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Equations:
Tc = ⋅ (Tf − 32)
9
5
Temperature Conversions: Tf = ⋅ Tc + 32 TK = Tc + 273
5 9
Heat: Q = m ⋅ c ⋅ ΔT Length Expansion: ΔL = α ⋅ L0 ⋅ ΔT
Q = heat to change temperature ΔL = length of expansion
m = mass L0 = original length
c = specific heat α = coefficient of linear expansion
ΔT = change in temperature ΔT = change in temperature
Heat Conversions:
1 calorie = thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1° Celsius.
1 calorie = 4.184 Joules
1 kilocalorie (or a food Calorie) = 1000 calories
Helpful Equations:
1
F f = μ ⋅ FN W = F ⋅d KE = m ⋅ v2
2
Specific Heats Linear Expansion Coefficients
Glass .20
Ice .50 Heat Conversion
Ice Cream .90
Human Body (average) .85 1 calorie = 4.184 Joules
Steam .48
Sugar .27
Water 1.0
Wood .42