Summary Worksheet Chapter 10: Acids WS

Suggested Answers

1 Which substance reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen?

A calcium oxide (base) B copper (unreactive metal) C magnesium (reactive) D sodium hydroxide (soluble base or alkali) Thought process: Substance + hydrochloric acid hydrogen + ? Since we want hydrogen as one of the product, we know that the substance must be metal

2 A solution has a pH = 3. What substance must be present in the solution?

A sodium ions, Na+ B hydrogen ions, H+ C hydroxide ions, OHD oxide ions, O2Thought process: pH = 3 means this solution is acidic. Acidic must contain hydrogen ions (H+)

3 Which of the following does not react with dilute sulfuric acid?
A magnesium hydroxide B magnesium metal C magnesium nitrate D magnesium oxide
metal hydroxide (base) metal metal nitrate (salt) metal oxide (base)

4 Which substance is used to decrease the acidity in soil (make the soil less acidic)?
A B C D ammonium nitrate calcium hydroxide magnesium sulfate potassium chloride
Ammonium salt (slightly acidic)

Strong alkali Metal sulfate (salt) Metal chloride (salt)

5 Which correct ionic equation shows the neutralisation of dilute sulfuric acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide?
A B C D H+ + OH- H2O NaOH + H+ Na+ + H2O H2SO4 + 2OH- SO42- + 2H2O SO42- + 2Na+ Na2SO4

Note: This ionic equation must be memorized to represent neutralisation. H+(hydrogen ion) comes from the acid; OH- (Hydroxide) comes from the soluble base. Together they form H2O.

6. Many crops do not grow well in an acidic soil. Which type of chemical reaction takes place when farmers add slaked lime to the soil? A decomposition B fertilization C neutralization D reduction Thought process: Acidic soil (contains acid) Slaked lime (contains calcium hydroxide) Acid + base salt + water (neutralization)

7 substance S + sulfuric acid carbon dioxide + salt + water

What could substance S be? A iron B magnesium oxide C potassium carbonate D sodium hydroxide Thought process: Since one of the products from this reaction with acid is carbon dioxide, the starting material must be a carbonate

8 The pH values of four aqueous solutions are shown. Which solution contains a weak acid?
A B C D solution of pH 2 solution of pH 5 solution of pH 7 solution of pH 9

Thought process: Acidic pH < 7 The higher the pH, the weaker the acid.

1 The table below shows information about solutions of an acid and alkali. Complete the table by filling in the empty boxes. [4m]
Solution Chemical formula of the substance Colour change when Name of ion that mixed with Universal causes this colour Indicator solution Dilute sulfuric acid From green to red change

H2SO4
Dilute sodium hydroxide

Hydrogen ion
Hydroxide ion

NaOH

From green to purple (strong alkali)

2 Copper (II) sulfate is a salt that can be prepared by reacting acids with different other substances.
Name the acid that must be used to produce copper (II) sulfate. [1m] Thought process: sulfate must come from an acid that produces the sulfate anion. Sulfuric acid [1].

The table below shows a possible list of reactants that can be used to react with the acid in (a) to form copper (II) sulfate. Complete the table by filling in the empty boxes. [5m]
Reaction of acid with Chemical formula (i) Copper(II) oxide Names of products formed Copper (II) sulfate

Cu2+ CuO

O2-

base

_____________________ water

(ii) Copper (II) carbonate

Cu2+

CO32-

Copper (II) sulfate

carbonate

Carbon dioxide water

CuCO3

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction in (b)(ii). [1m]

Copper(II) carbonate + sulfuric acid copper(II) sulfate + carbon dioxide + water CuCO3 + H2SO4 CuSO4 + CO2 + H2O Balanced!

Why isnt copper metal used to react with acid to form copper (II) sulfate? [1m]
Copper is not reactive enough to react with sulfuric acid. [1]

2 (a)
The human stomach contains hydrochloric acid which helps to digest food. Excess hydrochloric acid causes indigestion. Indigestion can be cured with a kind of indigestion tablet which contains mixture of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.

Produces chloride

2 (a)
Calcium chloride

Hydrochloric acid

Calcium carbonate

Salt + carbon dioxide + water

Magnesium oxide

Salt + water

Magnesium chloride

Give the chemical formulae of the two salts produced when the tablet reacts with hydrochloric acid. [2m] Calcium chloride = CaCl2 [1] Magnesium chloride = MgCl2 [1]

(b)
A volume of aqueous ammonia (weak base) is spilt on the laboratory floor. Name a compound that could be added to the liquid to neutralise the ammonia. [1m] Any acid can be used to neutralize a base. HCl / HNO3 / H2SO4 / CH3COOH / H2CO3 [1]

(c)
Many plants cannot grow in soils which are too acidic. Name a solid that is used to neutralise acidic soils. [1m] Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) / calcium oxide (quick lime) [1] State the main cause of acidic soil. [1m] Acid rain / excessive use of fertilizers [1]