CHAP.

3] LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND CONTINUOUS-TIME LTI SYSTEMS T19

Table 3-2 Properties of the Laplace Transform

Property Signal Transform ROC
x(t) x(s) R
xr(t) x,(s) R1
xr(t) Xr(s) R2
Linearity arxr(t) + arxr(t) arXr(s) + arXr(s) R' tRi n Rz
Time shifting x(t - to) e-",uX(s) R':R
Shifting in s e"u'x(t) X(s - so) R':R+Re(ss)
t
Time scaling x(at) X(s) R':aR
-
tat
Time reversal x(- t) x(-s) i R': -R
d*(t)
Differentiation in /
dt
sx(s) R'lR
dx(s)
Differentiation in s - tx(t) ds
R':R
['
1,
Integration *G) d, . -x(s)
J
R'rRn{Re(s)>0}
Convolution xr(t)* xr(t) Xr(s)Xr(s) R' fRl n R2

xr(t)* xt(t),->X,(r)xr(r) R'rR1 nR2 (3.2s)

This convolution property plays a central role in the analysis and design of continuous-time
LTI systems.
Table 3-2 summarizes the properties of the Laplace transform presented in this
section.

3.5 THE II\TVBRSE I.APLACE TRANSFORM

Inversion of the Laplace transform to find the signal r(r) from its Laplace transform
x(s) is called the inuerse Laplace transform, symbolicaily denoted as

x(t): /-1txG)\ (3.24)

A. Inversion Formula:
There is a procedure that is applicable to all classes irf transform functions that
involves the evaluation of a line integral in complex s-plane; that is,

|
x(t): "c+i*
(3.2s)
/TTJ Jc_j-

In this integral, the real c is to be selected such that if the Roc of X(s) is o, ( Re(s) < or,
then or 4c {cr. The evaluation of this inverse Laplace tranbform integial requires an
understanding of complex variable theory.