ASSIGNMENT NO.

1 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

NAME: AMBROSIO, IAN CARL D. SUBMISSION DATE: JULY 11,2019

INSTR: ENGR. CHRISTOPHER LAWRENCE D. JUCO RATING:

RUNWAY COMPOSITION

THE NEXT CONSIDERATION IS THE MATERIAL USED. AT MOST AIRPORTS,

RUNWAYS ARE CONSTRUCTED OF MAN-MADE MATERIAL, USUALLY ASPHALT,
CONCRETE OR A COMBINATION OF BOTH. THE CHOICE OF PAVEMENT MATERIAL COMES
DOWN TO LOCAL GROUND CONDITIONS, THE TYPE OF AIRCRAFT USING THE FACILITY
AND COST. CONCRETE IS WIDELY USED AT MAJOR COMMERCIAL AIRPORTS. ALTHOUGH
IT’S MORE COSTLY THAN ASPHALT, A FULL CONCRETE SURFACE IS MORE DURABLE AND
HAS A LONGER LIFESPAN.

 RIGID PAVEMENTS ARE COMMONLY USED FOR RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY

JUNCTIONS, APRONS AND HARD-STANDINGS, AND MAY BE EITHER
REINFORCED OR UNREINFORCED PAVEMENT QUALITY CONCRETE (PQC).
PQC IS CONCRETE THAT WILL PROVIDE A MINIMUM FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF
3.5 MN/M2 OR MORE WHEN THE PAVEMENT IS IN USE.
 COMPOSITE PAVEMENTS CAN ALSO BE USED. SIMILAR TO ROAD
PAVEMENTS, THESE CONSIST OF CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED CONCRETE
WITH A BITUMINOUS TOPPING. THE BITUMEN SURFACE IS USUALLY ASPHALT
AND MUST HAVE HIGH STABILITY AND SMOOTH-RIDING QUALITIES.
 FLEXIBLE PAVEMENTS MAY BE ECONOMICAL WHEN USED FOR LIGHT
AIRCRAFT BUT OTHERWISE WILL TEND NOT TO BE APPROPRIATE.
 JOINTS IN CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ARE SIMILAR TO THOSE FOR CONCRETE
ROADS, ALTHOUGH IN A CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCED SLAB THERE ARE NO
TRANSVERSE JOINTS. THE REINFORCEMENT IS LAPPED OR WELDED TO
PROVIDE CONTINUITY.

CONCRETE WILL LAST FOR DECADES IF MAINTAINED PROPERLY. BUT WHEN

MAINTENANCE/REPAIR WORK NEEDS TO BE DONE IT CAN TAKE SEVERAL DAYS FOR
REMOVAL, REPLACEMENT, AND CURE OF THE CONCRETE BEFORE IT IS READY FOR
SERVICE. ASPHALT DOES NOT HAVE THE SAME LIFESPAN, AS IT CANNOT WITHSTAND
THE REPEATED HEAVY IMPACTS. THE PLUS SIDE IS THAT IN A FEW SHORT HOURS IT
CAN BE REMOVED AND REPLACED AND READY FOR SERVICE A LOT SOONER THAN
CONCRETE.

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 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

RUNWAY MARKINGS

A. RUNWAY THRESHOLD MARKING

- A THRESHOLD MARKING IDENTIFIES THE BEGINNING OF THE RUNWAY THAT
IS AVAILABLE AND SUITABLE FOR LANDING. THE RUNWAY THRESHOLD
MARKINGS CONSIST OF EIGHT WHITE LONGITUDINAL STRIPES OF UNIFORM
DIMENSION ARRANGED EVENLY ABOUT THE RUNWAY CENTERLINE. THESE
MARKINGS START 20 FEET FROM THE RUNWAY THRESHOLD.

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ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

B. RUNWAY TOUCHDOWN ZONE MARKING

- THE TOUCHDOWN ZONE MARKINGS IDENTIFY THE TOUCHDOWN ZONE FOR
LANDINGS AND ARE CODED TO PROVIDE DISTANCE INFORMATION. THESE
MARKINGS ARE WHITE AND CONSIST OF GROUPS OF ONE, TWO, AND
THREE RECTANGULAR BARS EVENLY ARRANGED IN PAIRS ALONG THE
RUNWAY CENTERLINE. FOR RUNWAYS LESS THAN 150 FEET IN WIDTH, THE
MARKINGS AND SPACES ARE REDUCED PROPORTIONALLY, BUT THE
LENGTHS REMAIN THE SAME. PLACED 500 FEET FROM THE RUNWAY
THRESHOLD.

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C. RUNWAY AIMING POINT MARKING OR FIXED DISTANCE MARKS

- AN AIMING POINT MARKING PROVIDES JET AIRCRAFT A VISUAL AIMING
POINT FOR LANDING OPERATIONS. THE AIMING POINTS ARE WHITE AND
THE BEGINNING OF THESE MARKINGS IS LOCATED 1,000 FEET FROM THE
THRESHOLD. THE AIMING POINTS CONSIST OF TWO RECTANGULAR
MARKINGS, 150 FEET IN LENGTH, LOCATED ON EACH SIDE OF THE RUNWAY
CENTERLINE.

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ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

D. RUNWAY CENTERLINE MARKINGS

- A CENTERLINE MARKING ON RUNWAYS IDENTIFY THE PHYSICAL CENTER OF
THE RUNWAY AND PROVIDE ALIGNMENT GUIDANCE DURING LANDING AND
TAKEOFF. THE RUNWAY CENTERLINE MARKINGS ARE WHITE AND ARE
LOCATED ALONG THE CENTERLINE OF THE RUNWAY BETWEEN THE
RUNWAY DESIGNATION MARKINGS.

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 ASSIGNMENT NO. 1 RUNWAY AND TAXIWAY MARKINGS

TAXIWAY MARKINGS

A. TAXIWAY CENTERLINE MARKING

- TAXIWAY CENTERLINES ARE MARKED TO PROVIDE A VISUAL
IDENTIFICATION OF THE DESIGNATED TAXIING PATH. TAXIWAY
CENTERLINES ARE YELLOW AND CONSIST OF A CONTINUOUS STRIPE
ALONG THE CENTERLINE OF THE DESIGNATED TAXIWAY.

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B. HOLDING POSITIONS MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAY/RUNWAY INTERSECTIONS

- HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAY/RUNWAY INTERSECTIONS
ARE INDICATED WITH TWO SOLID LINES FOLLOWED BY TWO BROKEN LINES.
THE SOLID LINES ARE ALWAYS ON THE SIDE WHERE THE AIRCRAFT IS TO
HOLD. THE MARKINGS ARE INSTALLED PERPENDICULAR TO THE TAXIWAY
CENTERLINE.

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C. HOLDING POSITIONS MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAY/TAXIWAY INTERSECTIONS

- HOLDING POSITION MARKINGS FOR TAXIWAY/TAXIWAY INTERSECTIONS
ARE INDICATED WITH A SINGLE LINE OF DASHES AND SPACES. THESE
MARKINGS SHOULD ONLY BE INSTALLED AT TAXIWAY/TAXIWAY
INTERSECTIONS WHERE THERE IS AN OPERATIONAL NEED TO HOLD
AIRCRAFT AT THIS POINT, AND ARE OFTEN NOT NECESSARY. THESE
MARKINGS ARE INSTALLED PERPENDICULAR TO THE TAXIWAY CENTERLINE

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D. TAXIWAY EDGE MARKING

- TAXIWAY EDGE MARKINGS ARE USED TO DELINEATE THE EDGE OF THE
TAXIWAY. THEY ARE USED WHEN THE TAXIWAY EDGE DOES NOT
CORRESPOND WITH THE EDGE OF THE PAVEMENT AND WHERE THE FULL
STRENGTH PAVEMENT OF THE TAXIWAY IS NOT READILY VISIBLE. TAXIWAY
EDGE MARKINGS ARE YELLOW AND CAN EITHER BE CONTINUOUS OR
DASHED.

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