DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE

PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter focused on the methodology that was used in the

study. It dealt with research design, location of the study, target

population sampling techniques and sample size, research instruments,

validity instruments, reliability of instruments, data collection

procedures and ethical considerations.

METHOD OF RESEARCH

The researcher use the Quantitative Method for it deals a

numerical data and the researchers apply a various statistical treatment.

The Quantitative research can be used in response to relational

questions of variable within the research. “Quantitative researchers seek

explanations and predictions that will generate to other persons and

places. The intent of quantitative research is to establish, confirm, or

variable relationships and to develop generalization that contribute to

theory”. (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001,p.102).

The research method that the researcher used is Descriptive

Method. Ethridge, D.E.(2004) explains descriptive research as a

statement of affairs as they are at present with the researcher having no

control over variable. Moreover, “descriptive research may be

characterized as simply the attempt to determine, describe or identify

 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

what is, while analytical research attempts to establish why it is that way

or how it can be". According to Fox, W. and Bayat, M.S (2007) explain

Descriptive research is “aimed at casting light on current issues or

problems through a process of data collection that enables them to

describe the situation more completely than was possible without

employing this method".

The researchers choose the descriptive method for they use a

survey questionnaire to gather the data.

Research Locale

The researchers conducted this study in the Parañaque National

High School-Baclaran. This study is only conducted within Parañaque

National High School- Baclaran and it does not scope the other schools.

Sample Size and Techniques

Sampling is the act, process or technique of selecting a suitable a

smaller size of population of a representative part of a population for the

purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of the whole

population. The researcher used simple random sampling for the

categories to determine the respondent among the students. Gay (1996),

states that for a descriptive research a sample 10-20% of population is

sufficient for reliable findings. The researcher use 57 students of the…

 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

student participated in the study using random sampling form girls and

form boys students was used in the study respectively.

Formula:

N
𝑛=
1+𝑁𝑒2

Wherein:

N= number of the whole population of the Senior High School Students

I= constant

e= margin of error

n= number of the respondents

Description of the Respondents

The respondents in this study are the Senior High School Students

of Parañaque National High School-Baclaran. In which the population of

Senior High School Students is 252. The Senior High School Students in

Parañaque National High School-Baclaran are divided into three different

strands which are the Home Economics, Tourism and the Accountancy

Business and Management (ABM)

 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Research Instruments

The researchers used a survey questionnaire and checklist form of

questionnaire. A questionnaire is a research instrument that gathers

data over a large sample (Kombo and Tromp 2006). Questionnaire are

ideal for survey students (Mugenda and Mugenda 1990) and they find a

wide application in the field of education for the purpose of obtaining

current conditions and trends and to inquire concerning about attitudes

and opinions on various issues. This questionnaire was formulated by

the researcher and searches some theories about the relationship

between study habits and academic performance.

The first part of the questionnaire includes the demographic profile

of the respondents where in it includes the gender and the general

average of respondents. The second part is the relationship between the

study habits and Academic Performance where in it includes the study

skills, study motivation and study attitude.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher gathered the data by distributing a survey to all

senior high school students and explaining it thoroughly for the

respondents to comprehend and understand it better.

 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Statistical Treatment of Data

The Statistical treatment that will apply for this study is the

weighted mean, and verify the result of the data that the researcher will

go to collect.

The formula for the Percentage:

F
𝑝= 𝑥 100
n

Where in:

P= percentage

f= frequency

n= Number of total respondents

100= Constant

The researchers also used the weighted mean to interpret the

answers of the respondents. It is also called weighted average. Weighted

average is a mean calculated by giving values in a data set more

influence according to some attribute of the data. It is an average in

which each quantity to be averaged in assigned a weight, and there

weightings determine the relative importance of each quality on the

average. Weightings are the equivalent of having that way like items with

the same value involved in the average.

 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 =
∑fx
n

Where in:

∑fx= sun of the frequency and the product of x.

n= number of respondents

The Pearson r and T-test was used also to show if there is a

significance relationship between the factors that affect the cognitive

skills and the age of the respondents. According to Dawid Lane the

Pearson product moment correlation coefficient is a measure of the

strength of the linear relationship between two variables.

A T-test is an analysis of two population’s means through the use

of statistical examination: A test with two samples is commonly used

with small sample sizes, testing the difference between the samples when

the variances of two nominal distributions are not known.

Where the formula of Pearson r is:

N∑xy−(∑y)
𝑟=
√(N∑x2 − (∑x2) (𝑁∑𝑦2 −(∑𝑦)2
 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Where in:

N= number of respondents

∑XY= Sum of the product of paired scores.

∑X= Sum of the X scores

∑Y= Sum of the X scores

∑X2= Sum of squared X scores

∑Y2= Sum of squared Y scores.

The formula of T- test is

𝑛−2
t = 𝑟√
1−𝑟2

Where

r = Pearson r

n = number of the respondents

r2 = Squared of the Pearson r

1=constant

2= constant

The researcher used to Likert Scale to measure respondents to a

particular question or statement. A Likert Scale is composed of a series

of four or more Likert –type items that represent similar questions

combined into a single composite score/ variable. To analyze the data

gathered, the researcher coded as shown below.

 DIVISION OF CITY SCHOOLS OF PARANAQUE
PARANAQUE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – BACLARAN
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

5 Point LIKERT SCALE

Range of Weighted Weight Verbal Interpretation

Mean interpretation

4:20 – 4:99 5 Strongly Agree

3:40 – 4:19 4 Agree

2:60 – 3:39 3 Fair

1:80 – 2:59 2 Disagree

1:00 – 1:79 1 Strongly Disagree