Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Province of Rizal
Graduate School, Pilillia Campus

Name of Student: MALOU P. DELICA

Course: Doctor of Philosophy-Educational Management
Professorial Lecturer: FLORICEL ULAT
Subject: ADVANCE STATISTICS
Topic: SKEWNESS

Measure of Skewness

 The statiscal technique to indicate the direction and extent of skewness in the
distribution of numerical values in the data set.
 A frequency distribution of the set of values that is not Symmetrical (normal) is called
Asymmetrical or skewed

Skewed Distributions

There are three types

 Symmetrical Distribution,

A.M=Median=Mode

 Positively Skewed Distribution

A.M>Median>Mode
 Negatively Skewed Distribution
A.M<Median<Mode

Measure of Skewness

For an Asymmetrical Distribution, the distance b/w Mean and Mode may be used to
measure the degree of skewness because the Mean is equal to Mode in a Symmetrical
Distribution, Thus
Absolute, Sk = Mean –Mode
= Q3 + Q1- 2 Median
The Skewness becomes +ive Otherwise -ive
o Variation and economic series , measure of variation have greater practical
application than measures of skewness.

o
 Type equation here.

-
X – Mo Set A
S

Sk2 = 3(X-Md) Set B

S

Sk = 0

Sk > 0

Sk < 0

1. Calculate Sample Skewness, Sample Kurtosis from the following grouped data
Class Frequency
2-4 3
4-6 4
6-8 2
8 - 10 1

Solution:
Mean ˉx=∑fx∑f

=5210

=5.2
Class Mid value (x) f f⋅x (x-ˉx) f⋅(x-ˉx)2 f⋅(x-ˉx)3
(1) (2) (3) (4)=(2)×(3) (5) (6)=(3)×(5) (7)=(5)×(6)

9 9=3×3 -2.2 |3-5.2|=-2.2 14.52 14.52=3×-2.2×-2.2 -31.944 -31.944=14.52×-2.2

2-4 3 3=2+42 3
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

20 20=4×5 -0.2 |5-5.2|=-0.2 0.16 0.16=4×-0.2×-0.2 -0.032 -0.032=0.16×-0.2

4-6 5 5=4+62 4
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

14 14=2×7 1.8 |7-5.2|=1.8 6.48 6.48=2×1.8×1.8 11.664 11.664=6.48×1.8

6-8 7 7=6+82 2
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

9 9=1×9 3.8 |9-5.2|=3.8 14.44 14.44=1×3.8×3.8 54.872 54.872=14.44×3.8

8 - 10 9 9=8+102 1
(4)=(2)×(3) |x-5.2| (6)=(2)×(5) (7)=(2)×(6)

--- --- --- --- --- --- ---

-- -- n=10 ∑f⋅x=52 `-- =35.6 =34.56

Sample Standard deviation S= √(

∑ x-ˉx)2n-1

= √ 35.69

=√3.9556

=1.9889

Skewness =∑(x-ˉx)3(n-1)⋅S3

=34.569⋅(1.9889)3

=34.569⋅7.867

=0.4881

Kurtosis =∑(x-ˉx)4(n-1)⋅S4

=299.7929⋅(1.9889)4

=299.7929⋅15.6464

=2.1289