Physics​ I

​ nvestigatory 
Project 
 
“​Voltage​ ​Regulator​ ​Using​ ​Zener 
Diode​” 
 
 
Name:​G.​ ​Ananthakrishna 
 
Class:​ ​XII-A 
 
Roll​ ​No.: 
 
School:​Kendriya​ ​Vidyalaya​ ​AFS​ ​Begumpet 
 
Guide​ ​Teacher:​Mr.​ ​T.​ ​Srinivasa​ ​Rao 
 
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Certificate

This​ ​is​ ​to​ ​certify​ ​that​ ​G.Ananthakrishna,​ ​student​ ​of​ ​Class 

XII,Kendriya​ ​Vidyalaya​ ​AFS​ ​Begumpet​ ​has​ ​completed​ ​the 
project​ ​titled​ ​“Voltage​ ​Regulator​ ​Using​ ​Zener​ ​Diode” 
during​ ​the​ ​academic​ ​year​ ​2016-2017​ ​towards​ ​partial 
fulfillment​ ​of​ ​credit​ ​for​ ​the​ ​Computer​ ​Science​ ​practical 
evaluation​ ​of​ ​AISSCE​ ​2017,​ ​and​ ​submitted​ ​satisfactory 
report,​ ​as​ ​compiled​ ​in​ ​the​ ​following​ ​pages,​ ​under​ ​my 
supervision.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mr.​ ​T.​ ​Srinivasa​ ​Rao External​ ​Examiner 
(PGT​ ​Physics)
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Acknowledgement
I​ ​thank​ ​Mr.​ ​T.​ ​Srinivasa​ ​Rao​ ​for​ ​his​ ​constant
support​ ​and​ ​encouragement​ ​towards​ ​the
completion​ ​of​ ​this​ ​project.I​ ​also​ ​thank​ ​my
principal​ ​Mr.​ ​A.A.​ ​Israel​ ​and​ ​my​ ​parents​ ​for​ ​their
support.
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INDEX

Certificate 2
Acknowledgement 3
AIM 5
Apparatus/Components 6
Theory 7
Procedure 9
Observations 10
Result 11
References 12
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AIM

“To​ ​Construct​ ​a​ V

​ oltage
Regulator​ ​Using​ a ​ ​ ​Zener
Diode”
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Apparatus/Components

1. 5.1V​ ​Zener​ ​Diode

2. Bread​ ​Board
3. 2.7K​ ​Resistor
4. Connecting​ ​Wires
5. 9V​ ​Battery​ ​with​ ​connector
6. Multimeter/Voltmeter
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Theory

Zener​ ​Diode:
A​ ​zener​ ​diode​ ​is​ a
​ ​ ​diode​ t​ hat​ ​breaks​ ​down​ ​at​ ​a
specific​ ​voltage​ w ​ hen​ ​it​ i​ s​ ​reverse​ ​biased.

A​ ​zener​ ​diode​ ​can​ ​maintain​ ​the​ ​voltage​ ​at​ ​its

breakdown​ ​voltage​ ​as​ ​long​ ​as​ ​the​ ​supply​ ​voltage
is​ ​above​ ​this​ ​value.

In​ ​Forward​ ​Bias:

When​ ​a​ ​zener​ ​diode​ ​is​ ​forward​ ​biased​ ​it​ ​behaves
like​ ​an​ ​ordinary​ ​silicon​ ​diode.

In​ ​Reverse​ ​Bias:

When​ ​the​ ​zener​ ​diode​ ​is​ ​reverse​ ​biased​ ​with​ ​a
voltage​ ​less​ ​than​ ​V​z​​ ​it​ ​blocks​ ​the​ ​current,​ ​like
an​ ​ordinary​ ​silicon​ ​diode.​ ​When​ ​the​ ​reverse​ ​bias
voltage​ ​reaches​ ​V​z​​ ​the​ ​voltage​ ​is​ ​limited​ ​to
around​ ​this​ ​value,​ ​but​ ​it​ ​can​ ​conduct​ ​very​ ​large
currents
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Circuit​ ​Diagram:

Here,
Input=9V
R​A​=2.7K​ ​ohm
Zener​ ​Diode=5.1V
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Procedure

1. Assemble​ ​the​ ​above​ ​circuit​ ​on​ ​the​ ​bread

board.

2. Use​ ​a​ ​multimeter​ ​to​ ​verify​ ​that​ ​the​ ​output

voltage​ ​is​ ​equal​ ​to​ ​the​ ​zener​ ​voltage.

3. If​ ​not​ ​check​ ​all​ ​connections​ ​again​ ​and​ ​make

sure​ ​the​ ​zener​ ​diode​ ​is​ ​in​ ​reverse​ ​bias.

4. If​ ​still​ ​the​ ​voltage​ ​is​ ​not​ ​correct​ ​change

the​ ​diode.

5. Your​ ​Voltage​ ​Regulator​ ​is​ ​ready.

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Observations

The​ ​Output​ ​Voltage​ ​is​ ​Equal​ ​to​ ​the​ ​Zener 

Voltage(5.1V)​ ​and​ ​Hence​ ​Voltage​ ​has​ ​been 

Regulated. 

 
   
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Result

The​ ​Voltage​ ​Regulator​ ​Has​ ​Been 

Constructed​ ​Successfully​ ​with​ ​output 
voltage​ ​of​ ​5.1V 
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References

1. http://www.jaconline.com.au/jacarandaphysics/jacarandaphys
ics2/downloads/design-changes/u3-ds3-link-2.pdf​(theory)
2. http://www.google.com​(images)
3. http://vlab.amrita.edu/?sub=1&brch=282&sim=1207&cnt=1
(theory)