CHAPTER 3

3.3.1 Flow of Work

There are consist four stages of work flow for this survey work. It is includes planning, first
order control point, second order control point and benchmark (BM). Below show the figure
of stages to more clearly.

1st order 2nd order

Benchmark
Planning control control
(BM)
point point

Figure: Stages of Work Flow

3.3.2 Planning
A proper planning means planning before, during and after survey work such as software
configuration, hardware and equipment and fieldwork planning. The specification of this work
include six control point for first order, 22 control points for second order, two benchmarks
(BM) and two CORS points.
3.3.3 First Order Control Point

6 CPs

Hz: 2cm
3 sessions
V: 4cm
observation
H: 5cm

1st Order
Control
Point

2 CORS
1 hour station and 2
BM

Static
method

Figure: Criteria of First Order Control Point

Figure about show the criteria of first order control point. For this first order control point, it is
consist of six control points (6CPs). The control points were established on right and left side
of the road for each 2.5km section route. The point have been establish within 5km distance
of road which is start 0km for first and second control point and end 5km for fifth and sixth
control point. These points were established with distance approximately 300m from centre
of road. There are three sessions of observation that have been done to create the
independent baseline. All the observation doing is connecting with base and the base was
connected to two CORS station and 2 benchmark (BM) for control all the observation work.
The observation was static method with 1 hour observation but more than 2 hours
observation for base point. Then, the required accuracy for this task are 2cm for horizontal
(Hz), 4cm for vertical (V) and 5cm for orthometric height (H). The equipment for observation
work consists of Trimble R4, Trimble R6, CHCNAV and Topcon GR5. The observation data
from receivers had been stored and downloaded after all observation was finished. The data
were process by using Trimble Business Centre (TBC) software. Then, the result is
analyzed.
Guidelines

i. The satellite must be at least five satellites.

ii. GDOP less than 6.
iii. Cut-off angle at least 15˚.
iv. Sky visibility of 90%.
v. Used static method for observation.
vi. Logging interval is 10 second.
vii. Measurement timer is 1hour per session.
viii. Elevation mask is 15°.

Procedure Observation

i. The observation was divided into three sessions.

ii. At first session, receivers were set up at point CP1, CP2, CP3 and CP4. The
point had been chosen based on the sky visibility more than 90% and cut-off
angle at least 15˚.
iii. The receivers were connected to smartphone via Trimble DL software for Trimble
instruments and connected to controller for CHCNAV and Topcon GR5 via
Bluetooth.
iv. Antenna height, measurement method, logging interval, elevation mask, PDOP
warning, measurement timers, point name and code and measured to had been
set in the controller before the observation started.
v. The log file name of the observation was recorded manually in observation form
for checking purpose.
vi. The observation had been carried out for 1hour, the longer the period of
observation is the better of the accuracy.
vii. After finishing the first session, the second session will be continued with points
CP1, CP3, CP4 and CP5. The same step was followed for this session.
viii. Then, after finish the second session, third session will be continued with points
CP3, CP4, CP5 and CP6. Same steps were repeated for complete the
observation.
ix. The data had been stored and downloaded after the observation finished.
x. Trimble Business Centre (TBC) software had been used to process the data.
3.3.4 Second Order Control Point

22 CPs

Hz: 3cm 2nd Order Fast

V: 6cm Control Static
H: 8cm Point method

15
minutes

Figure: Criteria of Second Order Control Point

For this second order control point, it is consist of 22 control points (22CPs). The control
points were established close to existing road for each 500m section route. Each section
needs 2 control points and situated on line more than 75m each other. The observation was
used fast static method with 15 minutes observation. The observation was observed more
than 3 hour as a base. Then, the required accuracy for this task are 3cm for horizontal (Hz),
6cm for vertical (V) and 8cm for orthometric height (H). The observation data from receivers
had been stored and downloaded after all observation was finished. The data were process
by using Trimble Business Centre (TBC) software. Then, the result is analyzed. Below show
the guidelines and procedure of second order control point observation.

Guideline

i. The satellite must be at least five satellites.

ii. GDOP less than 6.
iii. Cut-off angle at least 15˚.
iv. Sky visibility of 90%.
v. Used static method for observation.
vi. Logging interval is 5 second.
vii. Measurement timer is 15 minutes per session.
viii. Elevation mask is 15°.
Procedure Observation.

i. Receivers were set up at 22 control points. The control points had been chosen
based on the sky visibility more than 90% and cut-off angle at least 15°.
ii. Six receivers were used. Two receivers used at the same time at different control
point but move to the next point differently each other with overlay in between 5
to 10 minutes.
iii. The receivers were connected to smartphone via Trimble DL software for Trimble
and CHCNAV instruments its connected to controller via Bluetooth.
iv. Antenna height, measurement method, logging interval, elevation mask, PDOP
warning, measurement timers, point name and code and measured to had been
set in the controller before the observation started.
v. The log file name of the observation was recorded manually in observation form
for checking purpose.
vi. The data had been stored and downloaded after the observation finished.
vii. Trimble Business Centre (TBC) software had been used to process the data.