Chapter 1

The Problem and Settling

Introduction

A snail is a mollusk with a spiral shell that has slightly rough surface. It belongs

to the group of Phylum Mollusca together with the octopuses. At the same time the snails

are members of class Gastropoda. Some snails are pests particularly the golden apple

snail (Pomacea canaliculata). It is orbicular in shape. It is terribly presumptuous and

cause damaging of rice crops.

There are many countries are known about having a rich biodiversity and one of

them is the Philippines. In the Philippines many plant types are been tested, yet only a

few plants have proven that it contains all moscicidal properties that could kill and

control the spreading of golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).

Due to the uprising problem in the community because of mollusks specifically

the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), the researchers conducted the study

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds as an alternative molluscicide.

Background of the Study

Throughout the years, the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) are

spreading in rice fields and terribly presumptuous that affects the production of rice crops

in the Philippines and also the world.

 The researchers decided to do the study against the golden apple snail (Pomacea

canaliculata). Using the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds to produce an

molluscicide to kill and to control the spreading of the mentioned mollusks.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers aims to determine the effectiveness of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) seeds in producing an alternative molluscicide that can kill mollusks

specifically the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).

Hypotheses

Ha: The Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds will be effective as an alternative

molluscicide.

Ho: The Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds will not be effective as an alternative

molluscicide.

Significance of the Study

In discovering the comprehensive significance of Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) seeds in making a molluscicide this following will be benefited on the

study:

Environment: The environment will be benefited in the study because the golden apple

snail (Pomacea canaliculata) will be killed and can the species spreading can be

controlled, because this mentioned mollusks affects the growth of rice crops.
 Agricultural Companies: The Agricultura Companies will be benefited because they

will have a better and safer products.

Farmers: The farmers will be benefited in this study because they can have good rice

crops and can produce better and healthy rice products.

Future Researchers: The future researchers will be benefited in this study because this

study will be their guide in making new molluscicide by using other materials or by

improving the study.

Scope and Limitations

The focus of this study is to produce an effective, convenient and safer

molluscicide using the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds in killing the golden

apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) having lesser hazardous ingredients that may harm

people and other living organisms. The researchers did not include the comparison of the

alternative molluscicide to the commercialized molluscicide.

Conceptual Framework and Paradigm

Jackfruit (Artocarpus Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) seeds heterophyllus) as an
Extraction Process alternative molluscicide

Input Thru-put Output

Figure 1 shows that base on the input the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds is

the material used in making alternative molluscicide. Base on the thru-put it is where the
materials undergo the process of making alternative molluscicide. In the output it shows

the outcome of the experiment wherein the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds as

an alternative molluscicide.

Definition of Terms

Gastropoda- or gastropods, more commonly known as snails and slugs, are a

large taxonomic class within the phylum Mollusca.

Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)- Is highly invasive and cause damage to

rice crops. It eats young and emerging rice plants. They cut the rice stem at the base

destroying the whole plant.

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)- Is a species in the fig, mulberry and breadfruit

family (monarceae) and believed to have originated in the southwestern rainforests of

western Ghats, in the Indian subcontinent.

Molluscicide- this are used in order to control gastropod pests specifically slugs and

snails which damage crops or other valued plants by feeding on them.

Molluscs- compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the Mollusca.

Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized.

Phylum- is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.

Snail- It is one members of the mollusca class Gastropoda that have a coiled shell that is

large enough for the animal to retract completely into.

 Chapter 2

Review of Related and Literature and Studies

This chapter contains the foreign and local literatures and studies related to the

subject of the study that is gathered by the researcher in different sources.

Foreign Literature

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of its own kind of tropical fruits,

recognized for its unique shape, size, and fruity flavor of its bulbs that can be appreciated

from a area. is a huge tree that grows to as high as 30 meters, larger than mango,

breadfruit etc. It is believed to be indigenous to the Southwestern rain forests of India.

Golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) it has two species, Pomacea

canaliculata and Pomacea maculata, commonly known as Golden Apple Snails, are

highly invasive and cause damage to rice crops. Golden apple snails eat young and

emerging rice plants. They cut the rice stem at the base, destroying the whole plant.

Molluscicide, are pesticides which kill mollusks, an animal phylum of tens of

thousands of invertebrate creatures. Mollusks include octopi and squid, as well as snails

and slugs, which are usually targeted by molluscicides. It is in order to control gastropod

pests specifically slugs and snails which damage crops or other valued plants by feeding

on it.
Local Literature

In the Philippine cuisine makes use of unripe jackfruit in a few cooked dishes.

Yellow-ripe jackfruit is what’s more widely eaten, either as is or mixed into other treats,

such as a turon filling alongside banana or in sweet guinataan (coconut-milk stew). Its’s

bark is thick, grayish and exudes a milky sap when injured. Leaves alternate, spirally

arranged, stiff and leathery, dark green and shiny above and pale green beneath.

Local Study

The Durian seeds are used in producing molluscicide against golden apple snail.

they used 40 pieces of golden apple snail. They observe their product for 3 days. The

mortality rate in day 1 the number of deceased mollusks is 15. In day 2 the number of

deceased mollusks is 25, while in day 3 there is no number of mollusks deceased. The

total number of deceased mollusks is 40. The percentage of mortality rate are in day 1

37.5%, In day 2 62.5% and in day 3 is 0%. They determined it using a table. They proved

that the Durian seeds has a molluscicidal property. (Dani Ann L. Araza, Dianne T.

Valderama, and Channel Tore R. Waerness, Pacita Complex National High-School, San

Pedro Laguna Philippines).

Synthesis

Mollusks are highly invasive and the cause of the damage of rice crops. The

molluscicide will be a good help in lessening the damage causes by mollusks specifically

the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata). The researchers want to know the abilities

of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) in making a molluscicide.

 Chapter 3

Methodology

This chapter contains the design, method, materials, procedure and treatment the

researcher used throughout the study.

Research Design

In this study the researchers used the single-group design wherein the researchers

intended to compare the molluscicide using three different sets of testing.

Sampling Method

The sampling method for the researchers is Purposive sampling and Convenient

sampling, in which the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and golden apple snail

(Pomacea canaliculata) is the first-rate and easiest to get among other materials that is in

a molluscicide.

Reasearch Materials

The following were used by the researcher in this study: Jackfruit (Artocarpus

heterophyllus) seeds, 20 pieces of alive golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), ten

tbsp. of tap water, blender, 1 basin, strainer.

Research Procedure

I. Acquiring of the Materials

Prepare all the materials needed in the experiment.

II. Preparing for Extraction

 Prepare the Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds and extract

it using the blender.

III. Mixing of Extracted Seeds

After blending the seeds, it will be mixed with 10 tablespoon of tap

water. After mixing, put it on a bowl together with the 20 pieces of live

golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata).

IV. Observing of the Result

Observe the mixture of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and golden

apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) for 2 days.

Flow Chart

Preparing for
Extraction
Acquiring of Materials

Mixing of extracted
seeds
Observing of the result

Research Instrument
Number of days Number of killed mollusks

Day 1

Day 2

Table 1 shows the instrument use in the experiment and the numbers of killed

mollusks in a given days.

Bibliography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackfruit
http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/jackfruit.html

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/index.php?

option=com_zoo&view=item&layout=item&Itemid=527

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/index.php?

option=com_zoo&view=item&layout=item&Itemid=527

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molluscicide

https://www.chemservice.com/news/2015/03/what-is-a-molluscicide/

http://aboutfilipinofood.com/langka/

http://www.mixph.com/growing-langka-jackfruit/

http://applesnail.net/pestalert/management_guide/pest_management.php

http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH19970093373

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4296871/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4234971/