The PRINT MEMBER PROPERTIES command prints all member properties including cross
sectional area, moments of inertia, and section moduli in both axes. Units for the properties
are always INCH or CM (depending on FPS or METRIC) regardless of the unit specified in
UNIT command.
The following designation is used for member property names:
AX - Cross section area
AY - Area used to compute shear deformation in local Y-axis
AZ - Area used to compute shear deformation in local Z-axis
IZ - Moment of Inertia about the local Z-axis
IY - Moment of Inertia about the local Y-axis
IX - Torsional constant
SY - Smallest section modulus about the local Y-axis
SZ - Smallest section modulus about the local Z-axis
The PRINT MATERIAL PROPERTIES command prints all material properties for the mem-
bers, including E (modulus of elasticity), G (shear modulus), weight density and coefficient of
thermal expansion (alpha) for frame members. This command is available for members only.
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The PRINT SUPPORT INFORMATION command prints all support information regarding
their fixity, releases and spring constant values, if any. The LIST option is not available for
this command.
The PRINT ALL command is equivalent to last five print commands combined. This command
prints joint coordinates, member information, member properties, material properties and
support information, in that order.
The PRINT CG command print out the coordinates of the center of gravity of the structure.
Only the selfweight of the structure is used to calculate the C.G. User defined joint loads,
member loads etc. are not calculated in the calculation of CG.
The PRINT (JOINT) DISPLACEMENTS command prints joint displacements in a tabulated

form. The displacements for all six directions will be printed for all specified load cases. The
length unit for the displacements is always INCH or CM (depending on FPS or METRIC unit)
regardless of the unit specified in UNIT command.
The PRINT (MEMBER) FORCES command prints member forces (i.e. Axial force (AXIAL),
Shear force in Y and Z axes (SHEAR-Y and SHEAR-Z), Torsional Moment (TORSION), Mo-
ments about local Y and Z axes (MOM-Y and MOM-Z) in a tabulated form for the listed
members, for all specified load cases.
The PRINT ANALYIS RESUTS command is equivalent to the last t hree commands combined.
With this command, the joint displacements, support reactions and member forces in that
order printed.
The PRINT (MEMBER) SECTION FORCES command prints member forces at the intermedi-
ate sections specified with a previously input SECTION command. The printing is done in a
tabulated form, by member, for all specified laod cases.
The PRINT (MEMBER) STRESSES command tabulates member stresses at the start joint,
end joint and all specified intermediate sections. These stresses include axial ( i.e. axial force
over the area), bending-y(i.e. moment-y over section modulus in local y-axis), bending-z(i.e.
moment-z over section modulus in local z-axis), shear stresses in both local y and z direc-
tions (FY/AY and FZ/AZ) and combined (absolute combination of axial, bending-y and bend-
ing-z) stresses.
For PRISMATIC sections, if AY and/or AZ is not provided, the full cross-sectional area (AX)
will be considered in shear stress calculations.
For TAPERED sections, the values of AY and AZ are those for the location where the stress is
printed. Hence if the stress is printed at the location 0.0, the AY at AZ are based on the
dimension of the member at the start mode.
AY = Total depth * Thickness of web

AZ = 2/3 area of both flanges put together.
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The PRINT ELEMENT STRESSES command must be used to print plate stresses (SX, SY, SXY,
SQX, SQY), moments per unit width (MX, MY, MXY) and principal stresses (SMAX, SMIN,
TMAX) for plate/shell elements. Typically, the stresses and moments per unit width at the
centroid will be printed. The Von Mises stresses (VONT, VONB) as well as the angle (ANGLE)
defining the orientation of the principal planes are also printed.
SQX - Shear stress on the local X-face in the Z direction

SQY - Shear stress on the local Y-face in the Z direction
MX - Moment per unit width about the local X face
MY - Moment per unit width about the local Y face
MXY - Torsional Moment per unit width in the local X-Y plane
SX - Axial stress in the local X direction
SY - Axial stress in the local Y direction
SXY - Shear stress in the local XY plane
VONT- Von Mises stress on the top surface of the element
VONB -Von Mises stress on the bottom surface of the element
SMAX -Maximum in-plane Principal stress
SMIN - Minimum in-plane Principal stress
TMAX -Maximum in-plane Shear stress
ANGLE - Angle which determines direction of maximum principal stress with
respect to local X-axis
If the JOINT option is used, forces and moments at the nodal points are also printed out in
addition to the centroid of the element.
The AT option may be used to print element forces at any specified point within the element.
The AT option must be accompanied by f1 and f2. Note f1 and f2 are local X and Y
coodinates(in current units) of the point where the stresses and moments are required.
The PRINT ELEMENT FORCES command enables printing of plate "corner forces" [ F = Kel .
Del ].
The PRINT ELEMENT (JOINT) STRESS SOLID command enables printing of stresses at the
center of the SOLID elements. The variables that appear in the output are the following.
Normal Stresses :
SXX, SYY and SZZ
Shear Stresses :
SXY, SYZ and SZX
Principal Stresses S1, S2 and S3 :
Von Mises Stresses SE :
Direction cosines :
6 direction cosines are printed following the expression
DC, corresponding to the first two principal stress direc-
tion.
The JOINT option will print out the stresses at the nodes of the solid elements.
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The PRINT MODE SHAPES command prints joint displacements for all calculated modes.
The PRINT SUPPORT REACTIONS command prints support reactions in a tabulated form, by
support, for all specified load cases. The LIST option is not available for this command.
The PRINT ENTIRE TABLE command may be used to obtain a print-out of the contents of the
steel table from which member properties are being used. This command must be provided
following the specification of all member properties.
The PRINT STORY DRIFT command may be used to obtain a print-out of the average lateral
displacement of all joint at each vertical level of the structure.
PROCEDURE FOR PRINT COMMANDS

STEP 1. Using Page-control menu. Click Pre-Print tab for data related print commands.
STEP 2. Click Define Commands button.
STEP 3. Select the command and define parameter if any then click
Add.
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PROCEDURE FOR PRINT COMMANDS(PRINT ANALYSIS RESULT)
STEP 1. Using Page-control menu. Click Post-Print tab to print analysis result.
STEP 2. Click Define Commands button.
STEP 3. Select the command and define parameter if any then click
Add.
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DRAW SPECIFICATIONS
This set of commands may be used to generate printer plots of structure geom-
etry and results as part of the output.
Description
Besides interactive graphics, STAAD has features to provide commands to plot structural
geometry, analysis results etc. as part of the STAAD output file.
Note that these output files (.ANL files) should be printed only through the PRINT OUTPUT
option of the main menu of STAAD. Plots can also be displayed by the VIEW OUTPUT option
of the main menu of STAAD.
Plots are of high-resolution and most of the 8/9/24 pin dot matrix and laser printer are
supported.
The DRAW command is used to create the plots in the output. The following is the format of
the DRAW command.
ISOMETRIC
ROTATE rotate-spec
SECTION section-spec
ZOOM f1
SHIFT xy
JOINT
MEMBER
SUPPORT
PROPERTY
SHAPE
DRAW HIDDEN - LINE - REMOVED (LIST list-spec)
SHRINK f2
LOAD ln
DFDRAW ln
MODRAW sn
SCDRAW ln
MSDRAW ln force-spec
BMDRAW ln force-spec
ENVELOP force-spec
SCALE f3
VALUE
STRESS CONTOUR ln
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X xa XY
rotate-spec = Y ya section-spec = YZ r1 r2
Z za XZ
FX
force-spec = FY
MZ
FZ
MY
f1 = Zoom factor by which structure is to be reduced or enlarged. A value less
than 1.0 is for reduction and greater than 1.0 is to enlarge.
f2 = Shrink factor by which member/elements be shrunk. Value varies from
0.1 to 0.9
f3 = Scale factor by which deflected shapes to be multiplied. Normally all scales are
automatically computed. However, the user may change this by this
command.
x, y = x and y shift values based on structure coordinates.
ln = Load number to be considered.
sn = Mode-shapes number to be displayed.
xa, ya, za = X, Y, and Z angles by which the structure is to be rotated
r1, r2 = Maximum and minimum values defining the range in the direction
perpendicular to the specified section plane.
Notes
1) Following commands may be used anywhere in the input.
ISOMETRIC - Draw isometric view
ROTATE - Rotates as specified in rotate-spec
SECTION - Draw section as specified in section-spec
ZOOM - Draw with zoom factor of value f1
SHIFT - Shift structure to the specified x, y values
JOINT - Display joint numbers.
MEMBER - Display member numbers.
SUPPORT - Display support icons.
PROPERTY - Display property names.
SHAPE - Display the shape of the member property with proper BETA angle
orientation.
HIDE - Remove hidden lines when elements are present.
SHRINK - Shrink all member/elements by the factor of f2
LOAD - Display load icons. Obviously, this command can be used only after the
loadings are provided.
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1) Following commands are related to results and should be used only after the PERFORM
ANALYSIS command.
DFSDRAW -
Draw deflected shape.
MODRAW -
Draw mode shape.
SCDRAW -
Draw section displacement.
MSDRAW -
Display force/moment diagram on the entire structure for specified ln
(load number).
BMDRAW - Display force/moment diagram for independent members as listed in
LIST. No more than 2 member lists are allowed. Use multiple DRAW
commands to display force/moment diagrams for independent
members.
ENVELOP - Same as MSDRAW except worst of all active load cases.
SCALE - Scale factor by which deflected shapes to be multiplied.
VALUE - Display values of Force/Moments, displacements.
STRESS-CONTOUR - Draw stress-contour for finite elements. Only the contour for the
Absolute maximum principal stress can be plotted.
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SAMPLE INPUT FILE
STAAD PLANE DESIGN OF TRUSS
INPUT WIDTH 72
UNIT METER KNS
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0. 0. 0.; 2 1.5 0. 0.; 3 3. 0. 0.; 4 4.5 0. 0.; 5 6. 0. 0.
6 7.5 0. 0.; 7 9. 0. 0.; 8 10.5 0. 0.; 9 12. 0. 0.; 10 13.5 0. 0.
11 15. 0. 0.; 12 1.5 .4 0.; 13 3. .8 0.; 14 4.5 1.2 0.; 15 6. 1.6 0.
16 7.5 2. 0.; 17 9. 1.6 0.; 18 10.5 1.2 0.; 19 12. .8 0.; 20 13.5 .4 0.
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 2; 2 2 3; 3 3 4; 4 4 5; 5 5 6; 6 6 7; 7 7 8; 8 8 9; 9 9 10
10 10 11; 11 1 12; 12 12 13; 13 13 14; 14 14 15; 15 15 16; 16 16 17
17 17 18; 18 18 19; 19 19 20; 20 20 11; 21 2 12; 22 3 12; 23 3 13
24 4 13; 25 4 14; 26 5 14; 27 5 15; 28 6 15; 29 6 16; 30 6 17; 31 7 17
32 7 18; 33 8 18; 34 8 19; 35 9 19; 36 9 20; 37 10 20
UNIT INCHES KNS
MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
11 TO 20 TABLE LD L35354 SP .18
1 TO 10 TABLE LD L35354 SP .18
21 TO 27 31 TO 37 TABLE LD L20202 SP .18
28 TO 30 TABLE LD L20203 SP .18
MEMBER TRUSS
21 TO 37
UNIT METER KNS
CONSTANT
E STEEL ALL
DENSITY STEEL ALL
POISSON STEEL ALL
BETA 180. MEMB 1 TO 10
SUPPORT
1 FIXED
6 11 PINNED
LOAD 1 DEAD LOAD
SELFWEIGHT Y -1.
MEMBER LOAD
11 TO 20 UNI GY -1.2
1 TO 10 UNI GY -2.4
LOAD 2 LIVE LOAD
MEMBER LOAD
11 TO 20 UNI GY -4.2
LOAD 3 WIND LOAD
MEMBER LOAD
11 TO 15 UNI Y -2.4
16 TO 20 UNI Y 5.58
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LOAD COMB 4 DL+LL
1 1. 2 1.
LOAD COMB 5 DL+WL
1 1. 3 1.
LOAD COMB 6 0.75(DL+LL+WL)
1 .75 2 .75 3 .75
UNIT INCHES KIP
PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST ALL
PARAMETER
CODE AISC
TRACK 1. ALL
CB 0. ALL
RATIO .9 ALL
BEAM 1. MEMB 1 TO 20
CHECK CODE ALL
UNIT METER KG
STEEL MEMBER TAKE OFF
UNIT METER KNS
PRINT MEMBER FORCES ALL
FINISH
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Tabulated Results of Steel Design
For code checking or member selection, the program produces the results in a tabu-
lated fashion. The items in the output tables are explained as follows:
a) MEMBER refers to the member number for which the design is performed.
b) TABLE refers to the AISC steel section name which has been checked
against the steel code or has been selected.
c) RESULT prints whether the member has PASSed or FAILed. If the RESULT
is FAIL, there will be an asterisk (*) mark in front of the member number.
d) CRITICAL COND refers to the section of the AISC code which governed the
design.
e) RATIO prints the ratio of actual stresses to allowable stresses for the critical
condition. Normally a value of 1.0 or less will mean member has passed.
f) LOADING provides the load case number which governed the design.
g) FX, MY and MZ provide the axial force, moment in local y-axis and moment
in local z-axis respectively. Although STAAD does not consider all the mem-
ber forces and moments to perform design, only FX MY and MZ are printed
since they are the ones which are of interest, in most cases.
h) LOCATION specifies the actual distance from the start of the member to the
section where design forces govern.
i) If the parameter TRACK is set to 1.0, the program will block out part of the
table and will print the allowable bending stresses in compression (FCY &
FCZ) and tension (FTY & FTZ), allowable axial stress in compression (FA),
and allowable shear stress (FV), all in kips per square inch. In addition,
member length, area, section moduli, governing KL/r ration and CB are
also printed.
j) In the output for TRACK 2.0, the items Fey and Fez are as follows:
12 π2 E 12 π2 E
Fey = Fez =
23(KYLY/ry)2 23(KzLz/rz)2
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Sample Print Analysis (Steel Design)
DESIGN RESULT:
STEEL TAKE-OFF:
SUPPORT REACTION:
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FOUR-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING
GROUND FLOOR PLAN
TYPICAL 2ND TO 4TH FLOOR PLAN

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ROOF DECK PLAN
FRONT ELEVATION
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SECTION THRU 'A-A'
FOUNDATION PLAN
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TYPICAL 2ND TO 4TH FLR. FRAMING PLAN
ROOF DECK FRAMING PLAN

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LOAD CRITERIA
A. DEAD LOAD
Ceiling & Utilities - 0.5 KPa
Topping & Finishes - 1.0 KPa
Topping & Waterproofing - 1.9 KPa
6" CHB Partition (Plastered) - 2.1 KPa
4" CHB Partition (Plastered) - 2.1 KPa
6" CHB Exterior wall w/ window - 2.1 KPa
6" CHB - 3.5 KPa
Interior Partition - 2.1 KPa
B. LIVE LOAD
Office - 2.4 KPa
Restroom - 2.4 KPa
Storage/Hallway - 4.8 KPa
Roof - 2.0 KPa
Movable Partition - 1.0 KPa
Stairs - 4.8 KPa
Sample Computation: (Dead Load)
For 3.0 m x 7.5 m slab (w/o partition)
a. Short Side
S.S. = WS = (.5+1+3.5) * (3)

3 3
= 5.0 KN/M
b. Longer Side
L.S. = WS * 3 - M2 = (5*3) * (3 - (3 / 7.5)2)

3 2 3 2
= 7.1 KN/M
where: S
M = S L
L
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Constants
Density = 23.5 kn/m3 (for column, girders, beams)
Modulus of Elasticity
Ec = 5000efc' MPa
use fc' = 27.6 MPa = 4000psi
Ec = 26.5 x 106 = 26.5E6
Property of Slab : Assume 6" thk = 0.15m
ACI LIMITATIONS
Minimum thickness of slab unless deflections are computed
Member End Condition fy=40 ksi fy=60 ksi
Solid one-way Simple support S/25 S/20
Slabs One-end Continuous S/30 S/34
Both ends S/35 S/18
Illustration
one-end both-ends
continuous continuous
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MEMBER PROPERTIES(BEAMS,COLUMNS)
.6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3
.5x.35
.6x.4
.5x.35
.5x.35
.5x.35
.5x.35
.6 x.3
.6 x.3
.6x.4
.6x.4
.6x.4
.3x.2
.5x.35
.6x.4
.6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4 .6 x.4
.5x.35
.5x.35
.5x.35
.5x.35
.5x.35
.6 x.3
.6 x.3
.6x.4
.6x.4
.6x.4
.6x.4
.6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3 .6 x.3
.6 x.3
.6 x.3
.6x.4
.6x.4
.6x.4
.6x.4
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
TYPICAL 2ND - 4TH FLR.
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
.4x.25
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.4X.25
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
.4x.25
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.45X.3
.4X.20
.4X.25
.4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25 .4x.25
..4X.25
.45X.3
.45X.3
.45X.3
.45X.3
.4x.25
.35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2 .35X.2
ROOF DECK
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DEAD LOAD(KN/m)
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
15.23
15.23
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
8.4
8.4
11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2 11.2
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
16.8
8.4
8.4
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
8.4
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6
5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
8.1
8.1
10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8 10.8
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
16.2
8.1
8.1
5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4
5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4
ROOF DECK
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LIVE LOAD
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
9.245
9.245
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
5.1
5.1
6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8 6.8
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.2
5.1
5.1
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
5.438
5.438
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
2.0
4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
3.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
3.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
ROOF DECK
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UBC 1997 LOAD DEFINITION
This feature enables one to generate seismic loads per the UBC 97 specifications using a
static equivalent approach.
Description
The seismic load generator can be used to generate lateral loads in the X and Z directions
only. Y is the direction of gravity loads. This facility has not been developed for cases where
the Z axis is set to be the vertical direction using the "SET Z UP" command.
There are 2 stages of command specifications for generating lateral loads. This is the first
stage and is activated through the DEFINE UBC LOAD command.
General Format
DEFINE UBC (ACCIDENTAL) LOAD

ZONE f1 ubc-spec
SELFWEIGHT
JOINT WEIGHT
joint-list WEIGHT w
MEMBER WEIGHT
mem-list (UNI ...)
ubc-spec= { I f2, RWX f3, RWZ f4, STYP f5, NA f6,

NV f7 , (CT f8), (PX f9), (PZ f10) }
where,
f1 = Seismic zone coefficient

f2 = Importance factor
f3 = Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in X direction
f4 = Numerical coefficient R for lateral load in Z direction
f5 = Soil Profile type
f6 = Near source factor Na
f7 = Near source factor Nv
f8 = Optional CT value to calculate time period based on
Method A
f9 = Optional Period of structure (in sec.) in X-direction to
be used in Method B
f10 = Optional Period of structure (in sec.) in Z-direction to
be used in Method B
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STEP 1 . Click Command(menu)/Loading/Define Load/
Seismic Load
STEP 2 . Choose type of UBC

(1997,1994,IS1893). Fill in the
parameters needed then click
Save button then Close.
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Concrete Design Specification
The concrete design procedure implemented in STAAD consists of the following steps:
1.) Initiating the design.
2.) Specifying parameters.
3.) Specifying design requirements.
4.) Requesting quantity take-off.
5.) Terminating the design.
Design Initiation
Purpose
This command is used to initiate the concrete design.
General Format
START CONCRETE DESIGN
Description
This command initiates the concrete design specification. With this, the design param-
eters are automatically set to the default values. Without this command, none of the follow-
ing concrete design commands will be recognized.
Notes
This command must be present before any concrete design is used.
Concrete Design-Parameter Specification

Purpose
This set of commands may be used to specify parameters to control the concrete de-
sign.
General Format
ACI / BRITISH / CANADIAN/

CODE FRENCH / GERMAN / INDIA /
JAPAN / NORWAY
MEMBER memb/elem list

parameter-name f1
(ALL)
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Description
Parameter-name described below.
f1 = is the value of the parameter. Note that this value is always input in current units. The
UNIT command is also accepted during any phase of concrete design.
Parameter Default Description

Name Value
FYMAIN *60,000 psi Yield strength for main reinforcement steel.
FYSEC *60,000 psi Yield strength for secondary steel.
FC *4,000 psi Compressive Strength of Concrete
CLT *1.5 inch Clear cover for top reinforcement.
CLB *1.5 inch Clear cover for bottom reinforcement.
CLS *1.5 inch Clear cover for side reinforcement.
MINMAIN** Number 4 bar Min. main reinforcement bar size(No. 4 -18)
MINSEC** Number 4 bar Min. secondary reinforcement bar size
MAXMAIN** Number 18 bar Max. main reinforcement bar size
SFACE *0.0 Face of support location at start of beam. If
specified, the shear force at start is
computed at a distance of SFACE+d from
the start joint of the member.
EFACE *0.0 Face of support location at end of beam.
(Note: Both SFACE & EFACE are input as
positive numbers) If specified, the shear
force at end is computed at a distance of
EFACE+d from the end joint of the member.
REINF 0.0 Tied column. A value of 1 will mean spiral.
MMAG 1.0 A factor by which the column design
(for column only) moments will be magnified.
WIDTH *ZD Width of concrete member. This value
defaults to ZD as provided under MEMBER
PROPERTIES
DEPTH *YD Depth of concrete member. This value
defaults to YD as provided under MEMBER
PROPERTIES
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Name Value
NSECTION 12 Number of equally-spaced sections to be
considered in finding critical moments for
beam design
TRACK 0.0 BEAM DESIGN:
With TRACK set 0.0. Critical Moment will not
be printed out with beam design report. A
value of 1.0 will mean a print out. A value of
2.0 will print out required steel areas for all
intermediate sections specified by
NSECTION.
COLUMN DESIGN:
TRACK 0.0 prints out detailed design results.
TRACK 1.0 prints out column interaction
analysis results in addition to TRACK 0.0
output. TRACK 2.0 prints out a schematic
interaction diagram and intermediate
interaction values in addition to all of above.
* These values must be provided in the current unit system being used.
** When using metric units for ACI design, provide values for these parameters
in actual 'mm' units instead of the bar number. The following metric bar sizes
are available: 6 mm, 8 mm, 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, 25 mm 32 mm,
40 mm, 50 mm, and 60 mm.
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STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Concrete.
STEP 2. Select the Code. STEP 3. Click Define Parameters...
button.
STEP 4. Click the tab what parameter you want to specify.
STEP 5. Click Add button then Close.
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STEP 6. Select the Parameter name from Design window.
STEP 7.Select the members/elements where the parameter is to applied.
STEP 8. Select Assigned to Selected Beam/Plates then click Assign button.
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Concrete Design Command
Purpose
This command may be used to specify the type of design required. Members may be
designed as BEAM, COLUMN or ELEMENT.
General Format
BEAM
COLUMN memb-list
DESIGN
ELEMENT
SLAB (ALL)
Description
Members to be designed must be specified as BEAM, COLUMN or ELEMENT. Note that members,
once designed as beam, cannot be redesigned as a column again, or vice versa.

STEP 2. Click Command... button from Design window.
STEP 3. Click the tab what command you want to apply

then Add button.
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STEP 4. Click Design command from design window.
STEP 5. Select the member/beam/plate.
Note: Press Ctrl key while selecting members to add more members.
STEP 6. Select Assign to Selected Beams then click Assign button.
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Concrete Take Off Command
Purpose
This command may be used to obtain an estimate of the total volume of the concrete,
reinforcement bars used and their respective weights.
General Format
CONCRETE TAKE OFF

Sample
*********** CONCRETE TAKE OFF ***********
(FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS DESIGNED ABOVE)
TOTAL VOLUME OF CONCRETE = 87.50 CU. FT.
BAR SIZE WEIGHT

NUMBER (in lbs)
------------- -----------
4 805.03
6 91.60
8 1137.60
9 653.84
11 818.67
-------------
*** TOTAL = 3506.74

STEP 2. Click Command... button from Design window.
STEP 3. Click Take Off tab then click Add.
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Concrete Design Terminator
Purpose
This command must be used to terminate the concrete design.
General Format
END CONCRETE DESIGN
Description
This command terminates the concrete design, after which normal STAAD commands resume.
Sample:
CODE ACI
FYMAIN 40.0 ALL
FC 3.0 ALL
DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 4 7
DESIGN COLUMN 9 12 TO 16
DESIGN ELEMENT 20 TO 30
END
Notes
Without this command, further STAAD commands will not be recognized
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Footing Design Specification
Purpose
This set of commands may be used to specify footing design requirements.
Description
This facility may be used to design isolate footins for user specified support joints. Once
the support is specified , the program automatically identifies the support reaction(s) associ-
ated with the joint. All active load cases are checked and design is performed for the support
reaction(s) that rquires the maximum footing size. Parameters are available to control the
design. Dowel bars and development lengths are also calculated and included in the design
output.
Design Considerations
The STAAD isolated footing design is based on the following considerations.
1) The design reaction load may include concentrated load and biaxial moments.
2) The vertical reaction load is increased by 10% to account for the selfweight
of the footing.
3) Footing slab size is rectangular. The user through a parameter may control
the ratio between the length and the width of the slab.
4) Optional pedestal design is available.
5) Footing cannot be designed at supports where the reaction causes uplift on
the footings.
6) This facility is currently available for the American code only.
Design Considerations
The following sequential design procedure is followed:
1) Footing size is calculated on the basis of the load directly available from the
analysis results (support reactions) and user specified Allowable Soil
Pressure. No factor is used on the support reactions.
2) The footing size obtained from 1) and the FACTORED LOAD is utilized to
calculate soil reactions
FACTORED LOAD = ACTUAL REACTION X Parameter FFAC
Note that the user may provide a desired value for parameter FFAC
3) Footing depth and reinforcement details are based on soil reactions calculated
per 2) above.
4) Dowel bar requirements and development lenght are calculated and reported
in the output.
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Following parameters are available for footing design.
Design Parameters

Name Value
FY 60,000 psi Yield strength for reinforcement steel.
FC 3,000 psi Compressive Strength of Concrete
CLEAR 3.0 inch Clear cover for slab reinforcement
REINF Number 9 bar Main reinforcement bar size for slab design
FFAC 1.0 Load factor for concrete design
BC 3000 psf Soil bearing capacity
RATIO 1.0 Ration between slab sides
TRACK 1.0 1.0 = only numerical output is provided
2.0 = numerical output and sketch provided
DEPTH Calculated by the The min. depth of the footing base slab.
program Program changes this value if required for
design.
S1, S2 Calculated by the Size of the footing base slab - S1 and S2

program correspond to column sides YD and ZD
respectively. Either S1 and S2 or both can be
specified. If one is provided, the other will
be calculated based on RATIO. If both are
provided, RATIO will be ignored
EMBEDMENT 0.0 The depth of the footing base from the

support point of the column.
PEDESTAL 0.0 0.0 = no pedestal design
1.0 = pedestal design with program
calculating pedestal dimensions
X1 X2 - pedestal desigh with user provided
pedestal dimensions. X1 and X2 are pedestal
dimensions corresponding to slab sides S1
and S2 respectively.
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Design Initiation
Purpose
This command may be used to initiate the footing design.
General Format
START FOOTING DESIGN
Description
This command initiates the footing design specifications. Without this command, no further
footing design command will be recognized.
Notes
No footing design specification will be processed without this command.
Footing Design Parameter Specification

Purpose
This command is used to specify parameters that may be used to control the footing
design.
General Format
AMERICAN
CODE BRITISH
CANADIAN
FRENCH
GERMAN
INDIA
JAPAN
NORWAY
JOINT joint-list
parameter-name f1
(ALL)
Description
f1 is the value of the parameter. Note that this value should be in the current units. The UNIT
command is also accepted during any phase of footing design.
Notes
No footing design specification will be processed without this command.
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Footing Design Command
Purpose
This command must be used to execute the footing design.
General Format
joint-list
DESIGN FOOTING
(ALL)
Description
This command may be used to specify the joints for which the footing designs
are required.
Notes
The output of this command may be controlled by the TRACK parameter. If
TRACK is set to the default value of 1.0, only numerical output will be provided. If
TRACK is set to 2.0, graphical output will be provided in addition.
Footing Design Terminator

Purpose
This command must be used to terminate the footing design.
General Format
END FOOTING DESIGN

Description
This command terminates the footing design.
Notes
If the footing desing is not terminated, no further STAAD command will be rec-
ognized.
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STEP 1. Click Design tab (page-control menu) / Footing.
STEP 2. Click Define Parameter.. button to define specify parameter.
STEP 3. Select the parameter name and define the value.
STEP 4. Click Add after specifying each parameter.

Click Close to quit from this command.
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Sample Input file (Reinforced Concrete)
STAAD SPACE 4-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING
INPUT WIDTH 72
UNIT METER KNS
JOINT COORDINATES
1 0. 4. 0.; 2 30. 4. 0.; 3 6. 4. 0.; 4 12. 4. 0.; 5 18. 4. 0.
6 24. 4. 0.; 7 0. 4. 7.5; 8 30. 4. 7.5; 9 6. 4. 7.5; 10 12. 4. 7.5
11 18. 4. 7.5; 12 24. 4. 7.5; 13 0. 4. 15.; 14 30. 4. 15.; 15 6. 4. 15.
16 12. 4. 15.; 17 18. 4. 15.; 18 24. 4. 15.; 19 0. 4. 17.
20 30. 4. 17.; 21 6. 4. 17.; 22 12. 4. 17.; 23 18. 4. 17.
24 24. 4. 17.; 25 14.5 4. 0.; 26 12. 4. 4.5; 27 14.5 4. 7.5
28 14.5 4. 4.5; 29 0. 0. 0.; 30 0. 0. 7.5; 31 0. 0. 15.; 32 6. 0. 0.
33 6. 0. 7.5; 34 6. 0. 15.; 35 12. 0. 0.; 36 12. 0. 7.5; 37 12. 0. 15.
38 18. 0. 0.; 39 18. 0. 7.5; 40 18. 0. 15.; 41 24. 0. 0.; 42 24. 0. 7.5
43 24. 0. 15.; 44 30. 0. 0.; 45 30. 0. 7.5; 46 30. 0. 15.; 47 0. 7. 0.
48 30. 7. 0.; 49 6. 7. 0.; 50 12. 7. 0.; 51 18. 7. 0.; 52 24. 7. 0.
53 0. 7. 7.5; 54 30. 7. 7.5; 55 6. 7. 7.5; 56 12. 7. 7.5; 57 18. 7. 7.5
58 24. 7. 7.5; 59 0. 7. 15.; 60 30. 7. 15.; 61 6. 7. 15.; 62 12. 7. 15.
63 18. 7. 15.; 64 24. 7. 15.; 65 0. 7. 17.; 66 30. 7. 17.; 67 6. 7. 17.
68 12. 7. 17.; 69 18. 7. 17.; 70 24. 7. 17.; 71 14.5 7. 0.
72 12. 7. 4.5; 73 14.5 7. 7.5; 74 14.5 7. 4.5; 75 0. 10. 0.
76 30. 10. 0.; 77 6. 10. 0.; 78 12. 10. 0.; 79 18. 10. 0.
80 24. 10. 0.; 81 0. 10. 7.5; 82 30. 10. 7.5; 83 6. 10. 7.5
84 12. 10. 7.5; 85 18. 10. 7.5; 86 24. 10. 7.5; 87 0. 10. 15.
88 30. 10. 15.; 89 6. 10. 15.; 90 12. 10. 15.; 91 18. 10. 15.
92 24. 10. 15.; 93 0. 10. 17.; 94 30. 10. 17.; 95 6. 10. 17.
96 12. 10. 17.; 97 18. 10. 17.; 98 24. 10. 17.; 99 14.5 10. 0.
100 12. 10. 4.5; 101 14.5 10. 7.5; 102 14.5 10. 4.5; 103 0. 13. 0.
104 30. 13. 0.; 105 6. 13. 0.; 106 12. 13. 0.; 107 18. 13. 0.
108 24. 13. 0.; 109 0. 13. 7.5; 110 30. 13. 7.5; 111 6. 13. 7.5
112 12. 13. 7.5; 113 18. 13. 7.5; 114 24. 13. 7.5; 115 0. 13. 15.
116 30. 13. 15.; 117 6. 13. 15.; 118 12. 13. 15.; 119 18. 13. 15.
120 24. 13. 15.; 121 0. 13. 17.; 122 30. 13. 17.; 123 6. 13. 17.
124 12. 13. 17.; 125 18. 13. 17.; 126 24. 13. 17.
MEMBER INCIDENCES
1 1 3; 2 3 4; 3 4 25; 4 5 6; 5 6 2; 6 7 9; 7 9 10; 8 10 27; 9 11 12
10 12 8; 11 13 15; 12 15 16; 13 16 17; 14 17 18; 15 18 14; 16 19 21
17 21 22; 18 22 23; 19 23 24; 20 24 20; 21 1 7; 22 7 13; 23 13 19
24 3 9; 25 9 15; 26 15 21; 27 4 26; 28 10 16; 29 16 22; 30 5 11
31 11 17; 32 17 23; 33 6 12; 34 12 18; 35 18 24; 36 2 8; 37 8 14
38 14 20; 39 25 5; 40 26 10; 41 27 11; 42 25 27; 43 26 28; 44 1 29
45 7 30; 46 13 31; 47 3 32; 48 9 33; 49 15 34; 50 4 35; 51 10 36
52 16 37; 53 5 38; 54 11 39; 55 17 40; 56 6 41; 57 12 42; 58 18 43
59 2 44; 60 8 45; 61 14 46; 78 47 49; 79 49 50; 80 50 71; 81 51 52
82 52 48; 83 53 55; 84 55 56; 85 56 73; 86 57 58; 87 58 54; 88 59 61
89 61 62; 90 62 63; 91 63 64; 92 64 60; 93 65 67; 94 67 68; 95 68 69
96 69 70; 97 70 66; 98 47 53; 99 53 59; 100 59 65; 101 49 55; 102 55 61
103 61 67; 104 50 72; 105 56 62; 106 62 68; 107 51 57; 108 57 63
109 63 69; 110 52 58; 111 58 64; 112 64 70; 113 48 54; 114 54 60
115 60 66; 116 71 51; 117 72 56; 118 73 57; 119 71 73; 120 72 74
121 47 1; 122 53 7; 123 59 13; 124 49 3; 125 55 9; 126 61 15; 127 50 4
128 56 10; 129 62 16; 130 51 5; 131 57 11; 132 63 17; 133 52 6
134 58 12; 135 64 18; 136 48 2; 137 54 8; 138 60 14; 155 75 77
156 77 78; 157 78 99; 158 79 80; 159 80 76; 160 81 83; 161 83 84
162 84 101; 163 85 86; 164 86 82; 165 87 89; 166 89 90; 167 90 91
168 91 92; 169 92 88; 170 93 95; 171 95 96; 172 96 97; 173 97 98
174 98 94; 175 75 81; 176 81 87; 177 87 93; 178 77 83; 179 83 89
180 89 95; 181 78 100; 182 84 90; 183 90 96; 184 79 85; 185 85 91
186 91 97; 187 80 86; 188 86 92; 189 92 98; 190 76 82; 191 82 88
192 88 94; 193 99 79; 194 100 84; 195 101 85; 196 99 101; 197 100 102
198 75 47; 199 81 53; 200 87 59; 201 77 49; 202 83 55; 203 89 61
204 78 50; 205 84 56; 206 90 62; 207 79 51; 208 85 57; 209 91 63
210 80 52; 211 86 58; 212 92 64; 213 76 48; 214 82 54; 215 88 60
232 103 105; 233 105 106; 235 107 108; 236 108 104; 237 109 111
238 111 112; 240 113 114; 241 114 110; 242 115 117; 243 117 118
244 118 119; 245 119 120; 246 120 116; 247 121 123; 248 123 124
249 124 125; 250 125 126; 251 126 122; 252 103 109; 253 109 115
254 115 121; 255 105 111; 256 111 117; 257 117 123; 259 112 118
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260 118 124; 261 107 113; 262 113 119; 263 119 125; 264 108 114
265 114 120; 266 120 126; 267 104 110; 268 110 116; 269 116 122
275 103 75; 276 109 81; 277 115 87; 278 105 77; 279 111 83; 280 117 89
281 106 78; 282 112 84; 283 118 90; 284 107 79; 285 113 85; 286 119 91
287 108 80; 288 114 86; 289 120 92; 290 104 76; 291 110 82; 292 116 88
308 106 112; 309 112 113; 310 106 107
ELEMENT INCIDENCES
62 9 7 13 15; 63 15 13 19 21; 64 10 9 15 16; 65 16 15 21 22
66 11 10 16 17; 67 17 16 22 23; 68 12 11 17 18; 69 18 17 23 24
70 8 12 18 14; 71 14 18 24 20; 72 3 1 7 9; 73 4 3 9 10; 74 6 5 11 12
75 2 6 12 8; 76 4 26 28 25; 77 25 27 11 5; 139 55 53 59 61
140 61 59 65 67; 141 56 55 61 62; 142 62 61 67 68; 143 57 56 62 63
144 63 62 68 69; 145 58 57 63 64; 146 64 63 69 70; 147 54 58 64 60
148 60 64 70 66; 149 49 47 53 55; 150 50 49 55 56; 151 52 51 57 58
152 48 52 58 54; 153 50 72 74 71; 154 71 73 57 51; 216 83 81 87 89
217 89 87 93 95; 218 84 83 89 90; 219 90 89 95 96; 220 85 84 90 91
221 91 90 96 97; 222 86 85 91 92; 223 92 91 97 98; 224 82 86 92 88
225 88 92 98 94; 226 77 75 81 83; 227 78 77 83 84; 228 80 79 85 86
229 76 80 86 82; 230 78 100 102 99; 231 99 101 85 79
293 111 109 115 117; 294 117 115 121 123; 295 112 111 117 118
296 118 117 123 124; 297 113 112 118 119; 298 119 118 124 125
299 114 113 119 120; 300 120 119 125 126; 301 110 114 120 116
302 116 120 126 122; 303 105 103 109 111; 304 106 105 111 112
305 108 107 113 114; 306 104 108 114 110; 307 107 106 112 113
START GROUP DEFINITION
_B-1 43 120 197
_B-2 42 119 196
_B-3 16 20 93 97 170 174
_B-4 17 19 94 96 171 173
_B-5 18 95 172
_B-6 1 5 78 82 155 159
_B-7 2 4 79 81 156 158
_B-8 3 39 80 116 157 193
_B-9 6 10 83 87 160 164
_B-10 7 9 84 86 161 163
_B-11 8 41 85 118 162 195
_B-12 11 15 88 92 165 169
_B-13 12 14 89 91 166 168
_B-14 13 90 167
_B-15 22 37 99 114 176 191
_B-16 21 36 98 113 175 190
_B-17 25 34 102 111 179 188
_B-18 24 33 101 110 178 187
_B-19 28 31 105 108 182 185
_B-20 27 30 40 104 107 117 181 184 194
_CB-1 23 38 100 115 177 192
_CB-2 26 35 103 112 180 189
_CB-3 29 32 106 109 183 186
_RB-1 247 251
_RB-2 248 250
_RB-3 249
_RB-4 232 236
_RB-5 233 235
_RB-6 310
_RB-7 237 241
_RB-8 238 240
_RB-9 309
_RB-10 242 246
_RB-11 243 245
_RB-12 244
_RB-13 253 268
_RB-14 252 267
_RB-15 256 259 262 265
_RB-16 255 261 264 308
_RCB1 254 269
_RCB2 257 260 263 266
END
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MEMBER PROPERTY AMERICAN
_B-1 PRI YD .3 ZD .15
_B-2 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_B-3 PRI YD .4 ZD .2
_B-6 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-7 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-8 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-9 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-10 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-11 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-12 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-13 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-14 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_B-15 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_B-16 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_B-17 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_B-18 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_B-19 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_B-20 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_CB-1 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RB-1 PRI YD .4 ZD .2
_RB-10 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_RB-11 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_RB-12 PRI YD .55 ZD .3
_RB-13 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RB-14 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RB-15 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RB-16 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RCB1 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
_RCB2 PRI YD .5 ZD .25
44 TO 61 121 TO 138 198 TO 215 275 TO 292 PRI YD .45 ZD .45
ELEMENT PROPERTY
62 TO 77 139 TO 154 216 TO 231 293 TO 307 THICKNESS .15
CONSTANT
E CONCRETE ALL
DENSITY CONCRETE ALL
POISSON CONCRETE ALL
SUPPORT
29 TO 46 FIXED
DEFINE UBC ACCIDENTAL LOAD
ZONE .4 I 1.25 RWX 10. RWZ 10. S 1.5
SELFWEIGHT
MEMBER WEIGHT
78 TO 82 116 155 TO 159 193 UNI 10.3
83 TO 87 118 160 TO 164 195 UNI 15.3
88 TO 92 165 TO 169 UNI 7.5
98 99 113 114 175 176 190 191 UNI 11.
101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 117 178 179 181 182 184 185 187 188 -
194 UNI 16.7
100 103 106 109 112 115 177 180 183 186 189 192 UNI 5.3
232 233 235 236 310 UNI 8.
237 238 240 241 309 UNI 11.7
242 TO 246 UNI 7.2
247 TO 251 UNI 5.6
252 253 267 268 UNI 8.6
255 256 259 261 262 264 265 308 UNI 12.9
254 269 UNI 3.2
257 260 263 266 UNI 2.1
1 TO 5 39 UNI 11.3
6 TO 10 41 UNI 16.3
11 TO 15 UNI 7.5
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16 TO 20 UNI 8.8
21 22 36 37 UNI 12.
24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 40 UNI 17.7
23 26 29 32 35 38 UNI 6.3
LOAD 1 UBC ALONG X DIRECTION
UBC LOAD X 1.
LOAD 2 UBC ALONG Z DIRECTION
UBC LOAD Z 1.
LOAD 3 DEAD LOAD
SELFWEIGHT Y -1.
MEMBER LOAD
78 TO 82 116 155 TO 159 193 UNI GY -10.3
83 TO 87 118 160 TO 164 195 UNI GY -15.3
88 TO 92 165 TO 169 UNI GY -7.5
98 99 113 114 175 176 190 191 UNI GY -11.
101 102 104 105 107 108 110 111 117 178 179 181 182 184 185 187 188 -
194 UNI GY -16.7
100 103 106 109 112 115 177 180 183 186 189 192 UNI GY -5.3
232 233 235 236 310 UNI GY -8.
237 238 240 241 309 UNI GY -11.7
242 TO 246 UNI GY -7.2
247 TO 251 UNI GY -5.6
252 253 267 268 UNI GY -8.6
255 256 259 261 262 264 265 308 UNI GY -12.9
254 269 UNI GY -3.2
257 260 263 266 UNI GY -2.1
1 TO 5 39 UNI GY -11.3
6 TO 10 41 UNI GY -16.3
11 TO 15 UNI GY -7.5
16 TO 20 UNI GY -8.8
21 22 36 37 UNI GY -12.
24 25 27 28 30 31 33 34 40 UNI GY -17.7
23 26 29 32 35 38 UNI GY -6.3
LOAD 4 LIVE LOAD
FLOOR LOAD
YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5
YR 4. 4. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5
YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5
YR 4. 4. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5
YR 4. 4. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15.
YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5
YR 7. 7. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5
YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5
YR 7. 7. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5
YR 7. 7. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15.
YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 12. ZR 0. 7.5
YR 10. 10. FLOAD -4.8 XR 12. 14.5 ZR 0. 4.5
YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 18. 30. ZR 0. 7.5
YR 10. 10. FLOAD -4.8 XR 0. 30. ZR 7.5 9.5
YR 10. 10. FLOAD -2.4 XR 0. 30. ZR 9.5 15.
YR 13. 13. FLOAD -2. XR 0. 30. ZR 0. 15.
AREA LOAD
30 42 107 119 184 196 ALOAD -4.8
11 TO 20 88 TO 97 165 TO 174 ALOAD -2.4
242 TO 251 ALOAD -2.
LOAD COMB 5 1.4DL + 1.7LL
3 1.4 4 1.7
LOAD COMB 6 .75( 1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.87UBCX)
1 1.402 3 1.05 4 1.275
LOAD COMB 7 .9DL + 1.43UBCX
1 1.43 3 .9
LOAD COMB 8 .75( 1.4DL + 1.7LL + 1.87UBCZ)
2 1.402 3 1.05 4 1.275
LOAD COMB 9 .9DL + 1.43UBCZ
2 1.43 3 .9
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PERFORM ANALYSIS
LOAD LIST 5 TO 9
CODE ACI
FYMAIN 2.76E5 ALL
FYSEC 2.76E5 MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 -
240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310
FC 27600. ALL
MINMAIN 25. MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 -
240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310
MAXMAIN 25. MEMB 1 TO 61 78 TO 138 155 TO 215 232 233 235 TO 238 -
240 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308 TO 310
DESIGN BEAM 1 TO 43 78 TO 120 155 TO 197 232 233 235 TO 238 -
240 TO 257 259 TO 269 308 TO 310
DESIGN COLUMN 21 TO 38 40 44 TO 61 98 TO 115 117 121 TO 138 -
175 TO 192 194 198 TO 215 252 TO 257 259 TO 269 275 TO 292 308
DESIGN ELEMENT 62 TO 77 139 TO 154 216 TO 231 293 TO 307
CONCRETE TAKE OFF
END CONCRETE DESIGN
FINISH
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Description of Output for Beam Design
1) LEVEL Serial number of bar level which may contain one or more bar
group
2) HEIGHT Height of bar level from the bottom of the beam.
3) BAR INFO Reinforcement bar information specifying number of bars and bar
size
4) FROM Distance from the start of the beam to the start of the reinforce
ment bar
5) TO Distance from the start of the beam to th end of the reinforcement
bar
6) ANCHORStates whether anchorage either a hook or continuation, is needed

(STA/END)
at start (STA) or at the end.
7) ROW Actually required flexural reinforcement (As/bd) where b=width of

cross section (ZD for rectangular and square section) and
d=effective depth of cross section (YD - distance from extreme
tension fiber to the c.g. of main reinforcement)
8) ROWMN Mininum required flexural reinforcement (Amin/bd)
9) ROWMX Maximum allowable flexural reinforcement (Amax/bd)
10) SPACING Distance between centers of adjacent hars for main reinforcement
11) Vu Factored shear force at section
12) Vc Nominal shear strength provided by concrete
13) Vs Nominal shear strength provided by shear reinforcement
14) Tu Factored torsional moment at section
15) Tc Nominal torsional moment strength provided by concrete
16) Ts Nominal torsional moment strength provided by torsion reinforce-
ment
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Sample Print of Analysis(Beam Design)
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Description of Output for Column Design
The column interaction values may be obtained by using the design parameter TRACK 1.0 or TRACK
2.0 for the column member. If a value of 2.0 is used for TRACK parameter, 12 different Pn-Mn pairs,
each representing a different point on the Pn-Mn curve are printed. Each of these points represents
one of the several Pn-Mn combinations that this column is capable of carrying about the given axis, for
the actual reinforcement that the column has been design for. In case the circular columnsm, the
values are for any of the radial axes. The values printed for the TRACK 1.0 output are:
1) PO Maximum purely axial load carrying capacity of the column(zero

moment)
2) Pnmax Maximum allowable axial load on the column
3) P-bal Axial load capacity at balanced strain condition
4) M-bal Uniaxial moment capacity at balanced strain condition
5) e-bal M-bal / P-bal = Eccentricity at balanced strain condition
6) P-tens Maximum permissible tensile load on the column
7) Des.Pn Pu /PHI where PHI is the Strength Reduction Factor and Pu is the
axial load for the critical load case.
8) Des.Mn Mu*MMAG/PHI where PHI is the Strength Reduction Factor and Mu

is the bending moment for the appropriate axis for the critical load
case. For circular columns,
Mu = e M2uy + M2uz
9) e/h (Mn/Pn)/h where h is the length of the column
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Sample Print Analysis of Column Design
Using Graphical User Interface
Note: Just double click the member and the dialog box will
appear similar as shown above.
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Sample Print Analysis of Footing Design
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The STAAD/Pro Toolbars
File Toolbar
Copy Cut
Save
Close Structure Paste
Undo STAAD Output
Open Structure
STARDYNE Output
New Structure
STAAD Editor
Toolbar icon Function Corresponding Menu/Page option

New Structure Opens a new structure file File | New
Open Structure Opens an existing structure file File | Open
Close Structure Closes the current structure file File | Close
Save Saves the current structure file File | Save
Copy Copy selected objects to the clipboard Edit | Copy
Cut(delete and copy) selected objects
Cut Edit | Cut
to the clipboard
Paste Paste objects from the clipboard Edit | Paste
Undo Undo the last action Edit | Undo
STAAD Editor Opens the STAAD Editor with the Edit | Edit Command File
current Command File
STAAD Output View STAAD Output File File | View | Output File |
STAAD Output
STARDYNE View STARDYNE Output File File | View | Output File |
Output STARDYNE Output
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Print Toolbar
Print Report Take Picture
Print Preview Print Current View
Print Print Preview Current View

Print Prints the current report created using File | Print | Report
the Report Setup option
Print Preview Previews the current report created File | Print | Preview Report
using the Report Setup option
Report Setup Offers facilities to set up the contents of File | Report Setup
customized report
Take Picture Takes picture of the current graphics Edit | Take Picture
window. The picture may be included
later in the customized reports
Print Current View To print the current view of the structure
Print Current To print the current preview of the
structure
Rotate Toolbar Isometric View Rotate Up
Plan View Rotate Down

Rotate Left
Side View
Front View Rotate Left

Front View Displays the structure in corresponding View | Orientation
Side View view.
Plan View
Isometric View
Rotate Up Rotates the relative position of the eye View | Orientation,

Rotate Down with respect to the structure. Using menu option allows to specicy
Rotate Left arrow keys in the keyboard has the same the relative position of eye w/
Rotate Right effect respect to the structure
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View Toolbar
Zoom Factor
Zoom Out
Zoom In Zoom Previous
Zoom All Zoom Window

Active Load
Dynamic Pan
Zoom

Dynamic Zoom Zooms in the selected portion of the View | Zoom | Dynamic Zoom
structure in a new view window.
Displays the entire structure within the View | Zoom | Zoom All
Zoom All
bounds of the viewing area.
Zooms in the structure by a fixed View | Zoom | Zoom In
Zoom In
percentage.
Zooms out of the structure by a fixed
Zoom Out View | Zoom | Zoom Out
percentage.
Zooms in or out of the structure by
Zoom Factor View | Zoom | Zoom Factor
specifying a magnification factor
Zooms in the selected portion of the
Zoom Window View | Zoom | Zoom Window
structure in the current view window
Pan Moves the structure in the current view View | Pan
Active Load Scrollbox for selecting the active

Results | Select Load Case
loadcase for which results are displayed
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Structure Toolbar
Symbols & Labels Loads
Cut Section Dimension
Info
Input Units
Scale
Tables
Allows user to select which tables View | Tables
Tables appear on screen
Input Units Sets the Units of length and force Tools | Set Current Unit
Cut Section Cuts cross-section of the structure Tools | Cut Section
Symbols & Turns on/off display of Beam/Node

View | Customize View, Label tab
Labels Labels, Support icons, etc.
Load Switches to the General | Load Page General | Load Page
Dimension Displays dimension of the members in
Tools | Dimension
the structure
Displays general information about the
Info Setup | Job Page, More button
structure
Scale Adjusts scales for different items such
View | Customize View, Scales tab
as Displacement, Loads, etc.
Mode Toolbar Post

Piping
Processing
Modelling Page Control

Modelling Switches to Modelling Mode Mode | Modeling
Post Processing Switches to Post-Processing Mode Mode | Post Modeling
Piping Switches to Piping Mode Mode | Piping
Page Control Turns Page Control on/off

Mode | Page Control
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Results Toolbar Bending Z Moment
Bending Y Moment Beam Stress
Torsion Plate Stress

Shear Z Force Solid Stress
Deflection Mode Shape
Shear Y Force
Results
Axial Force Shape
Animate

Displays Axial Force diagrams on the View | Customize View, Loads
Axial Force structure and Results tab
Shear Y Force Displays Shear Force Y diagrams on the View | Customize View, Loads
structure and Results tab
Shear Z Force Displays Shear Force Z diagrams on the View | Customize View, Loads
Torsion Displays Torsion diagrams on the View | Customize View, Loads
Bending Y Moment Displays Bending Moment Y diagrams View | Customize View, Loads
on the structure and Results tab
Bending Z Moment Displays Bending Moment Z diagrams Results | Bending Moment
on the structure
Displays Beam Stresses diagram on the
Beam Stress Results | Beam Stress
structure
Plate Stress Displays Plate Stress contours on the
Results | Plate Stress Contour
structure
Solid Stress Displays Solid Stress contours on the Results | Solid Stress Contour
structure
Deflection Displays the Deflected Shape on the Results | Deflection
structure
Displays Mode Shapes on the structure Results | Mode Shape
Mode Shapes
Displacement
Animate Animates the Deflection or Mode Shapes Results | Animation
Brings up the Results Setup dialog box
Results Setup for changing Load Case, Range, etc., for
None
viewing output
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Selection Toolbar Plates Cursor
Beams Cursor Solid Cursor
Node Cursor Geometry Cursor

Nodes Cursor Allows nodes to be selected Select | Nodes Cursor
Beam Cursor Allows beams to be selected Select | Beams Cursor
Plates Cursor Allows plates to be selected Select | Plates Cursor

Solid Cursor Allows solids to be selected Select | Solid Cursor
Geometry Cursor Allows any geometry to be selected Select | Geometry Cursor
Geometry Toolbar
Add 4-Noded Plates Add Solids

Snap Node / Beam
Add 3-Noded Plates
Insert Node
Add Beams Snap Node / Plate

Add Beams Allows beams to be added between Geometry | Add Beam
existing nodes
Add 3-Noded Allows triangular plates to be added Geometry | Add Plate | Triangle
Plates between existing nodes
Add 4-Noded Allows quadrilateral plates to be Geometry | Add Plate | Quad
Plates added between existing nodes
Add Solids Allows solid to be added between Geometry | Add Solid
existing nodes
Snap Node / Beam Allows beams to be created Geometry | Snap Grid/Node |
by snapping node-to-node Beam
Allows plates to be created Geometry | Snap Grid/Node |

Snap Node / Plate
by snapping node-to-node Plate
Insert Node Inserts a node into a beam/plate/solid Geometry | Insert Node
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Generate Toolbar
Circular Repeat Mirror
Translational Repeat Move Selection

Translational Copies (or repeats) selected portions Geometry | Translational Repeat
Repeat of the structure a specified number of
times at specified linear displacements
Circular Repeat Copies (or repeats) selected portions Geometry | Circular Repeat
of the structure a specified number of
times at specified circular displacements
Mirror Mirrors selected portions of the Geometry | Mirror
structure about a given axis
Moves selected members a specified Geometry | Move
distance
Structure Tools Toolbar
Support Page Specification Page
Property Page Load Page

Property Page Brings up the General | Property Page General | Property
Support Page Brings up the General | Support Page General | Support
Specification Page Brings up the General | Spec Page General | Spec
Load Page Brings up the General | Load Page General |Load
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EDP
Electronic Data Processing (EDP)

Hardware - refers to the computer itself and peripherals
Software - refers to program and data
Peopleware - refers to the user / operator
COMPUTER HARDWARE (Parts and History)
A. Systems Unit
A box shape part of computer containing the computer’s CPU (Central
Processing Unit), motherboard, interface cards, simm rams, data storage
device & drives. The most popular models is Pentium III. The PC AT's
were obsolete models and were popular day the 80's.
Development of IBM-PC / compatible computers

IBM/PC or PC compatible.
I. 80286 model - a clone of IBM's AT which was based on Inte 80286 microprocessor
and can address 16 MB of memory, but it was always operated with PC or MS
DOS (obsolete).
II.80386 Model - a computer built around a 80386 microprocessor. It uses the same
bus (internal communications system) as an 80286 machine. An 80386 CPU, due
to hardware design, limits physical memory to 16 MB.
Intel Micro-processor
a. 80386-Sx
b. 80386-Dx
III. 80486 model - a computer built around an 80486 microprocessor. Data transfer was 32 bits per cycle, it
had a built-in math-coprocessor and can accomodate 8MB cache. An 80486 can address 64 MB of
physical memory (obsolete).
Main processor Expansion slots
a 80486 Dlc no math-co CPU clock
for I/O devices
b. 80486-Sx no math-co
c. 80486-Dx built-in math-co
d. 80486-Dx2 built-in math-co
IV Pentium 450 MHZ to 1 GHz, latest PIII

has 512k 2 level cache. It has an Intel speed
step technology. which allows faster internet
communication & amazing 3D display &
animation.The PIII -1GHz is equipped with
an advance 0.18 micron processor. Memory Cache
SIMM RAMS
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EDP
B. Input Devices
1. KEYBOARD - It is a primary input device for every computer. Used for entering commands and texts,
although this medium of data entry is limiting to a non typist user.
2. MICE - small square devices with a cord connecting to the computer which use the table top to point
to various objects and menus on the screen. They are functional for computer-aided design, free-form
drawing, setting margins and tabs in word processing.
mouse Track ball
3. DIGITIZER- Tablets used in combination w/ a puck, light

pen or stylus. Great for computer-aided design and engineering.
Stylus pen Digitizer with stylus pen

Cursor (puck)
and cursor (puck)
4. JOYSTICK - Popular for playing computer games. It can be moved in several directions.
5. TOUCH SCREENS - Works by merely pointing your finger at something on the screen. They work
well for pictorial images, but not for text.
6. LIGHTPENS- Pen shaped devices used to point objects & menus on screen. Used in CAD systems.
7. TOUCHPADS - Most common device in a laptop PC computers. It can be also seen in commercial
uses like in automatic banking machines, appliances, and as key replacement
for traditional cash register keys.
8. BARCODE SCANNERS - used to scan UPC codes to enter and

automatically print out item names & prices. They can also be used
for inventory tracking systems and for education.
9. SCANNERS - Digitize image(photograph) into a bitmap file. For full bed scanner
converting drawings into raster file. Scanners come in different sizes,
from a hand scanner to an E-size equipment. Raster file from scanned manually drafted drawings must
converted into a vector file (using software like Draftsman) to be accepted within a CAD program.
10. VOICE INPUT -Works for a single user systems, and for applications with a limited vocabulary.
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EDP
C. Output Devices
1. MONITORS
9" to 21" size, considerations when buying a monitor are resolution, dot
pitch, plug & play capability & manufacrurer.
Development of Display Adapters:
-MDA, Monochrome Display Adapter - introduced in 1981, IBM’s origi

nal display standard offering 720 x 348 at 18.1 KHz with one color. It was a text based video stan-
dard and not designed to generate graphics. (obsolete)
-CGA, Color Graphics Adapter - Also introduced in 1981, it was the simplest and first color video standard
available. It offered a resolution of 640 x 200 (monochrome) and 320 x 240 (color graphics) at 15.75
KHz. (obsolete)
-Hercules Graphics Adapter - monochrome video standard, similar to IBM’s MDA; however, it was de-
signed to display graphics at a resolution of 720 x 348 with a horizontal scan rate of 18.43. It was
introduced in 1982. (obsolete)
-PGA, Professional Graphics Adapter - first attempt of high resolution graphics. It offered 840 x 350
resolution at 32.5 KHz and a display of 256 simultaneous colors.(obsolete)
-EGA, Enchanced Graphics Adapter - 640 x 350 resolution at 21.85 KHz. introduced in 1984, it
offered 16 colors from a pallete of 64. (obsolete)
-MCGA, Multi Color Graphics Array - the low-end product for PS/2 family,
1987. It offered 320 x 200 resolution with 256 colors or 640 x 480 resolu
tion with two colors. (obsolete)
-VGA, Video Graphics Array - introduced in 1987, and formed as an integral

part of PS/2 line. It offered a high resolution up to 640 x 480 at 31.50KHz
and can display uo to 256 colors (obsolete). Super vga
video display
-SVGA, Super VGA - an extended implementation of VGA. It offers 800 x 600 resolution and up to
1600 x 1280 res. in either 16, 256, 16bit, 24 bit and up to true colors at 50 to 90KHz and 0.28 Dot pitch.
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EDP
Printing Hardware Devices

1. Dot Matrix Printers - form letters out of a combination of dots. They are faster
and less expensive than other type of printers. Uses ribbons for ink-source
2. Laser Printers - offers a superb print quality, equal

to typesetting, and a wide variety of font types & sizes.
Laser printer are fast but quite expensive.
Uses powder toner for ink-source.
3. Inkjet - Good print quality, cheaper than

HP Laser printer laser printers. Uses liquid toner for ink-
source
3. Plotters
Sizes ranges from A to E dimensions. Prints using different paper
media, pen types and colors. They are essential for CAD. Types
Inkjet plotter
of plotters are:
-Large Format Inkjet Plotters - It is the cheapest and widely used

Large Format Plotter for CAD & poster output. It uses CMYK
liquid toner, dye-based (for indoor) or pigmented (for outdoor -
6 months maximum.)
-Large Format Laser Printers - up to E-size output, and may pro

duce hi-resolution color/mono prints.
Pen Plotters -either Drum type (roller beds) or XY type (flatbed).

Pen plotters had to 20 or more pens (ink pen/lead pen), though Flatbed pen plotter
most software restricted the number to eight. Sizes ranges
from A to E (obsolete).
-Thermal Plotters - no pens, no toners, and no noise. Thermals

ranges from A to E; With resolutions up to 400 dpi and
plots 10x faster than pen plotters. Thermal plotters use a
special media.
-Electrostatic Plotter - process begins as the plotter electrically

charges a special media, attaches toner to that charge,removes
excess toner, then dries the plot. Vector images (line) are
converted first into raster (dot) image before processing
begins. Resolutions range from 200 dpi to 400 dpi, and most
are D-E sizes (for outdoor display).
Flatbed pen plotter
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EDP
Data Storage Anything where electronic data can be stored.

1. RAM (Random Access Memory) - is a primary storage media, a chips where installed in your PC
board SIMM RAM (Single In-line Memory Module) measured in bytes. All data are temporary stored in
this media and transfer later on a secondary storage media like floppy disk, hard disk or any medium
where you can store and can be retrieve your data.
2. Floppy Disk - Floppy disks come in two sizes. 5-1/4"(360K & 1.2 Mb
obsolete.) and 3-1/2" (720K & 1.44 Mb.) Floppy disks are made of polyure-
thane or Mylar and are covered with iron oxide. Floppy disk is housed with a
protective flexible plastic jacket. It has a center hole (main shaft), a small hole
(index), a head slot (read/write) and a small square notch (write-protect notch).
It spins at a rate of 300 rpm inside a disk drive. The magnetic polarity of the
disk recording surface allows binary-encoded data (1's & 0's) to be stored. Disk
drive read/write heads read data stored on the disk (floppy or hard) by determining the polarity of the
magnetic fields at each point on the disk. Read/write heads store data on the disk by emitting magnetic
pulses that change the polarity of magnetic fields. 360KB drives cannot format, read from, or write to a
1.2Mb floppy disk. However, high capacity disk drives can be used to format a 360 KB disk.
3.Hard Disk - A fixed disk drive installed inside your CPU or remov-
able type. It offers a capacity of 4.3 - 8.4 (common size) to 21 gb. It
stores and retrieves data much faster than floppy disk drive. The AT
Hard Disk perform twice faster than XT’s Hard Disk. Hard Disk is
ideal for applications involving large amount of data and softwares.
Hard disk consists of aluminum platters that are coated with iron ox-
ide. It rotates at 3600 rpm, to be stored on the disk’s surface.
4.3 GB Hard Disk
Multi-IO card/ Hard disk controller
4.Magnetic Tape - good as back-up storage of large data. It comes

with a special drive, and access to data is usually sequential.
5. Compact Disk (CDROM)

Tape drive
CD ROM CD ROM with CD ROM drive

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EDP
SOFTWARES
A. Application Softwares
Softwares used to solve some need of the user. They can either be purchased or custom written in program-
ming languages (see programming languages for det.).
The following are main types of purchased softwares available in the market today
1. WORD PROCESSING
Designed to replace function ordinarily performed on a type writer or manually; MS Word is an example
of a popular word processing software today.
2. SPREADSHEET / ACCOUNTING SOFTWARE
Used for applications otherwise performed with a pencil, calculator and accounting worksheet; Useful for
budgeting, accounts payable/receivables, cash flow analysis. Microsoft Excel is a popular spreadsheet
package today.
3. COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN AND DRAFTING
Used for design and drafting program of architectural, and engineering drawing. Popular software are
AutoCAD, Intergraph, Draw Base, etc.
4. DATABASE
Used for organizing and presenting data in several manners, depending in purpose. Database manage
ment software packages includes Microsoft Access, dBASE & FoxPRO.
5. PAINT PROGRAM
Used to print/retouch photograph images; unlike CAD, most paint programs are for freehand Drawings;
lesser in dimensional accuracy. Popular softwares are Corel Photo Paint, Adobe Photoshop, Fractal De-
igns and PC Paintbrush
6. DESKTOP PUBLISHING SOFTWARE
Unlike a wordprocessor software, it provides a variety of fonts and is designed for page layouting. Desk
top software are efficient alternative to manual typesetting in several cases. Popular softwares include
PageMaker, CorelDraw & Microsoft Publisher.
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EDP
7. INTEGRATED SOFTWARE
A group of softwares performing several functions such as as word processing, spreadsheet calculation,
presentation database management, graphics and data communication. Popular software includes MS
Office.
8. EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE
Used in schools and Institution to enhance teaching of basic skills to students such as reading, math,
spelling, geography, biology and history.
B. Operating System Programs
Translate commands typed in by user into computer understable terms (bits & bytes). The 3 main PC system
programs are CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessor), MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System),
Microsft Windows 98 / 99 / NT & PC-DOS (Personal Computer Disk Operating System).
C. Network Software
Network Software and Hardware allow user to conduct and interchange information from PC to another PC
computers. A Typical consists of a PC computers (Pentuim or Higher processor type) as a host computer with
up to 72 PC’S attached. Cost advantages to a network include shared software and printers, and less expen-
sive terminals than a stand alone system. Popular software are Windows NT, Novell and 3-Com.
D. Communication Software
Used to share information between PC and a Mainframe or Minicomputer and Access “Public Bulletin Board”
and “World Wide Web” for information such as stock reports, reservation, etc. Popular software includes
Relay, smartcon, Crosstalk and Gateway.
E. Programming Languages
Used for communication directions to the computer. A programmer does not normal write program in ma-
chine language but instead write them in a source language which will translated into a machine language for
execution on the computer upon loading. Popular programming languages include Assembler, BASIC, C/
C++, dBASE and Pascal.
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Windows
Using Microsoft Windows 95

Windows 95 is an operating system run on most IBM PC or compatible. Windows 95 is much easier and
faster than previous operating systems used by an IBM PC (DOS).
Hardware Requirements
Processor Type - IBM PC / Compatible 80486, Pentium (recommended)
Memory - 8MB or greater
Hard Drive - 150MB or greater
CD ROM Drive - optional
Video Display - Super VGA
Pointing Device - Mouse
Microsoft Windows 95 Screen (Desktop)

Here is a typical look of a Windows 95 desktop screen everytime you start Windows 95 or depend-
ing on how your computer was set up.
Start Button- To start installed programs, open document, change

system settings, find files, and exploring windows 95.
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Windows
Navigating Windows 95 using a mouse(Pointing Device)
As you move your mouse on a flat surface, your pointer moves on your screen. On the principles that first you
place your mouse pointer on (point to) something on your screen, and then click with a mouse button to
perform action on that item.
To point, move the mouse until the tip of the pointer is over
the item or are you want to point to. then you can do the
following:
Click : Press and release the left mouse once
Double Click : Quickly press and release the left

mouse button twice
Right Click : Press and release the right button

once to show shortcut menu.
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Windows
Accessing files and folders
My Computer
You can use My Computer to quickly and easily see

everything on your computer. Double-click the My Com-
puter icon on the desktop to browse through your files
and folders.
Exploring Local Drives:
To list Contents of a disk

To list all files and folders to all local drives
To find specific files or folder
To copy / duplicate the entire contents to another media or

disk
To prepare a new disk to a readable media.
note : entire contents of this disk may lost
To get available amount and remaining disk space.
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Windows
Exploring Files and Folders / Sub-Directories : -
In Windows Explorer, you can see both the hierarchy of folders on your computer and all the files and folders
in each selected folder. This is especially useful for copying and moving files. You can open the folder that
contains the file you want to move or copy, and then drag it to the folder you want to put it in.
Files :
A file is a collection of related data items. It is the basic unit of data storage
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Windows
Folders / Sub-Directory:
Your documents and programs are stored in folders, which you can see in My Computer and Windows
Explorer. In previous versions of Windows and DOS, folders were called directories.
Opening a file or folder
- point and click on a specific folder, then use right button of a mouse. Then select open on selection
menu.
opening a folder or a file can be performed by double clicking.
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Windows
Navigating Active Window

Minimize
Title bar Maximize
End task/
Menu Bar window
Scroll arrow
Scroll bar
Status bar
No. of files on current
folder.
-
Changing View At menu bar select View
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Windows
Creating New Folder :
Note : Use right click on current desktop (active window). do not point any files or folder.
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Windows
Copying, Deleting and Renaming a file or Folder :

Send To - To create a duplicate data and send it to floppy disk.
Copy - to copy a files or a folder to send it to another folder or to another media (disk).
Select any files you want to copy then use

right click of a mouse then select Copy.
Select Cut if you want to transfer files.
hint : you can select a multiple files to copy

while holding CTRL key.
Now, open any folder or drive where you

want to put selected files(s) to copy. Use
right click then select Paste.
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Windows
Delete - to erase a selected file(s) or folder and send it to trashcan
hint : holding CRTL key can be use to select

multiple files to delete.
Rename - simple as to change file name or a folder name.
old name new name
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Windows
Formatting a New Disk :
Format options :
Disk Capacity - Specifies how much

data disk can hold. To select capacity,
click down arrow, and then click an
option on list
Format type :
Quick - Removes all files from the

disk but doesn't scan for bad sectors.
The quick format option will only work
on disks that have previously been
formated.
Full - prepare a disk that can store in-

formation (data) Formatting will re-
move all files and it will scanned for
bad sectors after it is formatted.
System - Copies system files that you

can use in your startup drive (A: or C:
on common computer). You can start
your computer by using that Disk
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Windows
Disk / Files Utilities
When you want to view or change in-

formation about any item, such as a
document, program, folder, disk
drive, or printer, you can look at its
properties. Use the right mouse but-
ton to click the item, and then click
Properties on the menu.
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Windows
Control Panel :
Using control panel to control the way Windows looks and works.
Double click the icon that represents the settings you want to
change
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Windows
Changing video display :

It will allow you to define the number of pallete, where you can select
from 16, 256, 16 bit or even up to 32bit (true colors). Settings may
vary depending on hardware installed on your computer(Video Adapter
and Video display type).
A bitmap image(*.BMP) is required with this option, to allows

you to change desktop background(Wall paper).
A screen saver displays moving images, which prevent damage

to your screen. The screen saver starts automatically if com-
puter is idle for a specified amount of time.
Used to change the appearance of many screen elements. The

screen elements in each scheme are diffrent colors, sizes, and
formats.
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Windows
Pointing device properties
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Windows
Adding New local printers
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Windows
Ending Session
Shut down the computer -This prepares your computer to be turned off, and
saves any Windows setting that had been changed and writes any information
that is currently stored in memory to your hard disk.
Restart the computer - Saves any Windows setting that had been changed and
writes any information that is currently stored in memory to your hard disk,
then restart your computer.
Restart the computer in

MS-DOS MODE - Starts your computer in typical MS-DOS mode to run
programs, such as MS-DOS games, that will not run under Windows. When
you are finished using MS-DOS mode type exit or win to return to Windows.
Page 180
MICROCADD Technologies
MICROCADD Technologies Co.
Co. http://www.microcadd.com••e-mail:
http://www.microcadd.com e-mail:mcad@microcadd.com
mcad@microcadd.com
MAIN OFFICE:
MAIN OFFICE: FULFILLMENT CENTERS:
FULFILLMENT CENTERS: STAAD / Pro
Suite504
Suite 504Doña
DoñaConsolacion
ConsolacionBldg.
Bldg. GIII-BGround
GIII-B GroundFloor,
Floor,The
TheGallery
GalleryBuilding
Building GroundFloor,
Ground Floor,Carpark
CarparkPlaza,
Plaza, 5th Level, SM Manila
62Gen.
62 Gen.Santos
SantosAve.,
Ave.,Cubao,
Cubao,Quezon
QuezonCity
City AmorsoloSt.,
Amorsolo St.,Legaspi
LegaspiVillage,
Village,Makati
MakatiCity
City SM City
SM City North
North EDSA,
EDSA, Quezon
Quezon City
City Manila AutoCAD 2000
911-2062••911-2055
911-2062
911-2055••437-8881
437-8881 894-2580••843-6519
894-2580
843-6519 926-3297••926-3298
926-3297
926-3298••926-3286
926-3286 484-1365 • 522-9272 • 522-9273
Checklist for STAAD.Pro
Saturday 12:00 - 8:00 pm
Name of Teacher : ________________ Date Started : ________________

No. of students : ________________ Date to End : ________________
Branch/Room : ________________ Folder name : ________________
DAY 1 Date: __________________

EDP / Windows / Overview of STAAD / Menu Organization
Command Formats / Type of Structures / Unit Systems
Structure Geometry & Coordinate System / Joint Coordinates
Member Incidences
Exercise : Modeling of Howe truss
DAY 2 Date: __________________

Editing of Structure Geometry / Group Definitions / Member Properties
Constants / Supports / Loadings / Design Parameters & Commands
Analysis / Interpretation of Result (Steel)
DAY 3 Date: __________________

Modeling of 4-storey bldg. /Group Definitions/ Member Properties
Element Thickness /Constants / Member Specification
Support Specification
DAY 4 Date: __________________

Con’t 4-storey - Loadings / UBC / Analysis / Design Parameters
Design commands (beams, columns, & footings) / Run Analysis
Interpretation of Results
Saturday 1:00 - 7:00 pm Sunday 1:00 - 7:00 pm

DAY 1 Date: __________________

Member Incidences
Exercise : Modeling of Howe truss
DAY 2 Date: __________________

Con’t Structure Modeling / Editing of Structure Geometry
Group Definitions / Member Properties/Constants / Supports / Loadings
Design Parameters & Commands / Analysis
DAY 3 Date: __________________

Interpretation of Result (Steel)
Modeling of 4-storey bldg. / Member Properties
DAY 4 Date: __________________

Group Definition / Element Thickness / Constants / Member Specification
Support Specification / Loadings
DAY 5 Date: __________________

UBC / Analysis / Design Parameters
Design commands (beams, columns, & footings)
DAY 6 Date: __________________

Run Analysis
T - Th 1:00 - 5:00 pm Sunday 8:30 - 12:30 pm

DAY 1 Date: __________________
Member Incidences
Exercise : Modeling of Howe truss(introduction)
DAY 2 Date: __________________

Con’t Structure Modeling / Editing of Structure Geometry
Group Definitions / Member Properties/Constants / Supports
DAY 3 Date: __________________

Loadings /Design Parameters & Commands / Analysis
DAY 4 Date: __________________

Modeling of 4-storey bldg / Member Properties / Group Definition
Element Thickness / Constants
DAY 5 Date: __________________

Member Specification / Support Specification / Loadings
DAY 6 Date: __________________

UBC / Analysis Design Parameters
DAY 7 Date: __________________

Design commands (beams, columns, & footings)
DAY 8 Date: __________________

Run Analysis
T - Th 6:00 - 9:00 pm

DAY 1 Date: __________________
EDP / Windows
DAY 2 Date: __________________
Overview of STAAD / Menu Organization
Member Incidences
DAY 3 Date: __________________

Modeling of Howe truss
DAY 4 Date: __________________

Editing of Structure Geometry
Group Definitions / Member Properties
DAY 5 Date: __________________
Constants / Supports / Loadings
DAY 6 Date: __________________
Loadings /Design Parameters & Commands / Analysis
DAY 7 Date: __________________
Modeling of 4-storey bldg / Member Properties /Group Definition
DAY 8 Date: __________________

Element Thickness / Constants / Member Specification
DAY 9 Date: __________________
Support Specification / Loadings
DAY 10 Date: __________________

UBC / Analysis Design Parameters
DAY 11 Date: __________________

Design commands (beams, columns, & footings) / Run Analysis

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MICROCADD

- Master Reseller of Research Engineers, Inc. for

- Best Performing Autodesk Authorized Training

- ASEAN ATC (Authorized Autodesk Training

- Recipient of “Best Instructor Award” for the

To all engineers, architects

To all students who participated in

To all companies who entrusted

their staff to us for training

To Research Engineers Inc., who developed

We dedicate this manual.

About StaadPro ....................................................................................... 1

Hardware/System Requirements ..................................... .................... 2

Loading Staad Program ......................................................................... 3

StaadPro Screen Organization ............................................................. 4

Different Modes of Opertions ................................................................. 5

Page/Sub-page menus in Modelling Mode .......................................... 6

Different Type of Structures .................................................................... 7

Unit System .............................................................................................. 8

Coordinate System ................................................................................. 8

Beta Angle ............................................................................................... 11

How to Create New Structure ................................................................ 13

Command Formats ................................................................................. 14

Problem Initiation and Title ..................................................................... 16

Unit Specification .................................................................................... 16

Input/Output Specification ....................................................................... 17

Joint Coordinates Specification ............................................................ 17

Defining joint node using Graphical User Interface ............................. 21

Member Incidences Specification ........................................................ 23

Creating Geometry Using Liabrary ....................................................... 26

Importing Geometry from CAD software .............................................. 31

Editing of Model Geometry

Group Command .................................................................................... 49

Element Incidence Specification ...................................... .................... 52

Built-in Steel Section Library ................................................................. 54

Member Property Specification............................................................. 57

Group Command .................................................................................... 49

Element Incidence Specification ...................................... .................... 52

Built-in Steel Section Library ................................................................. 54

Member Property Specification............................................................. 57

Element Property Specification.............................................................. 66

Exercise Steel Truss ............................................................................... 81

Load Combination .................................................................................. 86

Global Support Specification ................................................................. 89

Analysis Specification ............................................................................ 93

Load List Command ............................................................................... 95

Parameter Specifications ...................................................................... 97

Select Optimized Command ................................................................. 99

Code Checking Command .................................................................... 100

Steel Take Off Command ....................................................................... 101

Print Specification .................................................................................. 103

Draw Specification ................................................................................. 109

Sample Input File (Steel Truss) ............................................................. 112

Tabulated Results of Steel Design ........................................................ 115

Plan of Four-Storey Commercial Bldg. ................................................. 116

UBC 1997 Load Definition .................................................................... 125

Concrete Design Specification ............................................................. 127

Concrete Take Off Command ................................................................ 134

Footing Design Specification ................................................................ 136

StaadPro Toolbars .................................................................................. 151

EDP .......................................................................................................... 158

Windows .................................................................................................. 165

In STAAD.Pro, the focus is on productivity. STAAD.Pro addresses the entire pro-