Deviance and Social Control A Sociological Perspective 2nd Edition by Michelle L. - Test Bank

Deviance And Social Control A
Sociological Perspective 2nd Edition By

Michelle L. -Test Bank
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Deviance And Social Control A Sociological Perspective
2nd Edition by Michelle L. -Test Bank
Sample Test
Chapter 3
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. If a researcher is studying juvenile delinquents and would like to interview children

participating in a community service group as part of their court sentencing, the researcher
would need to obtain:
2. a) approval from the head researcher.
3. b) human subject research approval.
4. c) approval from the court .
5. d) a copy of a valid form of identification.
Ans: B
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Conceptions of Deviance
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The “gold standard” for determining causal relationships is what type of research?
3. a) Participant observation research
4. b) Field research
5. c) Experimental research
6. d) Content analysis research
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Random assignment is important in experimental research because:

4. a) it assures internal validity is maintained.
5. b) it assures external validity is maintained.
6. c) it is a snowball sampling technique.
7. d) at root, it is the same as random selection.
Ans: A
4. Research on deviance is often _____________, focused on factors associated with how

deviance is distributed across different groups or factors thought to be causes or
consequences of deviance.
5. a) historical
6. b) experimental
7. c) descriptive
8. d) quasi-experimental
Ans: C
5. Which of the following is true regarding the FBI’s Uniform Crime Report?
6. a) The Uniform Crime Report was developed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in
the 1950s.
7. b) Data from nearly 1,000 police agencies are compiled by the bureau and presented online
and in many published documents.
8. c) Data are included on violent crimes (murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault)
and property crimes (burglary, larceny theft, and motor vehicle theft) known by the police.
9. d) Data are generally not provided in terms of numbers and rates as it is impossible to
organize these by region, state, and city and for longitudinal comparisons.
Ans: C
Cognitive Domain: Application
6. Experimental research examines a causal relationship, which involves which two variables?
7. a) Cause and correlation
8. b) Correlation and effect
9. c) Cause and effect
10. d) None of the above
Ans: C
7. _______________ would require the researcher to conduct participant observation research

as a part of field research.
8. a) Content analysis
9. b) Quasi-experimental
10. c) Ethnographic field research
11. d) Electronic survey research
Ans: C
Difficulty Level: Difficult
8. If a researcher is conducting a quasi-experimental research design, he/she will use what

sampling technique?
9. a) Random selection
10. b) Random assignment
11. c) Snowballing technique
12. d) Nonrandom assignment
Ans: D
9. The ___________________________ was established after the Nuremberg Code. It is

comprised of very important committees established to review and approve research involving
human subjects.
10. a) Drug Use Research Policy
11. b) Institutional Review Board
12. c) Nuremberg Violence Code
13. d) Title IX of Educational Amendments
Ans: B
10. A student conducts a study on texting behaviors among college students using closed-ended
questions where participants’ answers are provided on a five-point Likert scale, ranging
“strongly agree” to “strongly disagree”. This type of research is called _________ research.
11. a) content analysis
12. b) quasi-experimental
13. c) survey
14. d) participant observation
Ans: C
True/False
1. Quasi-experimental research focuses less on internal validity and random assignment than
experimental research.
Ans: TRUE
2. Experimental research examines correlational relationships.

Ans: FALSE
3. Survey researchers only conduct closed-ended questions in order to ensure responses are
predetermined.
Ans: FALSE
4. Participant observation research can be covert or overt.

Ans: TRUE
5. If a researcher is interested in examining graffiti artists in their natural environment in attempt

to understand the subculture of graffiti artists and the meanings behind their work, a content
analysis approach would be best for this research.
Ans: FALSE
6. In order to conduct a content analysis, the researcher must consider the systematic coding
scheme that will be used to objectively examine emerging themes.
Ans: TRUE
7. Research on deviance is often descriptive, meaning it is focused on factors associated with

how deviance is distributed across different groups or factors thought to be causes or
consequences of deviance.
Ans: TRUE
8. Confidentiality, informed consent, and anonymity are no longer important to research on

deviance and crime because of the Institutional Review Board’s political agenda.
Ans: FALSE
9. Field research includes a range of observations, from pure observer to participant observation.
Ans: TRUE
10. Primary data sources include data that are already collected and readily available for the
researcher to analyze.
Ans: FALSE
Short Answer
1. List the characteristics of survey research as discussed in the book.
Ans:
Characteristics of Survey Research:
 a sample of a target population
o issue of convenience
 questions about behaviors, attitudes, values, and beliefs
 representative of population aiming to describe
o issues of random sampling

2. Participant observation research is conducted in covert or overt observation strategies. Define

the difference between covert and overt. Indicate the pros and cons to using participant
observation research? Explain what sort of Application can be gained in studying a deviant
subgroup using this method.
Ans:
Participant Observation Research à observation is covert or overt
 Covert is acting as the deviant group would; being fully engaged
 Overt is not participating in the acts or events of the group being studied
This sort of research can be dangerous, emotionally and physically draining, time consuming and
very hard work
This method helps the researcher decide which questions are relevant in broader examinations of
this group, what language and meanings are used, and what the culture is like found within
deviant subgroups.

Essay
1. Compare and contrast experimental and quasi-experimental research designs.
Ans:
The student should lay out the following about each included below.
Experimental Research—the “gold standard” for determining causal relationships Characteristics
of Experimental Research
 Random Assignment
o Why is it important?
o Assures that differences following the intervention or “experimental” stimulus must have
been caused by the intervention
o Internal Validity through random assignment
 Examining a causal relationship (cause à effect)
 Examples—lab experiments observing group interactions and comparing control groups
Quasi-experimental designs: adaptation to experimental strategies

 Focus less on internal validity and random assignment
 External validity is focused on
 Control variables still in place, but no random assignment
Example: Surveying naturally occurring events and observations

Chapter 5
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Social disorganization theory is a macro-level theory, which means it focuses on:

2. a) the individual as inherently criminal.
3. b) the individual as susceptible to learning crime early on in childhood.
4. c) neighborhoods, schools, cities, states, etc. in regard to crime.
5. d) none of the above.
Ans: C
2. The early works of social disorganization theory took place in which U.S. city?
3. a) Chicago
4. b) St. Louis
5. c) Los Angeles
6. d) New York City
Ans: A
3. Social disorganization theories tend to focus on which of the following?

4. a) Rural residents
5. b) Juvenile delinquents
6. c) Adult career offenders
7. d) Deviant parents
Ans: B
4. According to which theorist(s), social disorganization theory applied to juvenile delinquency

and urban areas found that delinquency is not randomly distributed.
5. a) Sutherland and Cressey
6. b) Shaw and McKay
7. c) Cloward and Ohlin
8. d) Hirschi and Gottfredson
Ans: B
5. In which of the following ways can social disorganization theories be used to study
neighborhoods and communities?
6. a) Researching learning styles of children
7. b) Examining case studies of life course criminal records
8. c) Mapping and plotting home addresses of delinquents using zones
9. d) None of the above
Ans: C
6. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay were not concerned with which of the following when they
plotted on maps the home addresses of juveniles?
7. a) Boys brought to court for an alleged delinquent activity.
8. b) Boys committed by the court to a correctional facility.
9. c) Boys dealt with by the police probation officers with or without court appearance.
10. d) Boys who have no previous interaction with the criminal justice and court system, however
admitted to delinquent acts.
Ans: D
7. ___________________ clearly puts social disorganization as a macro-level control theory

whereby residents of certain neighborhoods are able to control and minimize unwanted
deviance, while residents in some neighborhoods, characterized by poverty, population
turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity, cannot control their environments and achieve
common goals.
8. a) Clifford Shaw
9. b) Henry McKay
10. c) Ruth Kornhauser
11. d) Robert Agnew
Ans: A
8. _________ efficacy is focused on parents’ ability to control their children’s behavior through
parent–child attachment, rules, supervision, and also social support.
9. a) Collective
10. b) Parental
11. c) Sibling
12. d) Community
Ans: B
9. _________________ programs are examples of policy implications consistent with social

disorganization theories.
10. a) Eugenics
11. b) Neighborhood watch
12. c) Criminal justice
13. d) Corrections/rehabilitation
Ans: B
10. In social disorganization research, ______________ variables typically come from the census
and include measures for residential instability, concentrated disadvantage, and population
age structure.
11. a) social
12. b) individual-level
13. c) structural
14. d) disorganization
Ans: C
True/False
1. The University of Chicago’s infamous department of sociology was comprised of economists,

historians, and journalists at first.
Ans: TRUE
2. Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay found that rates of delinquency do not appear to be clustered
and are far from the central business districts.
Ans: FALSE
3. Social disorganization theories tend to focus on groups and places rather than individuals.
Ans: TRUE
4. According to Ruth Kornhauser’s approach to social disorganization theory, neighborhoods
characterized by poverty, population turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity cannot control
their environments and achieve common goals.
Ans: TRUE
5. Social disorganization research fails to include self-report surveys.

Ans: FALSE
6. Social disorganization theory and broken windows theory are focused on images of crime and
disorder in the neighborhood.
Ans: TRUE
7. Like Shaw & McKay, Kornhauser, and others who followed focused on the subculture found in
socially disorganized neighborhoods, and paid little attention to the structural aspects of the
theory.
Ans: FALSE
8. Research testing social disorganization theory has found that crime and deviance in both
metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas can be explained by this theory.
Ans: TRUE
9. Policies and programs related to broken windows theory generally focus on stopping
high-level criminal activity after it escalates.
Ans: FALSE
10. Collective efficacy serves an important mediating effect between structural factors associated
with social disorganization and deviant behaviors such as violence.
Ans: TRUE
Short Answer
1. Briefly outline and summarize Sampson and Groves’ model of social disorganization.
Ans:
Ethnic Heterogeneity Sparse Networks
Residential Mobility à Unsupervised Youth à Crime and
Family Disruptions à Organizational Participation Delinquency
Urbanization

2. Crime rates in a major U.S. city appear to be located in particular neighborhoods closer to the
city center. What are some important aspects a researcher would want to consider in choosing
to examine the social disorder of neighborhoods and crime throughout the city? Explain why
this is important to examine through social disorganization theory.
Ans:
Answers might include mention of any of the following (depending on focus in class)
 Examine poverty, population turnover, and racial/ethnic heterogeneity; density
 poverty
 mixed [land] use
 transience
 dilapidation
 family disruption, networks

ESSAY
1. Wilson and Kelling (1982) published an essay titled “Broken Windows: The Police and
Neighborhood Safety” in the Atlantic Monthly that brought these issues back into the public
limelight as well as to the attention of scholars interested in crime and deviance. Explain the
basic premise of this article as it relates to the study of crime and deviance, as well as a brief
statement of the policy implication for police.
Ans:
Basically, the authors argued that disorder leads to greater disorder; attracts and promotes more
serious forms of deviance. The notion is simple to the young man living in an area characterized
by graffiti and broken windows: why not break another window—it is fun and what is the harm?
Signs of disorder lead to further disorder. This led to the policy implication that police (and other
agents of social control) attack crime at its roots and target minor forms of social disorder deviance
that seem to be critical causes of the escalation of crime and further deviance. In other words,
focus on less serious forms of deviance, and you may deter more serious forms of crime. This
includes, but is not limited to, minor misbehavior (e.g., prostitution, public rowdiness, or
drunkenness) and signs of physical disorder (e.g., litter, graffiti, and broken windows) and their
relationship to crime.


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Copyright:

Available Formats

Deviance And Social Control A

Sociological Perspective 2nd Edition By

To purchase this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the

If face any problem or Further information contact us At Quizsol99@gmail.com

1. If a researcher is studying juvenile delinquents and would like to interview children

3. Random assignment is important in experimental research because:

4. Research on deviance is often _____________, focused on factors associated with how

7. _______________ would require the researcher to conduct participant observation research

8. If a researcher is conducting a quasi-experimental research design, he/she will use what

9. The ___________________________ was established after the Nuremberg Code. It is

2. Experimental research examines correlational relationships.

4. Participant observation research can be covert or overt.

5. If a researcher is interested in examining graffiti artists in their natural environment in attempt

7. Research on deviance is often descriptive, meaning it is focused on factors associated with

8. Confidentiality, informed consent, and anonymity are no longer important to research on

1. List the characteristics of survey research as discussed in the book.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

2. Participant observation research is conducted in covert or overt observation strategies. Define

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

1. Compare and contrast experimental and quasi-experimental research designs.

Quasi-experimental designs: adaptation to experimental strategies

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

1. Social disorganization theory is a macro-level theory, which means it focuses on:

3. Social disorganization theories tend to focus on which of the following?

4. According to which theorist(s), social disorganization theory applied to juvenile delinquency

7. ___________________ clearly puts social disorganization as a macro-level control theory

9. _________________ programs are examples of policy implications consistent with social

1. The University of Chicago’s infamous department of sociology was comprised of economists,

5. Social disorganization research fails to include self-report surveys.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Cognitive Domain: Application

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

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