SIUT - #5 Refrigerasi v.2

SISTEM UTILITAS
(CHE 183601–03)
MEDIA PEMINDAH PANAS

Sistem Pembuangan Panas Temperatur Rendah
Kevin Cleary Wanta, S.T., M.Eng.
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA, FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI, UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK PARAHYANGAN II/11.18
REFERENSI
 Broughton, J. (ed), 1994, Process Utility System: Introduction to Design, Operation,
and Maintenance, Institution of Chemical Engineering, Warwickshire, UK.
 Cengel, Y. A., Boles, M. A., 2006, Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach, 5th
edition, McGraw–Hill.
 Smith, J. M., Van Ness, H. C., Abbott, M. M., 1996, Introduction to Chemical
Engineering Thermodynamics, 5th edition, McGraw–Hill.
 Tim Dosen Pengampu, 2013, Slide Perkuliahan Sistem Utilitas I: Pembuangan
Panas, UNPAR, Bandung.
 Tim Dosen Pengampu, 2013, Slide Perkuliahan Sistem Utilitas I: Sistem dan Media
Pemindah Panas, UNPAR, Bandung.
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA, FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI, UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK PARAHYANGAN kcwanta@unpar.ac.id
REVIEW
kcwanta@unpar.ac.id
Pembuangan panas bertujuan untuk:
#1. Menurunkan temperatur (pendinginan)

Panas sensibel : Q = m. cp. ΔT
#2. Mengubah fasa (uap–cair, cair–padat)

Panas laten : Q = m. λ
#3. Menjaga temperatur konstan (misal: pada reaksi eksoterm)

Panas reaksi : Q = –m. ΔHR
JENIS SISTEM PENDINGINAN
#1. Once through system
UNIT
SUMBER AIR PROSES
(SUNGAI/LAUT) HEAT
(PABRIK)
EXCHANGER
POMPA
#2. Open recirculation system
UAP AIR
UNIT
RESIRKULASI UNIT
PROSES
HEAT
AIR (PABRIK)
EXCHANGER
MAKE UP
BLOWDOWN
POMPA
#3. Closed recirculation system
UNIT
PROSES
HEAT
(PABRIK)
EXCHANGER
CLOSED
RECIRCULATION POMPA
SYSTEM
SISTEM PENDINGINAN
#1. Pendinginan biasa

Temperatur fluida dingin di atas temperatur kamar (25–30oC).
Media pendingin dapat berupa udara, air.
#2. Pendinginan temperatur rendah

Temperatur fluida dingin di bawah temperatur rendah.
Media pendingin diperoleh dengan bantuan sistem refrigerasi.
SISTEM PENDINGINAN BIASA
Fluida Proses Fluida Proses

(Panas), TH (Dingin), TC
Medium
Pendingin
SISTEM PENDINGINAN TEMPERATUR RENDAH
fluida fluida
Fluida Proses proses, TH proses, TC
TH TC
air air dingin

Sistem Refrigerasi
Sistem Refrigerasi
(Chiller)
panas ke
QC, panas ke lingkungan
lingkungan
Sumber: https://orig00.deviantart.net/c332/f/2017/214/8/d/best_hvac_training_institute_in_chennai_by_conservesolution-dbio520.jpg diakses pada 6 November 2018, 21:00
PEMBUANGAN PANAS
DENGAN REFRIGERASI kcwanta@unpar.ac.id
TUJUAN REFRIGERASI
mendinginkan atau menjaga suhu di bawah suhu lingkungan suatu proses
atau produk.
APLIKASI SISTEM REFRIGERASI
Sumber gambar: [1] https://2qaayg3yvidcn9imquz625sg-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ductless-air-conditioner.jpg diakses pada 29 Oktober 2017, 12:30

[2] https://s7d2.scene7.com/is/image/SamsungUS/Pdpgallery-rs25j500dsr-aa-600x600-C5-052016?$product-details-jpg$ diakses pada 29 Oktober 2017, 12:35
BAGAIMANA APLIKASI SISTEM REFRIGERASI
DALAM SKALA INDUSTRI ?
 pabrik pembuatan es;
 proses dehidrasi gas;
 pemurnian lubricating–oil ;
 proses reaksi temperatur rendah;
 pemisahan hidrokarbon volatil;
 penyimpanan bahan baku atau produk;
 dan lainnya.
REFRIGERATOR vs HEAT PUMP
REFRIGERAN
Kategori:
 Hidrokarbon alifatik jenuh atau tak jenuh: etan, etilen, propan,
propilen, metan;
 Hidrokarbon halogen: diklorodifloro metan, dikloro-difloro
etan, trikloromonofloro metan, metil klorida, dan yang lainnya;
 Gas anorganik: udara, N2, CO2, SO2, NH3, air.
Sifat penting refrigeran:
 Tidak beracun;
 Tidak korosif;
 Tidak mudah terbakar;
 Physical properties: panas laten, panas spesifik;
 Kurva tekanan (P) vs suhu (T);
 Harga;
 Sifat terhadap lingkungan, seperti: global warming potential,
ozon depletion potential (ODP), atmospheric life.
FLAMMABILITY NORMAL
REFRIGERANT Cp, J/kg.oC LATENT HEAT
FORMULA RANGE, BOILING POINT,
IDENTIFIER oC @1,013 bar, 25oC @1,013 bar J/g
% (in air)
R717 NH3 16–25 –33 2.107 1.392

R1150 C2H4 3,1–32 –103,7 1.540 476
R170 C2H6 3–12,4 –88,68 1.767 487
R1270 C3H6 2–11,1 –47,7 1.510 438
R290 C3H8 2,2–9,5 –42,1 1.678 424
R12 CCl2F2 – –30 605 164
R22 CHF2Cl – –41,3 653 232
Azeotrop
R500 – –33,5 735 204
R12 dan R152A
Azeotrop
R502 – –44,8 586 174
R22 dan R115
CO2 – –87,4 850 391
HFC134A CH2FCF3 – –26,2 758 212
HFC152A CH3CHF2 – –24,5 – –
HFC125 CHF2CF3 – –49 – –
BAGAIMANA SISTEM REFRIGERASI BEKERJA ?
Sumber video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kBorxPr_iNc diakses pada 29 Oktober 2017, 19:53
Sumber gambar: https://www.kompasiana.com/cula.hermawan/cara-kerja-sistem-refrigerasi_55004deaa333113072510549 diakses pada 29 Oktober 2017, 20:23
Sumber: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/53e40aa4e4b0b8dd830e4954/t/5a4f8a1c53450ac4a922e406/1515162145746/Amchiller.jpg diakses pada 6 November 2018,21:01
SIKLUS REFRIGERASI kcwanta@unpar.ac.id

THE IDEAL VAPOR–COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION CYCLE
THROTTLE VALVE
(more commonly)
EXPANDER
(large installation)
KASUS #1
A refrigerated space is maintained at 10oF and cooling water is available at 70oC. The evaporator
and condenser are of sufficient size that a 10oF minimum–temperature difference for heat
transfer can be realized in each. The refrigeration capacity is 120,000 Btu/hr. The refrigerant is
tetrafluoroethane (HFC – 134a).
Calculate COP and the rate of circulation of refrigerant for vapor–compression cylce (using
throttle valve)!
Asumsikan kompresor bekerja secara isentropis.
P–H diagram for tetrafluoroethane (HFC – 134a)
CASCADE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
Kerjakan soal latihan #3 sebagai soal latihan kasus cascade refrigeration system!!!
Pendingin
Propan cair
Etan cair
Gas
Alam
Metan cair
LNG
MULTISTAGE
COMPRESSION
REFRIGERATION
SYSTEMS
The saturated vapor
In this system, the liquid (state 3) is mixed
refrigerant expands in the with the superheated
first expansion valve to the vapor from the low–
flash chamber pressure, pressure compressor
which is the same as the (state 2), and the
compressor interstage mixture enters the
pressure. high – pressure
compressor.
Part of the liquid vaporizes
during this process.
Kerjakan soal latihan #4 sebagai soal

latihan kasus multistage compression
refrigeration systems!!!
ABSORPSI–DESORPSI
Absorber dan desorber

berperan seperti kompresor
pada sistem kompresi uap.
Absorber: mengambil uap

refrigeran bertekanan rendah
menjadi larutan pekat.
Stripper: melepaskan
refrigeran dari larutan sebagai
uap bertekanan lebih tinggi
sehingga mudah
dikondensasikan.
AMMONIA ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI
PEMILIHAN SIKLUS REFRIGERASI
 suhu (tingkat) refrigerasi yang diperlukan;
 biaya untuk power;
 keperluan untuk melakukan refrigerasi melebihi batas suhunya;
 keperluan untuk melakukan refrigerasi pada suhu yang tetap;
 suhu air pendingin dan kondisi lingkungan sekitar;
 kapasitas atau beban refrigerasi.
Sumber: https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nB7nOsUFF9w/V1ps7uNVbuI/AAAAAAAAAEE/lq4eXq8ZsA02nePAq29rZaYELs-8-SE-gCLcB/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg diakses pada 12 Agustus 2018, 21:06
SOAL LATIHAN #1
Suatu tempat makanan ingin dijaga suhunya pada 4oC dengan menghilangkan panas dari
dalamnya pada laju 360 kJ/menit. Jika daya masuk refrigerator sebesar 2 kW, maka tentukan:
a. the coefficient of performance (COP) dari refrigerator tersebut!
b. laju panas keluaran refrigerator!
Diketahui:
1 kW = 60 kJ/menit
SOAL LATIHAN #2
A refrigerated space is maintained at 10oF and cooling water is available at 70oC. The evaporator
and condenser are of sufficient size that a 10oF minimum–temperature difference for heat
transfer can be realized in each. The refrigeration capacity is 120,000 Btu/hr. The refrigerant is
tetrafluoroethane (HFC – 134a).
a. Calculate COP and the rate of circulation of refrigerant for vapor–compression cylce (using
expander)!
b. Calculate COP and the rate of circulation of refrigerant for vapor–compression cylce (using
throttle valve)!
c. What is the value of COP for a Carnot refrigerator (see Termodinamika II)
SOAL LATIHAN #3
Consider a two–stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 0.8
and 0.14 MPa. Each stage operates on an ideal vapor–compression refrigeration cycle with
refrigerant–134a as the working fluid. Heat rejection from lower cycle to the upper cycle takes
place in an adiabatic counterflow heat exchanger where both streams enter at about 0.32 MPa.
(In practice, the working fluid of the lower cycle is at a higher pressure and temperature in the
heat exchanger for effective heat transfer). If the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the
upper cycle is 0.05 kg/s, determine:
a. the mass flow rate of the refrigerant through the lower cycle!
b. the rate of heat removal from the refrigerated space!
c. the power input to the compressor!
d. the coefficient of performance of this cascade refrigerator!
Apabila Anda merasa terdapat informasi yang kurang, silahkan Anda menggunakan informasi/asumsi lain untuk
menyelesaikan soal latihan ini.
SOAL LATIHAN #4
Consider a two–stage cascade refrigeration system operating between the pressure limits of 0.8
and 0.14 MPa. The working fluid is refrigerant–134a. The refrigerant leaves the condenser as a
saturated liquid and is throttled to a flash chamber operating at 0.32 MPa. Part of the refrigerant
evaporates during this flashing process, and this vapor is mixed with the refrigerant leaching the
low–pressure compressor. The mixture is then compressed to the condenser pressure by the
high–pressure compressor. The liquid in the flash chamber is throttled to the evaporator
pressure and cools the refrigerated space as it vaporizes in the evaporator. Assuming the
refrigerant leaves the evaporator as a saturated vapor and both compressors are isentropic,
determine:
a. the fraction of the refrigerant that evaporates as it is throttled to the flash chamber!
b. the amount of heat removed from the refrigerated space!
c. the compressor work per unit mass of refrigerant flowing through the condenser!
d. the coefficient of performance!
Apabila Anda merasa terdapat informasi yang kurang, silahkan Anda menggunakan informasi/asumsi lain untuk
menyelesaikan soal latihan ini.
SOAL LATIHAN #5
Rancang suatu sistem refrigerasi siklus kompresi gas dengan refrigeran R729
[Cp =1,05 kJ/(kg-C); Cp/Cv=1,4] menggunakan sebuah ekspander. Beban panas yang
diambil 1.500 kW pada temperatur 20C sampai –5C. Air pendingin tersedia pada
temperatur 25C [Cp, air = 4,18 kJ/(kg-C)]. Pada refrigerator dan pendingin terjadi
penurunan tekanan 0,2 bar.
a. Gambarkan diagram T–S siklus refrigerasi di atas!
b. Tentukan rasio ekspansi dan kompresi!
c. Tentukan laju alir refrigeran!
d. Tentukan laju alir pendingin!
e. Tentukan COP!
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan
Jl. Ciumbuleuit No. 94 Bandung 40141
kcwanta@unpar.ac.id

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SISTEM UTILITAS

MEDIA PEMINDAH PANAS

Kevin Cleary Wanta, S.T., M.Eng.

#1. Menurunkan temperatur (pendinginan)

#2. Mengubah fasa (uap–cair, cair–padat)

#3. Menjaga temperatur konstan (misal: pada reaksi eksoterm)

#1. Pendinginan biasa

#2. Pendinginan temperatur rendah

Fluida Proses Fluida Proses

air air dingin

Sumber gambar: [1] https://2qaayg3yvidcn9imquz625sg-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/ductless-air-conditioner.jpg diakses pada 29 Oktober 2017, 12:30

R717 NH3 16–25 –33 2.107 1.392

SIKLUS REFRIGERASI kcwanta@unpar.ac.id

Asumsikan kompresor bekerja secara isentropis.

Kerjakan soal latihan #4 sebagai soal

Absorber dan desorber

Absorber: mengambil uap

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