- Visayans, Samar, Leyte celebrated leading actress
- Colorful mats w/ bird & flower Opera designs - Dramatic work Tepo Mat - Set to music for singers and - Colorful double layered instrumentalists - Pandan leaves Play - Sama of Tawi-tawi - Written by playwright - Consisting of dialogues HAT WEAVING between characters - Tausug hat, Maguindanao - Theatrical performance hat, Yakan hat Comedia BASKETRY - Conflict between Muslims & - Carrying, storage, trapping Christians basket - 2 types: Komedya De Santo & Carrying Basket Secular Comedia - Cordillera Pasiking, made of 3 Kinds: nito & bamboo are used as a ● Komedya De Santo head sling to carry harvest - Centers on the life of Christ or Storage Basket any saint - Bontock Akob, lunch basket - War scenes Trapping Basket ● Secular Comedia/ Moro- - Salakab, trapping fish in rice moro paddies - Moro (derived from the - Bubo, fish trap in Ilocos Spanish word “moor”) Region, made of woven - Involves either war/love story bamboo strips between Christian vs Muslims, Christians were SPANISH THEATER always the victorious - Play was introduced - Dance and dialogues - Replaced by the religious ● Senakulo/ Cenaculo processions - Depicts the life & sufferings of - Spanish colonizers Christ - Covert the natives to - Lenten season Catholicism - Passion Play, 1704, Gaspar Zarzuela Aquino De Belen - Short opera (Operetta) - Singing & dancing SPANISH MUSIC - Spanish artist around 1878 - Took on a very European - 1st zarzuela was Spanish and flavor, Filipinos adopt them featured European Cast and make their own - Severino Reyes & - Juan Rodriguez Angel, Hermogenes Ilagan wrote established a singing school Sarsuwela in Tagalog, most - Marcelo Adonay, Prince Of distinguished playwrights of Philippine Church music their day Pasyon/ Pabasa - Honorata “Atang” De La Rama (1987 National Artist for - Narration of Christ’s passion - Paoay Church, enormous chanted in an improvised buttresses on the sides & melody back of the bldg. - Various areas like Christian - Sto. Tomas de Villanueva areas Church, World Heritage Site, - Awit & Corrider Baroque Romanesque Kundiman architectural style - Traditional means of ● Adobe, limestone, brick, serenade thick of buttresses or wing - Love song like projections – resistant to - Three theories regarding it’s earthquake origin st 1 – contraction of the phrase SPANISH VISUAL ARTS 2nd – derived from the ff verse - Spanish friars introduced the 3rd – red cloth that male dancer western styles of painting and wear engraving - 19th Century, develop the Religious Art kundiman, spoke of - Images of the Holy Family resignation and fatalism and the saints “via crusis” - Dedicated to a young and (stations of the cross), beautiful Filipina engravings on “estampitas” Balitaw - Carved “santos” etc. - Love songs & lullabies evolved Sculpture Harana - Carving of santos, images of - Tradition of serenading Christ & saints women Santos Rondalla music - Sculpture/ Images of saints - Accompany several Hispanic- and other biblical figures influenced song forms & Urnas dances - Small Santos were kept - Miniature altar pieces w SPANISH ARCHITECTURE niches - Spanish introduced the plaza Virinas complex - Small Santos protected under Cruciform Churches cylindrical glass globes Baroque Style Encarnacion - Grander, drama, elaborate - Santos appear more lifelike details Bastidor - Appealed to the emotions - Wooden heads and hands - Art style w/ exaggeration and were attached to a catholic- inspired framework body - San Agustin Church, oldest Religious Relief church in the Phil, historical - Adorn churches landmark - Series of these panels were - St. Jerome Church in Morong fitted into altar pieces Rizal, distinct from Chinese- - Illustrating the passion and Baroque Architecture death of christ Tipos del Pais any materials that - Figures of ordinary people in encourages Fil to fight local costumes against American colonial - Academia de Dibujo y Pintura rule Retablo 3 plays copy national sentiments of - Huge altar pieces, housed in their playwright, medium for the churches and the santos political protest, openly attacking in the niches the Americans: - Earliest retablo found in San ● Juan Abad’s Tanikalang Agustin church in Intramuros Guinto/ Golden Chain carved by Juan de los Santos - Drama in 3 acts - Retablo of Capilla De San - 1st staged at the Teatro Agustin Libertad in July 7, 1902 (Pasay) ● Juan Matapang Cruz’s H indi SPANISH PAINTING Aco Patay/ I Am Not Dead - Religious icons, prevalent - Play drama simboliko form of painting - Teatro Libertad in Singalong, - Saints & religious scenes Manila - Portraits of the holy family - Tearo Nueva Luna in Malabon - Painters from Visayas Island & ● Aurelio Tolentino’s K ahapon Bohol, skillful manipulation of Ngayon At Bukas/ the technique Yesterday, Today & - Josef Luciano Dans, earliest Tomorrow recorded painters - 3 act anti- imperialist - Also used for propaganda - 1st presented on Teatro - Estaban Villanueva, depicted Libertad in Manila, May 14, the in 1821 1903 Langit, Lupa at Impierno Drama Simbolico - 3 level painting w/c shows the - Represent deep & profound Holy Trinity yearning for freedom First Still Life Paintings - Fil playwrights used play as - Depicting mostly inanimate their weapon or a form of subject matter protest against the - Jose Loden, Tomas Nazario, Americans Miguel de los Reyes, Lingua France - did it first in the Phil - Poems & stories from books were dramatized in classroom
- English language AMERICAN THEATER A modern Filipina Sedition Act of 1901 - 1st fil play written in Eng - Prohibited any Fil from - Lino Casillejo & Jesus Araullo Advocating Philippine in 1915 Independence Vaudevill/ Bodabil - William Howard Taft wanted - Orig from France Mnl to be planned through - Slapsticks, songs, dance, Daniel Burnham ( Beaux Arts) acrobatic comedy skits, - Banned the writing, printing, Young Dolphy publication & circulation of - Known as Golay City Beautiful Movement (1890s & AMERICAN MUSIC 1920s) - American Educational System - American urban planning influenced the Phil. System of movement led by the music education architects - Establishments of Arch. Daniel Burnham conservatories (schools for - American government to special instruction in music), design Mnl & Baguio formal educ. in music started Arch. William Parsons - Jazz invaded the country - Implemented the Burnham - Most of the songs are park nationalistic in nature Neoclassic Architecture - Instrumental music & vocal - Style used in government music are both important edifices & integrated parks & Musical Forms lawns ● Symphony - Decorative sculpture ● Opera elements housed in a ● Opera Buffa pediment Francisco Santiago - Andres Luna De San Pedro, - “Concerto in B flat minor” for Juan Arellano, Antonio pianoforte & orchestra Toledo, Tomas, Mapua - “Kundiman, Anak Dalita”, - Metropolitan Theater (Juan most famous piece Arellano, 1935) First decade was an era of Modern Architectural Structures suppressed nationalism- Marcha - Church of the Holy Sacrifice Funebre or funeral music - Church of the Risen Lord - Chapel of St. Joseph, the Filipino Composers worker ● Nicanor Abelardo Cultural Center of the Phil ● Juan Hernandez - Premier bureaucratic entity ● Rodolfo S. Cornejo - Art acquisition, exhibitions Bayan Ko making, workshops, grants & - Most recognizable patriotic awards songs of the Phils - June 25 1966 through U.P Conservatory Of Music Executive Order 30 - Professional Music School - Inaugurated in 1969 Ar. Leandrano Locsin - Architect of CCP AMERICAN - Modernist cantilevered ARCHITECTURE building, cross between the - New urban pattern that vernacular bahay kubo responded to the secular goals of educ., health & governance was imposed - Art Nouveau- curve; Art Deco- straight
AMERICAN VISUAL ARTS JAPANESE THEATER - Experimentation & - Comedy bar was introduced exploration of new media, - Some performances techniques, styles, forms of conveyed hidden messages expression & concepts in arts for guerillas - Morals, prints & cartoons Post War Republic Fabian de la Rosa - Turning point in the history of - First painter of note for the the Phil theater 20th century - Activist Political theatre - Realistic, portraits, genre & - Cultural direction of subdued colors mainstream theatre - Master of genre - Concerns about national Fernando Amorsolo identity - First who have captured the Cultural Center of the Phil (CCP) diff. striking colors and - Sept. 1996 character of the country’s - Preserves, develops, & magnificent sunlight promotes art culture - Master of genre Philippine Educational Theatre - Known for his illuminated Association landscapes -1967 by Cecile Guidato- Alvarez - “Antipolo”, Filipinos Univ. Theatre Arm celebrating a town fiesta - Teatro Tomasino, Dulaan Up, - “Defense of Filipina Woman’s Ateneo Children’s Theatre, Honour”, World War II- era Dulaang Sibol painting, a Filipino defends a woman being raped by a JAPANESE MUSIC Japanese - Conveyed allegiance to Japan - He designed the logo for - Jazz & Popular music, banned Ginebra San Miguel - Focused on indigenous - The owner of the beverage, feature, oriental culture Don Enrique Zobel, company - “Less is more” offered to send him to Felipe Padilla de Leon Academia de San Fernando in - Composer National Artist Madrid Spain - “Awit sa Paglikha sa Bagong - Neoclassicism and Pilipinas”: anthem in that Romanticism period, conveyed allegiance, Victorio Edades intended to supplant Lupang - Influenced by the work of Hinirang, sung by the Marcel Duchamp members of the Hukbo ng - Best known for his work “The Bayan Labas sa Hapon Fountain” Sylvia La Torre - Modernism - “Sa Kabukiran”, 1940s - Acclaimed composer Levi Celerio (National Artist for Music & Literature, 1997) ● Classical music, Opera flourished during the war ●New Phil. Symphony, 1st all- Filipino orchestra ● Music- making, popular pastime Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra - Nation’s leading symphony orchestra - Resident company of the CCp - Olivier Ochanine, Music Director/ Principal Conductor - Inaugurated on May 15, 1973 - Luis Valenica, 1st music director w/ Julian Quirit, concertmaster
JAPANESE VISUAL ART - Development of art slowed down - KALIBAPI ( Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas) Vicente Manansala - Cubist painter - Created cubism, tones, shapes, patterns of figure & environment are super imposed or laid over another Cesar Legaspi - Made use of geometric fragmentation to create a powerfully disturbing mood Hernando Ocampo - Understanding and awareness of the harsh social realities