WOOD

The hard substance that makes up the stem and branches of trees and shrubs.

OR

An area of land covered with trees.

HARD WOOD
Hard wood comes from deciduous trees. Its leaves drop off in the fall and its new ones
grow in springs

SOFT WOOD
Soft woods comes from evergreen conifer. Which have needles that stay on all year and cones.

Its generally true that hard woods are harder than Soft wood but not always. Balsa
wood is the best known example of hard wood that is actually very soft.

SEASONING OF WOOD
Seasoning is the process of removing moisture contents from wood to minimize structural
problems.
Wood seasoning is also called seasoning lumber or wood drying.
Seasoning of wood reduces the moisture contents of wood before its use.

METHODS OF SEASONING
There are many methods of seasoning of wood .
1. Air Seasoning
2. Kiln Seasoning
3. Solar Seasoning
4. Microwave Seasoning
Air Seasoning and Kiln seasoning are main seasoning of wood,
AIR SEASONING
It is the traditional method for drying the woods.
Air seasoning is also the longest taking six to nine months.
To air seasoned wood, stacks logs or planks outside on pallets in such a manner that air can
circulate vertically and horizontally through the timber. The raised pallets also keep woods
from the vegetation and damp ground. Planks and logs end are often wrapped or sealed to
prevent excessive moisture loss through these areas. Protect the drying wood from the
elements with an overhead canopy.

KILN SEASONING
The most common and effective commercial process for drying wood is kiln seasoning,
which accelerate the process of removing moisture through the use of external energy.
Drying takes two days to one week and its depends on the type of wood.

MEASURING UNITS OF WOOD

The measuring units of wood is cubic feet (cft or ft3).

WOOD MARKING GAUGE

Wood marking gauges are used in woodworking because they let you lay out
precise marking for mortise and tenon, lap, and doetail joints.

TYPES OF WOOD
1. SHEESHAM WOOD
2. TALI WOOD
SHEEHSAM WOOD
It is a type of wood that comes from a tree that locally grows in india and the Sub-
Himalayan areas.
This tree is referred to as the indian Rosewood or also known as Dalbergia sisso.
However, it can also thrive in other areas like the US, Africa and Australia.
This tree which is the source of the Sheesham Wood, is known by many names.
It is also referred to as Sheesham tree, Indian Dalbergia, Shisham, Shishan, Sisso and Penny
Leaf Tree.
Aside from being the source of sheesham wood, this tree also has more to offer.
The locals often use its twigs for oral care or to clean their teeth. It is also a
source of medicine for treating stomach problems as well as akin issues.

TALI WOOD
It is a type of wood available in the forest of Precious Wood, located in the Congo
Basin of Gabon. The tree attains height 40-50m and diameters from 80-100cm (sometimes
150cm). The trunks are straight and cylindrical.
Machining of Tali cannot be done very easily. As a result of the high density and interlocked
grain, there is blunting effect on the tools. Pre-drilling is necessary. The gluing and finishing
properties are rather good. Drying is difficult, with risk of checking and deformation. The
sawdust can cause allergic reaction.
Tali is used in all kind of heavy hydraulic construction and bridge construction. It is used for
decking, sheet pilling, sound barriers, stables and piles.

DEODAR WOOD
Cedrus deodar is a high mountain tree that occurs in many location from 1000 to 3000m a.s.l
in the Himalaya. Its natural range spans parts of Afghanistan; Tibet, India , Nipal and Pakistan. It
is usually grows on silicate mother rocks. The best tree are found on deep, well drained soils.
Himalayan cedar was introduced to Europe America and North America in the 19 th
century and soon became a favorite as an ornamental tree in large gardens and parks.
Cedrus Deodar grows up to 50m high and up to 3m diameter. Young tree have a broad
pyramidal crown that becomes wider with age.
 Himalayan Cedar is the national tree of Pakistan and the name deodar comes from the
Sanskrit worf ‘deodar’ which means ‘timber of the God’.
It is also used for more mundane purposes such as for railways sleeper and in
Bridge, and well-known houseboats of Srinagar, Kashmir.