Chemistry

Topic: Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

Introduction
-- Matter can be classified in terms of solid, liquid and gases. Matter can also be
classified in terms of element, compound or mixture.

Matter
1. Pure substance
 Element
o Metal
o Non-metal
o Metalloids
 Compound
2. Mixture
 Element + Element
 Element + Compound
 Compound + Compound
*An element or a compound, which contains a small amount of impurity (i.e. another
element or compoun), is considered as an impure substance. Thus a mixture can also
be regarded as an impure substance.

Element
-- Pure substance that cannot be split up into two or more simpler substances by
chemial processes or by electricity.
-- Classified into metals, metalloids and non-metals. (Most elements are metal)

Properties Metals Non-metals

Appearance Shiny Dull if solid
State Solids at r.t.p (Except for mecury) Either gases, volatile liquids or
solids with low melting points at
r.t.p. (Except for carbon)
Malleable Can be hammered into different Brittle if solid (Easily broken
shapes without breaking when hammered)
Sonorous Make a ringing sound when
struck
Ductile (able Can be drawn into wires
to be
deformed)
Melting & High melting and boiling points Low melting and boiling points
Boiling (Except for sodium, potassium (Except for carbon and silicon)
Points and mercury)
Thermal Good conductors of heat Poor conductors of heat (Except
Conductivity carbon in the form of diamond
and graphite)
Electrical Good conductors of electricity in Poor conductors of electricity
Conductivity all states of matter (Except carbon in the form of
graphite)