GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.

BSPE 5-B

I. Flow Regimes
1. Transient state (Infinite acting)
- This is the first state of most wells. The reservoir boundaries are unknown and neither
is the pressure. Only an initial pressure can be assumed. As long as pressure wave
does not reach reservoir boundaries, the well can be assumed to be in the transient
state.

2. Pseudo-steady state
- The reservoir boundaries are defined and so is the pressure. However, pressure
decreases with time since it has reached the end of the boundary and no pressure
maintenance is present such as an aquifer or water from an injection well. The state of
the well after the transient period.

3. Steady state
- This well has constant pressure. The pressure is maintained regardless of time. This is
the usual state of a well when pressure maintenance is involved, either through
injection wells or underground aquifers.

I(a). Darcy’s Equation

1. Steady state: 2. Pseudo-steady state:
*for Oilfield Units* 𝑘ℎ(𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
𝑞= 𝑟 1
𝑘ℎ(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) 141.2𝐵𝜇(𝑙𝑛 𝑟 𝑒 − 2 + 𝑆)
𝑤
𝑞= 𝑟
141.2𝐵𝜇(𝑙𝑛𝑟 𝑒 + 𝑆)
𝑤

*for SI Units* 3. Transient

2𝜋𝑘ℎ(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) 𝑘ℎ(𝑃𝑖 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
𝑞= 𝑟 𝑞= 𝑟 3
𝐵𝜇(𝑙𝑛𝑟 𝑒 + 𝑆) 141.2𝐵𝜇(𝑙𝑛 𝑟 𝑒 − 4 + 𝑆)
𝑤 𝑤
GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
II. Conversion
Conversion Table

Conversion factor
Variable Oilfield Unit SI Unit
(multiply with SI unit)
Area Acre m2 2.475 x 10-4
Compressibility psi-1 Pa-1 6897
Length ft m 3.28
Permeability mD m2 1.01 x 1015
Pressure psi Pa 1.45 x 10-4
Rate (Oil) STB/d m3/s 5.434 x 105
Rate (Gas) MSCF/d m3/s 3049
Viscosity cp Pa • s 1000

II(a). Conversion Practice using Darcy’s equation

Well PSU-01-L Well TRY-01-S Well TRY-02-L Well ACT-01

q = 0.001 m3/s q = 0.003681 m3/s q = 3043.04 STB/d q = 0.0042 m3/s

B = 1.1 B = 1.1 B = 1.1 B = 1.1

μ = 2 x 10-3 Pa•s μ = 14 x 10-4 Pa•s μ = 1.8 cp μ = 0.0021 Pa•s

k = 1 x 10-14 m2 k = 98.63281 mD k = 282.8761 mD k = 4.96033 x 10-13 m2

h = 10 m h = 25 m h = 85 m h = 63 m
re = 575 m re = 1250 m re = 960 m re = 1960 m
rw = 0.1 m rw = 0.1 m rw = 0.1 m rw = 0.1 m
S=0 S=0 S=0 S=0

Well ACT-02 Well ACT-03 Well ACT-04

q = 0.015 m3/s q = 6520.8 STB/d q = 0.019 m3/s
B = 1.1 B = 1.1 B = 1.1
μ = 0.0013 Pa•s μ = 2.1 cp μ = 0.0023 Pa•s
k = 1.73415 x 10-12 m2 k = 10.59062 mD k = 0.094951 x 10-13 m2
h = 142 m h = 55 m h = 93 m
re = 1750 m re = 2135 m re = 2571.52 ft
rw = 0.1 m rw = 0.1 m rw = 0.328 ft
S=0 S=0 S=0
GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
Exercise: Compute for the drawdown pressure of each Since only data was given and the
well state of well was not defined, all
wells can be assumed to be in a
steady state
Well PSU-01-L
Oilfield Units:
5.434 𝑥105 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑
𝑞 = (0.001 𝑚3 /𝑠) ( ) = 543.4 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑
𝑚3 /𝑠
1000 𝑐𝑝
𝜇 = (2 𝑥 10−3 𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠) ( ) = 2 𝑐𝑝
𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠

−14 2)
1.01 𝑥 1015 𝑚𝐷
𝑘 = (1 𝑥 10 𝑚 ( ) = 10.1 𝑚𝐷
𝑚2
3.28 𝑓𝑡
ℎ = (10 𝑚) ( ) = 32.8 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑒 = (575 𝑚) ( ) = 1886 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑤 = (0.1 𝑚) ( ) = 0.328 𝑓𝑡
𝑚

𝑘ℎ(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓)
𝑞= 𝑟
141.2𝐵𝜇(𝑙𝑛 𝑒 + 𝑆) Note: Units don’t matter when
𝑟𝑤
subjected to a natural logarithm
function as it is just a ratio.
141.2𝐵𝑞𝜇 𝑟𝑒 575 𝑚
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆) Therefore, 0.1 𝑚
can also be used
𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

141.2(1.1)(543.4 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑)(2 𝑐𝑝) 1886 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
(10.1 𝑚𝐷)(32.8 𝑓𝑡) 0.328 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 4411 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟 4.411 𝑥 103 𝑝𝑠𝑖

GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
SI Units:
2𝜋𝑘ℎ(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 )
𝑞= 𝑟
𝐵𝜇(𝑙𝑛 𝑒 + 𝑆)
𝑟𝑤

𝑞𝐵𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

(0.001 𝑚3 /𝑠)(1.1)(2 𝑥 10−3 𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠) 575 𝑚

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
2𝜋(1 𝑥 10−14 𝑚2 )(10 𝑚) 0.1 𝑚

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 3.03 𝑥 107 𝑃𝑎

Note: Can also be solved by converting Oilfield drawdown pressure in

psi to Pa.
1 𝑃𝑎
(4411 𝑝𝑠𝑖) (
1.45 𝑥 10−4 𝑝𝑠𝑖
) = 3.04 𝑥 107 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ≈ 3.03 𝑥 107

Well TRY-01-S
Oilfield Units:
5.434 𝑥105 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑
𝑞 = (0.003681 𝑚3 /𝑠) ( ) = 2000.2554 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑
𝑚3 /𝑠
1000 𝑐𝑝
𝜇 = (14 𝑥 10−4 𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠) ( ) = 1.4 𝑐𝑝
𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠
3.28 𝑓𝑡
ℎ = (25 𝑚) ( ) = 82 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑒 = (1250 𝑚) ( ) = 4100 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑤 = (0.1 𝑚) ( ) = 0.328 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
141.2𝐵𝑞𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

141.2(1.1)(2000.2554 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑)(1.4 𝑐𝑝) 4100 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
(98.63281 𝑚𝐷)(82 𝑓𝑡) 0.328 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 507 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟 5.07 𝑥 102 𝑝𝑠𝑖

SI Units:
1 𝑃𝑎
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 507 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ( ) = 3.5 𝑥 106 𝑃𝑎
1.45 𝑥 10−4 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Well TRY-02-L
3.28 𝑓𝑡
ℎ = (85 𝑚) ( ) = 278.8 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑒 = (960 𝑚) ( ) = 3148.8 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑤 = (0.1 𝑚) ( ) = 0.328 𝑓𝑡
𝑚

141.2𝐵𝑞𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

141.2(1.1)(3043.04 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑)(1.8 𝑐𝑝) 3148.8 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
(282.8761 𝑚𝐷)(278.8 𝑓𝑡) 0.328 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 99 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟 9.9 𝑥 101 𝑝𝑠𝑖

SI Units:
1 𝑃𝑎
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 98.9 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ( −4
) = 6.8 𝑥 105 𝑃𝑎
1.45 𝑥 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖
GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
Well ACT-01
SI Units:
𝑞𝐵𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

(0.0042 𝑚3 /𝑠)(1.1)(0.0021 𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠) 1750 𝑚

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
2𝜋(4.96033 𝑥 10−13 𝑚2 )(63 𝑚) 0.1 𝑚

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 4.9 𝑥 105 𝑃𝑎

Oilfield Units:

1.45 𝑥 10−4 𝑝𝑠𝑖

5
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 4.9 𝑥 10 𝑃𝑎 ( ) = 70.81 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟 7.1 𝑥 101 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑃𝑎

Well ACT-02
SI Units:
𝑞𝐵𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

(0.015 𝑚3 /𝑠)(1.1)(0.0013 𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠) 1750 𝑚

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
2𝜋(1.73415 𝑥 10−12 𝑚2 )(142 𝑚) 0.1 𝑚

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 1.4 𝑥 105 𝑃𝑎

Oilfield Units:

1.45 𝑥 10−4 𝑝𝑠𝑖

5
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 1.4 𝑥 10 𝑃𝑎 ( ) = 20 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟 2.0 𝑥 101 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑃𝑎
GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
Well ACT-03
3.28 𝑓𝑡
ℎ = (55 𝑚) ( ) = 180.4 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑒 = (2135 𝑚) ( ) = 7002.8 𝑓𝑡
𝑚
3.28 𝑓𝑡
𝑟𝑤 = (0.1 𝑚) ( ) = 0.328 𝑓𝑡
𝑚

141.2𝐵𝑞𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

141.2(1.1)(6520.8 𝑆𝑇𝐵/𝑑)(2.1 𝑐𝑝) 7002.8 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
(10.59062 𝑚𝐷)(180.4 𝑓𝑡) 0.328 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 11098 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑜𝑟 1.1 𝑥 104 𝑝𝑠𝑖

SI Units:
1 𝑃𝑎
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 11098 𝑝𝑠𝑖 ( −4
) = 7.7 𝑥 107 𝑃𝑎
1.45 𝑥 10 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Well ACT-04
SI Units:
𝑞𝐵𝜇 𝑟𝑒
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 𝑆)
2𝜋𝑘ℎ 𝑟𝑤

(0.019 𝑚3 /𝑠)(1.1)(0.0023 𝑃𝑎 • 𝑠) 2571.52 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = (𝑙𝑛 + 0)
2𝜋(0.094951 𝑥 10−13 𝑚2 )(93 𝑚) 0.328 𝑓𝑡

(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 7.8 𝑥 107 𝑃𝑎

Oilfield Units:

1.45 𝑥 10−4 𝑝𝑠𝑖

7
(𝑃𝑒 − 𝑃𝑤𝑓 ) = 7.8 𝑥 10 𝑃𝑎 ( ) = 5.4 𝑥 1011 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑃𝑎
GUEVARA, JOSEPH LOUIS M.
BSPE 5-B
III.