Formulas for Grade 10 Math

Finding lengths of line segments

𝑙 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

Midpoints of line segments

𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
𝑚𝑝 = ( ),( )
2 2
Slope of a line segment

𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑚=
𝑥2 − 𝑥1

Slope and y-intercept form of the equation of a line:

𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏

Standard Form

𝑚𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑏 = 0

The equation of a circle with centre (h,k) and radius r

(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2

Formulas for quadratics

The Quadratic Formula

𝑥 −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
1,2=
2𝑎

 A quadratic equation is written as 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 − 𝑐 = 0

 If you notice, the value of the variable x is the negative of the co-efficient of the second
term plus or minus the square root of three squared minus four times the co-efficient of
the first term minus the last divided by twice the co-efficient of the first term
−𝑏+√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
 𝑥1= and 𝑥2 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
Trigonometric formulas
Cosine Law (angles)

𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎2
cos 𝐴 =
2𝑏𝑐

Cosine Law (sides)

𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 2𝑎𝑏 cos 𝐴

Sine Law (sides)

𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
= =
sin 𝐶 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

Sine Law (angles)

sin 𝐶 sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵

= =
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏

Sine

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

Cosine

𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝜃 =
𝐻𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑠𝑒

Tangent

𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
tan 𝜃 =
𝐴𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡