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Remainder?
• Dividend = Quotient x Divisor + Remainder
• Example: 57 = 8 x 7 + 1
• 57 – Dividend
• 8 – Quotient
• 7 – Divisor
• 1 - Remainder
Remainder Theorem - Application
• Rule of Multiplication
𝑎×𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑅 =𝑅 ×𝑅
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
• Example
17×35 17 35
𝑅 =𝑅 ×𝑅 =1×3=3
4 4 4
Remainder Theorem - Application
• Rule of Addition
𝑎+𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝑅 =𝑅 +𝑅
𝑐 𝑐 𝑐
Demo Question
• Find the remainder for the following expression:
532 +321
•
4
Solution
• Using the Rule of Addition
532 +321 532 321
•R =𝑅 +R
4 4 4
 532 5 5 5
•𝑅 =𝑅 ×𝑅 ×𝑅 … 𝑢𝑝 𝑡𝑜 32 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
4 4 4 4
532
•𝑅 = 1 × 1 × 1 … 𝑢𝑝 𝑡𝑜 32 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
4
532
•𝑅 = 132 = 1
4
 321 3 3 3
•R =𝑅 ×𝑅 ×𝑅 … 𝑈𝑝 𝑡𝑜 21 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
4 4 4 4
321
•R = (−1) × (−1) × (−1) … 𝑈𝑝 𝑡𝑜 21 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠
4
321 21
•R = −1 = −1
4
• To covert to positive, add the divisor
321
•R = −1 + 4 = 3
4
 532 +321 532 321
•R =𝑅 +R
4 4 4
532
•𝑅 =1
4
321
•R =3
4
532 +321
•R =1+3=4
4
• In other words, remainder is 0.
Sample Problems
• Find the remainder for the following expressions:
17×23
1. 12
43197
2. 7
21875
3. 17
Solution - 1
17×23 17 23
•R =R ×R = 5 × 11 = 55
12 12 12
• But, the remainder can never be greater than the
divisor. Therefore,
55
•R =7
12
Solution - 2
43197 43 197
197
•R = R = 1 =1
7 7
Solution 3
21875 21 875
•R = R = 4875
17 17
• Since the remainder cannot be larger than the
divisor, we must find the remainder for:
4875 4×4874 4 4874
•R =R =R ×R
17 17 17 17
437 437
4874 42 16437 16
•R =R =R = R
17 17 17 17
 4874 16 437
437
•R = R = −1 = −1
17 17
4874
•R = −1 + 17 = 16
17
4875 4×4874 4 4874
•R =R =R ×R
17 17 17 17
4875
•R = 4 × 16 = 64
17
4875 64
•R =R = 13
17 17