TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

A C I D/ B A S E
SALT

Larianne D. Cruzado

IE11FA1

July 26, 2018

Eng. Efren B. Chavez

 ACID/BASEANDSALT

ACID

 It is a substance that has a H+ ions

when dissolve in water.
 Compounds that contain Hydrogen.
 Acids can be classified into organic
and inorganic acids.
 Acid converts blue litmus paper to red
in color.
 Acids have a tendency to corrode
metal surfaces quickly.

The three acids which are Hydrochloric, HCI; Sulphuric, H2SO4; Nitric, HNO3 that reacts to water:

HCI - - - - > (H2O) - - - - > H+ CL-

H2SO4 - - - - > (H2O) - - - - > 2H+ + SO4 2-

HNO3 - - - - ? (H2O) - - - - > H+ + NO3-

BASE
o Is a substance that gives OH- ions when dissolved in water.
o Usually metal hydroxides.
o Strong bases can also burn one's skin.
o Bases are good conductor of electricity and show a pH value of more than 7.
o Bases also have the tendency to corrode metal surfaces.

The three acids which are Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH, Calcium Hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 that reacts
to water:
NaOH - - - -(H2O) - - - - > Na+ + OH
Ca(OH)2 - - - - (H2O) - - - - > Ca2+ + 2OH

SALT

 Salts form by the combination of acid and base through neutralization reaction.
 The acidic and basic nature of salts depends on the acid and base combined in neutralization
reaction.

Acid + Base - - - - > Salt + Water

HCI + NaOH - - - - > NaCl + H2O

H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 - - - - > CaSO4 + H2O

Acids can be classified:

1. Monoprotic acid – Such type of acids produce one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., HCl ,
HNO3, etc.
2. Diprotic acid – They can produce two moles of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., H2SO4.
3. Triprotic acid – They produce three moles of H+ ions per mole of acid, e.g., H3PO4.
4. Polyprotic – They can produce more than three H+ ion per mole of acid.

 Strong acids: Which are completely (100%) ionized in aqueous solutions. Hence at equilibrium,
the concentration of acid molecules is very less and concentration of hydrogen ion reaches to
maximum, HCl, HNO3, HClO4.

 Weak acids: They are only partially ionized in solution at equilibrium state. At equilibrium state,
acid molecules are present and the concentration of hydrogen ion is less, HF, CH3COOH.

Base can be classified:

 Strong bases: They are completely ionized in water to produce hydroxide ions.
 Weak bases: Partially ionize and equilibrium lies mostly towards reactants side.