LA4: (Case Study 4)

Propose a project plan to design a Multimeter and then Design

Your name:
Date:
1. Project Plan
This project is about planning, designing, and reporting a Multimeter which can measure Current
(Ammeter) and Voltage (Voltmeter) in a circuit. The problem statements are as follows.
 Design an Ammeter which can read 0-1 mA, 0-10 mA, 0-100 mA, and 0-500 mA.
 Design a Voltmeter which can read 0-1 V, 0-10 V, 0-100 V, and 0-1000 V.

2. Theory
Ohm’s Law will be used
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
Where V is the voltage, I is the current and R is the resistance.

3. Materials
 Galvanometers: 2 numbers (One for Ammeter and one for Voltmeter). The
specifications of the galvanometer is as follows:
𝐶𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝐶 = 100Ω
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 = 0 − 1𝑚𝐴
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 0.001 × 100 = 0.1𝑉

 Resistors as needed (based on calculation)

 A rotary switch/knob

4. Calculations for designed values (technical data) for Ammeter

We include a Shunt Resistance in parallel with the galvanometer for the excessive current to
pass through the shunt resistor.
 For the range of 0 to 10mA:
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐼𝑆1 = 10 − 1 = 9𝑚𝐴
0.1
𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆1 = = 11.11 Ω
0.009
 For the range of 0 to 100mA:
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐼𝑆2 = 100 − 1 = 99𝑚𝐴
0.1
𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆2 = = 1.01 Ω
0.099
  For the range of 0 to 500mA:
𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝐼𝑆3 = 500 − 1 = 499𝑚𝐴
0.1
𝑆ℎ𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆3 = = 0.20 Ω
0.499

4.1 Design (Insert your Figures with designed values (technical data) from PowerPoint for
Ammeter below).

5. Calculation for designed values (technical data) for Voltmeter

We include a Series Resistance with the galvanometer for the excessive voltage to drop
across the series resistor.
 For the range of 0 to 1V:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉𝑆1 = 1 − 0.1 = 0.9𝑉
0.9
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆1′ = = 900 Ω
0.001
 For the range of 0 to 10V:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉𝑆2 = 10 − 0.1 = 9.9𝑉
9.9
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆2′ = = 9900 Ω
0.001
 For the range of 0 to 100V:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉𝑆3 = 100 − 0.1 = 99.9𝑉
99.9
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆3′ = = 99,900 Ω
0.001
 For the range of 0 to 1000V:
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑉𝑆4 = 1000 − 0.1 = 999.9𝑉
 999.9
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑅𝑆4′ = = 999,900 Ω
0.001

5.1 Design (Insert your Figures with designed values (technical data) from PowerPoint for
Voltmeter below).