LOAD TRANSFER FROM PILE TO SOIL

SOFT SOIL LAYER Q r = SKIN FRICTION

HARD SOIL LAYER

Q b = END BEARING
LOAD TRANSFER FROM PILE TO SOIL

SOFT SOIL LAYER Q r = SKIN FRICTION

HARD SOIL LAYER

Q b = END BEARING
y MECHANCAL  PROPERTIES TEST
‐ LOAD TEST  ‐ STATIC  METHOD
‐ DYNAMIC  METHOD

y PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TEST
‐ INTEGRITY TEST(SEISMIC TEST)
‐ SONIC CORING TEST
 OBJECT OF PILE  LOAD  TEST

→ TO  ENSURE  THAT FAILURE  DOES  NOT
OCCUR BEFORE THE DESIGN LOAD (WORKING PILE)
OCCUR  BEFORE  THE  DESIGN  LOAD (WORKING  PILE)

→ TO  DETERMINE  THE  ULTIMATE  BEARING  CAPACITY  
FOR THE DESIGN OF WORKING PILES.(PILOT PILE)

→ TO  INDICATE  STRUCTURAL  SOUNDNESS  OF  THE  PILE.
TO INDICATE STRUCTURAL SOUNDNESS OF THE PILE

→ TO  DETERMINE  LOAD – SETTLEMENT  BEHAVIOUR  OF
A PILE TO PREDICT GROUP SETTLEMENT OR
A  PILE  TO  PREDICT  GROUP  SETTLEMENT  OR 
DIFFERENTIAL  SETTLEMENT  OF  OTHER  PILES.
STATIC LOAD TEST
COMPRESSION TEST
CO SS O S
P
‐ BUILDING
‐ BRIDGE
‐ OTHER  HEAVY  STRUCTURE
OTHER HEAVY STRUCTURE
TENSION TEST P
‐ LIGHT  STRUCTURE
i.e., FRAME  STRUCTURE

‐ TRANSMITTION  LINE  STATION
UNDER  WIND  LOAD        
HORIZONTAL  LOAD  TEST
‐ FOR  STRUCTURE  WITH
WIND  LOAD
P
‐ EARTH  QUAKE
‐ FOR  STRUCTURE  WITH
DYNAMIC  LOAD
 COMPRESSION  TEST  PROCEDURE

MAINTAINED  LOADING  TEST

PROCEDURE
INCREASE  THE  LOAD  IN  STAGES  UNTIL  THE  PROPOSED
WORKING LOAD IS REACHED AND THEN UNLOAD
WORKING  LOAD  IS  REACHED  AND  THEN  UNLOAD.
INCREMENT  OF  LOAD  AT  EACH  STAGES  WILL  BE PERMITTED  WHEN  RATE  OF  
SETTLEMENT  IS  LESS  THAN  0.25 mm./hr.

APPLICATION
FOR  WORKING  PILE  TEST  TO  DETERMINE  PILE  LOAD  BEHAVIOUR  IN  THE  
REGION  OF  WORKING  LOAD  WITH  FACTOR  OF  SAFETY .
TEST  NEED  NOT  REQUIRE  TO  DAMAGE  THE  PILE.
 COMPRESSION  TEST  PROCEDURE

CONSTANT RATE OF PENETRATION TEST (CRP TEST)

CONSTANT  RATE  OF  PENETRATION  TEST  (CRP  TEST)

PROCEDURE
LOAD WILL BE INCREASE BY MAINTAING RATE OF SETTLEMENT (CONSTANT
LOAD  WILL  BE  INCREASE  BY  MAINTAING  RATE  OF  SETTLEMENT  (CONSTANT  
SPEED)  ABOUT  THE  SAME  AS  UNDRAINED  TEST  IN  LABORATORY . (0.25‐1.25  
MM./MIN.FOR  COHESIVE  SOIL  OR  0.75‐2.50  MM./MIN.  FOR  COHESIONLESS  SOIL.)

APPLICATION
TO  DETERMINE  ULTIMATE  LOAD  OF  THE  PILE.  PILE  CAN  BE  DAMAGED.
PILOT PILE IS RECOMMENDED
PILOT  PILE  IS  RECOMMENDED.
COMPRESSION TEST SYSTEM
 COMPRESSION  TEST  SYSTEM

USING  KENTLEDGE  SYSTEM  (DEAD  LOAD)
‐ LOAD  LESS  THAN  500  TONS
LOAD LESS THAN 500 TONS
‐ NO  ANCHORAGE  AVILABLE  OR  POSSIBLE  FOR       ARRANGEMENT
‐ USE  CONCRETE  BOX,  STEEL  OR  SAND  AS  DEAD  LOAD
, .

TEST WEIGHTS

CROSS BEAMS

WEDGES REFERENCE
DIAL GAGES TEST BEAMS BEAM

CRIBBING

CONCRETE
PILE CAP
KENTLEDGE SYSTEM (DEAD LOAD)
COMPRESSION TEST SYSTEM

TEST BEAMS

STEEL PLATE

HYDRAULIC
JACK

TEST PLATE
DIAL GAGES

REFERENCE
BEAM

ANCHOR PILE
TEST PILE
ANCHORAGE SYSTEM
TEST RESULT PRESENTATION
TEST  RESULT  PRESENTATION

LOAD  V.S.  SETTLEMENT  PLOT

TIME  V.S. SETTLEMENT  PLOT

TIME  V.S.  LOAD  PLOT
 LOAD – SETTLEMENT – TIME  RELATIONSHIPS  OF  0.8 m DIA. X 50 m  
BORED PILE
BORED  PILE  

LOAD- SETTLEMENT CURVE

LOAD , Tons
TIME - SETTLEMENT CURVE
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 TIME , hrs
0.0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0.0
CYCLE 1
CYCLE 1
-5.0

EMENT , mm
-5.0 -10.0
CYCLE 2

SETTLE
-15.0
CYCLE 2
-20.0 CYCLE 3
NT , mm

-10.0 -25.0
SETTLEMEN

TIME - LOAD CURVE

800
CYCLE 3
-10.0 700
600
ons CYCLE 2
500
LOAD , To

CYCLE 3
400
300
CYCLE 1
-20.0 200
100
0
21 99
-21.99
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

TIME , hrs
-25.0
INTERPRETATION AND CRITERIA
OF PILE LOAD TEST

€ COMPRESSION TEST
€ TENSION TEST
€ LATERAL TEST
 ULITIMATE LOAD OF PILE

- LOAD AT WHICH SETTLEMENT REACH 10% OF PILE DIAMETER

(BEARING PILE)
- LOAD AT WHICH PILE CAN NOT TAKE ANY MORE LOAD
FRICTION PILE)
(FRICTION PILE
QU LOAD
QU LOAD
SETTLEMENT

SETTLEMENT
BEARING PILE
10 % Ø FRICTION PILE

- IN GENERAL, STRUCTURAL BUILDING ARE NOT PREMITTED

FOR SETTLEMENT GREATER THAN 25 MM. FOR SIMPLE
BEAM DESIGN
 Compare Davisson and Chin Method

DAVISSON ' S METHOD

LOAD, Tons

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 CHIN' S METHOD

0 SETTLEMENT / LOAD, mm/Ton
Pult = 174 Tons
Tons.
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14
0
CYCLE 2
-5
-5

-10
-10

ENT ,mm
T ,mm

SETTLEME
SETTLEMENT

-15 -15
CHIN' S

-20 y = -205.21x + 2.0403

-20 Davisson' s Criteria Pult = 205 Tons
= 3.81+8.331+2d+PL/AE,
3 81+8 331+2d+PL/AE in i mm
where d is pile size in m.
-25
Assumptions
-25
E = 631 t / cm²

-30
30

-30
ULTIMATE TENSION LOAD
ULTIMATE TENSION LOAD
ULTIMATE LATERAL LOAD