Bond Polarity and Molecular

Polarity
ELECTRONEGATIVITY (EN)
- The tendency (strength of relative
pull) of an atom in a bond to
attract electrons toward itself.
*the higher the EN value, the greater is
the attraction for the electrons.

Polar and Nonpolar

Polar
- more electronegative atom
−
becomes partially negative (δ ),
and the other side becomes
+
partially positive (δ );
- This condition results in a dipole
represented as ( ),
with the arrow pointing to the
more electronegative atom.

Nonpolar
- Two atoms with similar electro
negativities creating an even
distribution of electrons in a
chemical bond.
The bond between H and Cl is polar.

TYPE OF BOND BASED ON ∆EN OF BONDED

ATOMS
∆EN BOND TYPE
The bond between two Cl atoms is 0 NONPOLAR
nonpolar. COVALENT
GREATER THAN 0 UP POLAR COVALENT
TO 1.9
GREATER THAN 1.9 IONIC

ELECTRONEGATIVITY DIFFERENCE (∆EN)

CAN HELP DETERMINE IF THE BOND IS
IONIC, POLAR COVALENT OR
NONPOLAR COVALENT.
 - ability of substance to dissolve in
MOLECULAR GEOMETRY a given solvent;
- MOLECULAR GEOMETRY VALENCE - Polar solutes dissolve in polar
SHELL solvents and not in nonpolar;
- ELECTRON PAIR REPULSION (VSEPR) nonpolar solutes can only
THEORY dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

(VSEPR) Theory
- states that a molecule will adjust
its shape so that the valence
electron pairs stay as far apart
from each other as possible;
- Negatively charged electrons
repel one another.
Molecular Geometry
- the arrangements of atoms in a
molecule in three-dimensional;
- Give influence to the physical
and chemical properties of a
compound
(melting and boiling points,
solubility, density, and the types
of chemical reactions).

POLAR MOLECULE: POLAR BONDS

THAT ARE ARRANGED IN A WAY
THAT THERE IS AN ASYMMETRICAL
DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGE.

SOLUBILITY