CONTEMPORARY ART OTHER ART FORMS

 Art of today produced by 21st century artists - Choreography

 Provides opportunity to reflect on contemporary society - Literary and Music Composition
and relevant issues
- Musical instrument
 Contemporary artists work in globally influenced,
culturally diverse, and technologically advancing world - Film (drama)/ broadcast
o Working in a wide range of mediums - Architecture, design, and allied arts
o Reflects and comments on modern-day society
TIMELINE OF PHILIPPINE ARTS
WHY STUDY CONTEMPORARY ARTS?
Pre –13thC.AD Ethnic Art Integral to life
1. Shared Experience
13thC. AD Islamic Art Geometric designs
2. Natural Human Behavior
1521 –1898 Spanish Era Faith and Catechism
3. Tells Our Story
1898 –1940 English Era Secular Forms of Art
4. Communication
5. Healing 1941 –1945 Japanese Era Orientalizing
1946 –1969 Modern Era National Identity
KEY CHARACTERISTICS 1970’s –present Contemporary Era Social Realism
PRE-CONQUEST
1. Conceptual
2. Social - Focus: Integral to Life
3. Expressive
ART TERMS
4. Popular culture
5. Poetic  Historical Terms
6. Biographical o before the coming of the first colonizers as “pre-
7. Documentary conquest”
8. Sense-related  Stylistic Terms
o “indigenous”
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
o idea that our ancestors have been making art
 Bold strokes, bright colors even before colonization
 Abstract, Expressionist, and Surrealist  Cultural Terms
 Arts became public o “pre-colonial” General way of life before
 Some artists were self-taught colonization
 Different materials were used instead of the traditional
Was there “art” before colonization?
 Originality is not an issue

CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS
- woven into the fabric of everyday life
- Everyday expressions were all integrated within rituals
1. Fine/Aesthetic Arts (major) - Communal functionality of indigenous art
- Aesthetic enjoyment through senses (especially audio
and visual) BEGINNINGS OF ARTS
2. Practical/Utilitarian Arts (minor)
- Hunter Gatherers told stories about their hunt, imitating
- For practical use movements and sounds in the environment which starts
- Changing raw materials for utilitarian purpose the evolution of ritual, music, dance, theatre and even
- Possess ornaments or artistic qualities to make them literature.
useful and beautiful - telling the story of the hunt - oral storytelling - literature
- Industrial Art (raw materials forming significant - imitated the movements of the animals - theatre or play
products), Household /Applied Art (embroidery, acting
cooking, etc.), Civic Art (civic planning), Commercial
- add beating attach a rhythm to their movements - music
Art (business propagandas), Graphic Art (printed from
and dance
raised or plane surfaces)
RITUALS

PLACE RITUAL DESCRIPTION

Mayvanuvanu
Batanes -
a
Cordillera Autonomous Cañao or
officiated by a shaman or mumbaki also involves animal sacrifice
Regions Kanyaw
ensure abundance during rice planting;
Lake Lanao in Mindanao Kashawing
re-enactment by ancestors of the community and the unseen spirits that inhabit the lake
 every thirteenth moon, three goddesses descend from heaven to bless the planting rice;
Tagbanwa in Palawan -
shamans go into a trance amidst ritual chanting and dancing, believed to be taken over the goddesses

PAINTINGS

Tattoos - Anthropomorphic Burial Jars (Mindanao)

- Kendi – liquid container
- The pintados inhabitants of the Visayan Islands as ISLAS DE
LOS PINTADOS described by the first Spaniards - Gadur – food container

- Use of sharp metal instruments previously heated over fire - Lotoans (betel nut boxes) – by the Maranao of Lanao del
Sur
- PURPOSE:
o protect the individual from evil spirits and some ARCHITECTURE
cases
o badge of maturity and bravery - Tausog House
o House built on flat dry land or a site that slopes
Silup towards Mecca is lucky.

- tattooing imitated the upper garment worn by the men of

- Torogan
o This ancestral house home of Maranao sultan or
north Kalinga
datu has a soaning, salakot-shaped roof, ornate
- women of south Kalinga painted their faces a bright red
beans and massive posts – all proclaiming
SCULPTURE exalted status
- Bale
- high artistic level through pottery, jewelry, and wood o Ifugao house
carving
- early Filipino painting can be found in red slip (clay mixed MUSIC
with water) designs embellished on the ritual pottery
- ancient Filipinos had music from birth to death
- Ex. MANUNGGUL JAR is a secondary burial jar excavated
- Bamboo Zither (Bukidnon) – chordophones that
from a Neolithic burial site in Manunggul cave of Tabon
accompany ethnic dances and songs
Caves at Palawan
- Gaddang (Cordillera) – flat gongs made of copper-and-iron
WOOD CARVINGS alloy
- Kulintang (Maranao) – may be supported by DABAKAN or
- Ukkil (Okir) - etched on coral gives a grave distinctive conical drum
marker known as Sunduk
- Kudyapi – three stringed guitar
- Bulul (Cordillera) – granary Hagabi (Ifugao) – wooden
- Gansa - flat gongs
bench that marks the socio-economic status of owner
- Agong - large bossed gong
FILIPINO DANCE

PLACE DANCE DESCRIPTION

Cordillera Banga
Cordillera Lumagen or Tachok
- Bendayan (Bendian)
- Manmanok
- Turayen
Cordillera Ragsaksakan
- Salisid
- Salip/Talip
- Tarektek
- Tribal dance
- Malakas at Maganda
South Cotobato Kadal Blelah
- strength and grace of Kalinga women
- Banga on their head and dancing to the beat of wind chimes
- danced by kalinga maiden in happy celebrations (first born son, wedding or budong)
- celebrate the successful arrival of the headhunters
- imitates predatory birds
- imitates birds
- portrays Kalinga women carrying water pits in the head and wearing hand woven
"blanket of life"
- courtship in which performers represents the rooster/male attempting to attract a
hen/female
- mimics the movements of wild fowls
- mimics woodpeckers with blanket as a prop
- includes the repertory of sacred and secular traditional dances of the Philippines,
notable for its combination of grace and vigour
- tells the story of the origin of the Filipino people
- mimics movements of birds
 South Cotobato Kadal Tahaw - mimics the hopping/flying of Tahaw bird performed to celebrate good harvest

- Binaylan
- from Bagobo tribe that imitates the movements of a hen, her banog or baby chicks, and
a hawk
Bagobo Rice Cycle/
-
Sugod Uno
- portrays the step-by-step cycle rice culture
Bukidnon Dugso - a thanksgiving dance from Talaindig tribe
TRADITIONAL FILIPINO DANCES

 Tinikling ISLAMIC ART

o considered the Philippine national folkdance
o uses two long bamboo sticks, clap sticks for
dancers to artistically and daringly try to avoid
getting their feet caught
 Singkil
o four bamboo sticks
o a tic-tac-toe pattern
o identifiable with the use of umbrellas and silk
clothing
 Binasuan
o “with the use of drinking glasses”
o vibrant dance requiring balancing skills – glasses
filled with rice wine placed on the head and
danced gracefully
 Pangalay
o festival dance in Sulu that mimics the
movements of seabirds for wedding celeb
 Mandayas' Kinabua (hawk dance)
o portrays how they attract hens
 Banog-banog
o from Higaonon and B'laan tribe that mimics the
movement of a hawk
 Blit B'laan
o mimicking the movements of the male and
female birds during mating season
 Manmanok
o Bagobos' dance
o imitates the movements of predatory birds
 Talip
o ifugaos' dance
o used in courtship and is mimetic the movements
of wild fowls
 Matigsalugs’ INAMONG and T’bolis’ KADALIWAS
o represent the comedic movements of monkeys
WEAVING
 Fabrics – abaka, cotton, pineapple, bark cloth
 Nipis
 Textiles, Clothes, Rugs, Baskets and Hats
o pis siyabit – headpiece of Tausug tribe
 malong – headpiece
 langkit – panels woven by Maranaos
 tepo – mat of the Sama of Tawi-Tawi
 nito – basket of Itbayan, Batanes
 bubo – fish traps in Ilocos
JEWELRY
 characterized by geometric designs and patterns eliciting
focus from the believers
 Quran (holy book) and Madrasa (religious school) -
teaching of Arabic writing
MAIN BELIEFS OF ISLAM THAT AFFECTED THE INTERPRETATION OF
ARTS
 Being an ummah or a community of believers
 Doctrine of Tahwid of unity of God (central to the Islamic
faith)
 Prof. Abraham Sakili - impermanence of nature and the
incomprehensible greatness of the divine being can be
related to reality
 God is above and beyond all things
Architecture: Mosque
 Mihrab and Qibla wall are facing west (Mecca)
 Great Mosque of Mecca and its bulbous dome — how the
order of the universe is imagined
 Dome —all level of cosmic existence
 Octagonal base — spirit
 Four-sided main base — earth or material world
 Ka'bah (in the courtyard) — a black shrine
 An area for water supply, like fountain — for cleansing
before entrance
 Garden –-- are evocative of paradise
*Islams rejects the direct copying of images from nature but it
somewhat the inspiration of the curvilinear and flowing forms of the
ukil/okir
 Okir/Ukil - curvilinear decorations employed in
woodcarving
 Luhul Or Canopy - Motifs from the "Tree of Life"
 Burraq - A horse with a head of a woman
 Sakili –“material earth”
 Panolong - symbolises power and prestige.
 Nāga or known as Serpent
 Mythical Sarimanok - a chicken like figure that carries a
fish in its beak
SPANISH ERA
 Art became a handmaiden of religion, serving to propagate
the Catholic faith and thus support the colonial order at
the same time.

 lost wax or cire perdue – process that involves the use of SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD (1521 – 1898)
mould filled with liquefied metal that eventually hardens
  PLAZA COMPLEX – Natives were forcibly resettled in
towns structure
 Municipio or local government office of the church
 HISPANIC CHURCHES – Baroque style was predominantly
employed
 Cruciform churches following the shape of Latin
cross
 Characterized by grandeur, drama, and
elaborate details that purposely appealed to the
emotions.
1. San Agustin Church (Manila)
2. Morong Church in Rizal
3. Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
4. Sto Tomas de Villanueva Church in
Miag-ao, Iloilo
Santos or Saints
 Essential to worship; under the strict watch of and
patronage of the church
 Made of ivory or wood; classical and baroque models
Ex. Painting of Nuestra Senora del Rosario in Bohol (inspired
from kuanyin - the deity of mercy in East Asian Buddhism)
Greek and Roman Classical Influence
 Santos are displayed in decorative altar niche called
retablo.
 Via Crucis – 14 paintings depicting Christ crucifixion and
resurrection.
 Tromp l’oeil – “fooling the eye”
 Church altars are sometimes decorated with carved
figurative protrusions on the surface called relieves; or
with the organic designs of hammered silver or the
plateria where it applied in the body of carroza.
Western Music and Musical Instruments
 1742 - Catholic liturgical music was introduced.
 Pasyon or Pabasa - the biblical narration of Christ passion
chanted in an improvised melody; Attonal and repetitive.
Secular Music Forms
 Awit and Corrido - chanted stories based on European
literature and history.
 Kundiman and Balitao – sentimental love songs or
lullabies
 19th century - revolutionary sentiments began to develop.
Example: Kundiman – became a vehicle for resistance.
Printmaking
16th Century - reprographic art of printmaking was introduced in the
Philippines; applying the technique of xylography or woodcut
printing
 Mangyans of Mindoro – bamboo poles etched with
Baybayan script depicting short poems of courtship and
emotional concerns.
 Ticao, southern province of Ilocos Norte – discovered a
huge stone containing Baybayan writings of invocation for
a safe sea journey. (evidence of pre-colonial writing
system)
 Printed Literature – forms of cathechism that taught the
locals to read and write but most importantly to
evangelize.
Local Theater Forms
 Developed earlier than literary fiction
 Zarzuela – operetta that features singing and dancing that
was popular in the 19th century.
 The first zarzuela was in Spanish and featured a
European cast.
 Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan – wrote zarzuela
in Tagalog and were the most distinguished playwrights of
their day.
 Senakulo or Passion – written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen
(1704)
 Its narrative was about Christ’s passion and
death in the Cross, adapted into verse form
translated to local language.
 Komedya – depicts the conflict between Christians and
Muslims.
 Araquio or arakyo in Nueva Ecija – performed all
throughout the seven days of the holy week.
Music and Dance
 Folk dances brought Mexican influences in the Philippines
like:
 Carinosa
 Pandango or Fandango
 Polka
 Dansa and the rigodon carry traces of the
habanera
 Jota and tango dances
Paintings
 served as an instructive function through visual
interpretation of biblical texts central texts central to
Catholic devotion
Doctrina Christiana- The Teaching of Christianity (1593) in Spanish
and in Tagalog and first printed book compiling song lyrics,
commandments and other cathechetical material
Estampas or Estampitas- prayer booklets printmaking, particularly
engraving, was developed to produce secular or non-religious works
1734 - Carta Hydrographica y Charographiaca de las Yslas Filipinas
 first scientific map of the Philippines by Jesuit priest Fr.
Pedro Murillo Vellarde with home grown talents, the
artist Francisco Suarez and the engraver Nicolas dela Cruz
Bagay
Altars- comprised of delicate santos placed in:
a. viriña- a bell-shaped glass case
b. urna- a humbler, domestic version of a retablo
 Both artworks have been interpreted as searing
reminders of the Philippines’ oppression under Spanish
Rule
 Rizal toasting to the two painters' good health and citing
their win as evidence that Filipinos and Spaniards were
equals. (“genius knows no country. It was during this
occasion that Rizal spoke of the importance of paintings
as the propagandist campaigned for reforms in the
Philippines.”)
“SPAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES”

Bahay na bato (Stone House)- which housed rich and prominent Spanish Colonial Art Period (1521 – 1898)
families; has miniaturist style ex: Portrait of the Quiazon Family
(1800)  Introduced:
1. Formal Painting
Other Renowned Miniature Painters 2. Sculpture
3. Architecture
 Antonio Malantic, Isidro Arceo, Dionisio de Castro,
Justiniano Asuncion Filipino “Antique” furniture and carvings
 Letras y Figuras
Baroque inspired- made by Juan Flores, Father of Pampanga
-combining names of individuals and vignettes of everyday
sculpture and woodcarving
life.
 Water Carriers Uprising of the Philippine Artist
 Primeras Letras  Formation of the elite Filipino class (the Illustrado)
 Jose Honorato Lozano  Offered rich locals to study abroad
-practitioner of this art where the tipos del pais are
 A more “academic” and “western” approach has been
painstakingly rendered within the graphic outline of letters
learned
spelling out the name of a person or family in watercolour
 Filipino Classicism is formed that borrowed Classicism,
on paper.
Romanticism and Impressionism
 Madrid Exposition – 1884
Damian Domingo, Father of Filipino Painting
 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts (where Amorsolo
received his medal)  First Filipino to paint his own face, which is the first self-
 Juan Luna won gold medal for Spoliarium portrait in the Philippines
 Tipos del Pais art style
 Hidalgo won silver for Virgenes Christianas
Expuestas al Populacho
 Both artworks showed artistic excellence which proved Juan Luna y Novicio (1st of 2 internationally renowned artists)
to be at the same level of standards set by the European
academy.  Filipino painter, sculptor and political activist of the
Philippines
 Revolution during the 19th century

TITLE PAINTER DESCRIPTION

Heaven, Earth, and Hell (1850)

Jose Dans - a map of the universe features terrifying depiction of hell
(Paete)
- series of 14 paintings
Basi Revolt Esteban Villanueva - defeat of Ilocanos who rebelled against the Spanish government’s
monopoly of basi or rice wine
Water Carriers Lorenzo Guerrero - exemplifies the use of chiaroscuro in genre of the late 19th Century
Primeras Letras (1890) Simon Flores - features a woman teaching a child how to read
Spolarium - won gold in the Madrid Exposition
España y Filipinas
Juan Luna y Novicio
- featuring two women ascending a flight of stairs. Personified by a
(1886) woman in a flowing red gown, Mother Spain patronizingly leads her
charge, a petite brown-skinned woman representing Filipinas.
Virgenes Christianas Expuestas Al Félix Resurrección
Populacho Hidalgo
- won silver in the Madrid Exposition
AMERICAN ERA In American regime, commercial and advertising arts were
integrated into the fine arts. Moreover, Americans favored idyllic
sceneries and secular form.
American Colonial Art Period (1898-1946)
 Brought education and values formation following the
“American way of life”
 Art illustrations, advertising and commercial design gained
popularity in fine arts
 Genre paintings, landscape and still life. Portraits are for
high ranking officials.
Popular Art Styles
 Neoclassicism in Architecture
o The White House
 Art Deco in the Philippines Architecture
o Chrysler Building and Metropolitan Theater
 Art Nouveau in Philippine Architecture
o Old England Building (Musee des instruments de
musique –Bruxelles) and Uy-Chaco Building
“METAMRPHOSIS THE REBIRTH OF THE METROPOLITAN THEATER”
 Best known for craftsmanship & mastery in the use of light
 1st awardee of the National Artist Award in (1972)
 Kundiman, Planting Rice, Ginebra San Miguel (logo
design)
3. Guillermo Tolentino
 National Artist Award for sculpture (1973)
 “Father of Philippine Arts”
 Amorsolo’s counterpart in sculpture
 Bonifacio Monument – symbolizes Filipinos’ cry for
freedom
 Oblation in UP
EMERGENCE OF PHILIPPINE PRE-MODERN ART: TRIUMVIRATE
OF PHILIPPINE MODERN ART
Victorio Edades, Carlos “Botong” Francisco, and Galo B.
Ocampo - introduced the Modern Art styles such as pop art,
maximalism, minimalism, abstraction, expressionism, constructivism,
magic realism, and environmental art before the World War.

Art Nouveau The Teaching of English Language

 Decorative style of art, architecture and design. Prominent  English plays from the classic to Broadway and West Ends
in US and Europe musicals are still staged and generally lucrative ventures.
 Simple, clean shapes and often with streamlined look  Vaudeville (1920) another form of theatre which the
 Expensive materials Americans that became popular
 Peninsulares – Spanish born residents of Ph.  Bodabil- the motley collections of slapsticks, songs,
dances, acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus girls, magic acts,
COMMERCIAL ART (GRAPHIC ART) and stand-up comic acts

 Commercial or art that is published for the public to see. Neoclassic Architecture
An example is the Liwayway Magazine.
 20th century a new urban pattern that responded to the
Notable Artists secular goals of education, health and governance was
imposed
1. Fabian dela Rosa
 Manila’s Post Office and Legislative Building (National Art
 Brightest name in Philippine painting after Juan
Gallery) – these monumental in scale and iconically
Luna
distinguished by thick columns.
 Nephews: Pablo and Fernando Amorsolo (artists)
 Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano, Andres Luna de San Pedro,
2. Fernando Amorsolo
and Antonio Toledo – Filipino Architects and received
 Specializes in rural landscapes
training in the Us or Europe.
TITLE PAINTER DESCRIPTION
Tanikalang Ginto
Golden Chain Juan Abad
(1902)
Hindi Ako Patay
- Playwrights nationalist sentiments for
I Am Not Dead Juan Matapang Cruz political - - protest, openly attacking
(1903) Americans
Kahapon, Ngayun, at Bukas
Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow Aurelio Tolentino
(1903)
A Modern Filipina Lino Castillejo and
(1915) Jesus Araullo
- the first Filipino play written in English.
Planting Rice
El Kundiman
Fernando Amorsolo - naturalist paintings
Oblation - signifies academic freedom
Guillermo Tolentino
Bonifacio Monument - exemplifying restraint and formality
 - showed distorted figures of tolling workers
The Builders Victorio Edades using dull colors; a shift in the treatment of
form and subject matter

Brown Madonna Galo Ocampo

- which sets the mother and child in a native,
tropical environment
- portrays a group of women harvesting
fruits in fields. At the center of the painting
Nature’s Bounty Edades, Francisco, and Ocampo
is a papaya tree and heavenly beings
hovering above.
Metropolitan Theatre Juan Arellano - Art Deco Architecture
Japanese Era Commissioned portraits of high officials such as His Excellency,
Jorge B. Vargas, Chairman of the Philippine Executive Commission,
 preference was given to the indigenous art and traditions of (1943) “Independence this Year” said His Excellency, Premier Tojo
the Philippines (1943) were also produced at this time.
Kalibapi (Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod ng Bagong Pilipinas) - Genre paintings were the most widely produced, particularly those
sponsored art competitions where Purugganan and Francisco that presented a neutral relationship between the Filipinos and the
won in 1943 -1944 Japanese through works that showed the normality of daily living.
Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere- sought to create a The colonizers also preferred works that showed indigenous and
Pan-Asian identity that rejected Western traditions pre-colonial tradition.
“Asia for Asians" (slogan) –made its way to the public through Portraits representing different ethnolinguistic groups were
Japanese sponsored publications such as Shi-Seiki and in produced.
newspapers like Liwayway and Tribune Ex. Study of Aeta (1943) by Crispin Lopez
Felipe P. de Leon (National Artist for Music) was said to have Although scenes from the war were also made, the imagery
been commanded at the point of the gun to write Awit sa remained neutral, focusing rather on the aesthetic qualities of ruin
Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas and disaster.
If art was strictly police during the Second World War, it brings
little surprise that Amorsolo’s Painting, many of which showed little
or no indication of war’s atrocities continued to be favored.
TITLE PAINTER DESCRIPTION

Awit sa Paglikha ng Bogong Pilipinas Felipe De Leon

- the anthem & conveyed allegiance to Japan.

- evoke a semblance of peace, idealized work in the

Harvest Scene countryside, and promoted values of docile
(1942) industriousness.
Fernando Amorsolo
Boming of Intendencia (1942) - draw attention to the elegant handling of value in the
billows of smoke or the pile of ruins rather than the
Ruins of Manila Cathedra (1945) urgency of the disaster itself.

Atrocities in Paco Diosdado Lorenzo - depicted the horrors of war.

Sa Kabukiran Sylvia La Torre (singer)

(1940) Levi Celerio (composer)
- offered an escape from the troubles of the war

Doomed Family
(1945)
Dominador Castañeda - depicted the horrors of war.

NEO-REALISM, ABSTRACTION, AND OTHER MODERN ART STYLES
 promising development of modern art where new kind of
modernism emerged
 Neo-Realism is observed by artist-writer E. Aguilar Cruz
 Folk themes, crafted commentaries, and urban condition
in the effects of war
 Two years later, the rift between the "Conservatives"
subscribe to the Amorsolos and Tolentinos style and
"Moderns" by Edades would resurface in the AAP art
competition
Post-Colonial Art (1946-1986) to Contemporary Period (1986 –
Present times)

Neo-Realism Artists and Artworks  Art after the War: The Growing and expanding of
Philippine Art
Conservative vs Modern 1. Philippine Modern Art (1946 – 1970)
 a.Determining what is Philippine Contemporary Art
Period is still being determined because of looseness
b. Some Philippine art historians/critics has always been
a follower of the Western Art Style and its trends
c. Philippine Modern Art Period went full swing only
after the war
d. Art Association of the Philippines (AAP) that in a way
has a strong leaning with the Modernist than the
Conservatives (traditional)
2. Philippine Post Modern Art (1970 – 1980s)
a. Creation of the Cultural Center in 1969
b. Gave a venue for all artist to experiment and explore
different art medium tying closely to the Post Modern
Art Period of the West with Pop, Installation, and
Performance Arts
c. Social realism became a heavy theme by most
Filipino Artist as a social commentary of the problem
brewing in the Philippine political and social
landscape
3. Philippine Contemporary Art (1980s to Present)
a. Sudden rise of personal computers and new
technology created a new art medium for the arts and
human expression
b. Started a new direction for the arts thus, setting the
name, momentarily, the Philippine Contemporary
Period
 Post Modern Aesthetics
- characterized by the artist's intent to portray a subject
as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique
perspective
- typified by a rejection of accepted or traditional styles
and values
Neorealism, Abstraction and Other Modern Art Styles
 Alice Guillermo
- Recounts how artists and writers reflected about national
identity as Filipinos were rising from the ashes of war
- Subject’s matter, form and content, debates between
art’s sake and art that exposed “true social conditions”
 (Emilio) E. Aguilar Cruz
- Named the movement Neo-realism
*OTHER ARTIST IN NEO REALISM
- Ramon Estella, Victor Oteyza, Romeo Tabuena
 Job Was Also a Man (Cebu based by Martino Abellana),
Carroza (by Fernando Zobel)
- Awarded by the AAP in 1953
 Art Association of the Philippines (AAP)
- Established in 1948 under the leadership of artist
Purita Kalaw-Ledesma
- Encourage art production through contests
 Philippine Art Gallery (PAG)
- Put up in 1951 through the efforts of Lydia Arguilla
and others
- A venue and laid out early programs for modern art
 Church of the Holy Sacrifice (1955) and Church of the
Risen Christ
- Within UP Diliman Campus
- Both employed concrete as primary material and
experimented with rounded or parabolic forms
 Chapel of the St. Joseph the Worker
- In Victoria, Negros
- Built by Czech American architect Antonin Raymond
- A curious combination of modern architecture with a
minimalist character and modern painting
 Abstraction (Modernist)
- Generally, consists of simplified forms to avoid
mimetic (exact copy) representation
- Non-representational or non-objective art as it
emphasizes the relationships of line, color, space or
the flatness of the canvass rather than 3D
o In the works of Constancio Bernado and particular
phase of Lee Aguinaldo’s
 Solid geometric shapes and the color of fields
NATIONAL ARTISTS
o Jose Joya
 The abstract expressionist style that plays up the
act of spontaneity is exemplified
 Uses thick and vigorous application of paint
o Fernando Zobel
 In his paintings, he uses syringes to apply paint
 This allowed him to produce works that
balanced the elements of chance and restraint
o Arturo Luz
 The use of stark linear elements as seen in Street
Musicians (1952)
o Nena Saguil
 She studied arts at UP, in States and in Spain
 Known for her canvasses filled with circles and
cell-like forms
70S TO CONTEMPORARY
Philippine Contemporary Arts
 an offshoot of social realism brought by martial law.
 became expression of people's aspiration for a just, free,
and sovereign society.
Historical Overview
 1965 Marcos’ is considered as a friend or a foe. They
influenced art industry through:
1. Marcos Regime Bloom
2. Hybriding Arts
3. Developmental Art
4. Social Realism
 discerned in the anthem or songs, aims optimism toward a
new beginning.
 Levi Celerio and Felipe Padilla de Leon composed the:
 Bagong Pagsilang.
  index of progress, refinement, radical experiment, national Opened and managed by artist professor Roberto Chabet. He
identity, and love for the country circulated in intricate considered himself as Flux artist - instrumental to CCP’s - became
network of institutions in the threads of: an establishment figure
1. Pre-modern
The Struggle for Philippine Art referred by Purita Kalaw Ledesma
2. Vernacular
which she says, "anti-museum art.”
3. Modern
4. International Under Chabet and later Raymundo Albano, CCP Museum opened its
exhibition programming influenced western avant-garde
September 21, 1972
Developmental art
 when martial law was declared that envisioned a New
Society or Bagong Lipunan.  termed by Albano

 when National chaos of emergency proportions emerged.  1971-1975 (still in the exposure phase as advanced art)

Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) - a bureaucratic entity of art
acquisition that upholds exhibition making, workshops, grants, and
awards
 created 25 June 1966 in the Executive Order 30
 inaugurated in 1969
 Designed by Leandro Locsin, crossing between the
vernacular bahay kubo and art brut minimalist structures
as shrine to High Art
 use of sand, junk, iron, non- art materials such as law
lumber, rocks
 people were shocked, scared, delighted, and satisfied by
the notion of art did not agree
 CCP reached out to regions outside Manila and beyond
through art workshops and outreach programs through
Philippine Art Supplement (PAS)

Folk Arts Theater - venue of the first Ms. Universe Pageant in the
Philippines in 1974
Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) - 1976 IMF World
Bank Conference
Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace - anticipation of a papal visit
Social realism
 various mediums, techniques, and styles was referred to
as protest art in sociopolitical issues
 struggles that the realist approaches are conscious with
regards for the oppressed and underrepresented masses

Manila Film Center - Manila International Film Festival - rival Cannes  making aesthetic decisions grounded on a common mass-
Hybriding Arts based, scientific and nationalist framework

Propped up, the authority on modern art had an avant-garde like

composer and National Artist Jose Maceda was staged in CCP
ethnomusicologist

TITLE PAINTER DESCRIPTION

The Beggars(1952)
Tube Drinkers(1954)
Gadgets II(1949)
Bar Girls(1947)
The Contrast(1940)
Hernando R. Ocampo
Genesis(1968)
Job was Also a Man
Carroza
Angry Christ
Street Musicians(1952)
Cargadores (1951)
Itak sa Puso ni Mang Juan(1978)
- Consists if the image of two women with emaciated bodies
Vicente Manansala - capturing the dreariness of poverty
- Example of transparent cubism
- Depicts half naked men almost engulfed in the presence of machines
Cesar Legaspi - Distorted by elongating or making rotund forms in a well-ordered
composition
- Distinct figurative work which expose dire human conditions amid the
backdrop of humanity
- Puts together warm-colored shapes
Martino Abellana
- Awarded by the AAP in 1953
Fernando Zobel
- It delivers pictorial overload, filling up the walls and ceiling of the altar
Alfonso Ossorio
space
Arturo Luz - pared down the figures into lines and basic shapes
Nena Saguil - figurative works with rotund features such in the painting
Antipas Delotavos - a social realist painting