ASSIGNMENT: 7

ELECTIVE (DISASTER MANAGEMENT)

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY :
Ar. ANKITA SINGH SHADAN KHAN
B.Arch 4th yr. 7th sem.
I.A.T.P, B.U., Jhansi
HAZARDS:
A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property
damage social and economic disruption or environment degradation. Latent condition that may represent future threats
can have different origins.

NATURAL HAZARDS:
Natural process or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may constitute a damaging effect. Natural hazards can be
classified according to their geological, hydrometeorological or biological origins.
 TECTONIC PLATES

TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES:
CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES: when two plates collide together. This create the Himalayan mountains.
SUBDUCTION: It occurs when one oceanic plate goes under a land pate. Created the Andes mountain.
DIVERGENT : Wen two plates are moving a part.
VULNERABILITY:
The condition determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the
impact of hazards.

SOCIAL VULNERABILITY:
• COPING ABILITY:
1. Resistance
2. Resilience
• SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT:
1. Age
2. Gender
3. Ethnicity
4. Household type
• ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT:
1. Income and assets
2. Insurance
3. debts

PHYSICAL FACTORS:
• Materially oriented
• Comes from the schools of land-use-planning, engineering and architecture.
• Consideration and susceptibility of location and the built environment.
• Placed in harm’s way
• Being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
• Population density levels
• Remoteness of a settlement, the site,
• Design and material used for critical infrastructure and for housing.
SOCIAL FACTORS:
• Level of well being of individuals, communities and society
• Education
• Age
• Gender
• Social status and class
• Social equity
• Culture and traditional values
• Social institution
• Health
ECONOMIC FACTORS:
• Economic status of individuals, communities and societies.
• Income
• Economic reserves
• Debts
• Access to credits, loans and insurances
ENVORONMENTAL FACTORS:
• The extent of natural resource deletion.
• The state of resource degradation
• Exposure to hazardous and toxic pollutants

HAZARD, EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY DRIVE DIRECT RISK IN DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT:
DISASTER:
A disaster is a function of risk process. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to
reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.
A serious disruption of functioning of community or society causing widespread human, material , economic and environmental losses which exceeds
The ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

HAZARDS:
TREND OF NATURAL DISASTER IN THE WORLD:
• Large catastrophic disaster is more likely to occur.
1. No. of disaster for which some international aid is executed.
2. 60s:90s=1:3
• Economic losses grew in high rate
1. 60s:90s=1:9
• Insured losses increase in high rate
1. Anti-catastrophe insurance available in high-income countries.
2. 60s:90s=1:16
TODAY’S PROBLEM:
• INCREASE IN EXPOSURE : Population and assets are concentrating to hazardous area.
• VULNEARBILITY: Population and assets have not enough resistance against natural hazards.
• STRUCTURE MEASURES ARE NOT ENOUGH to achieve resilient communities and cities.
• Disaster risk management and climate change adaptation are critical issues for sustainable urban planning and management .
• Focus should be placed on SOFT TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING , like household or community level disaster preparedness
• Implementation of innovative technology is a major challenge.

HOUSEHOLD COUNTER MEASURES:

FLOOD AND DROUGHT

RISK MANAGEMENT

CURRENT AND IDEAL DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT COUNTER
MEASURES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
RISK:
The probability that a particular adverse event occurs during a
stated period of time or results from a particular challenge.
As a probability in the sense of statistical theory, risk obey all the
Formal laws of combining probabilities.
DETERMINANT OF RISK: A numerical measures of the expected
harm
Or loss associated with an adverse event.
PROBABILITY AND MAGNITUDE OF AN ADVERSE EVENT
STUDIES OF DIFFERENT PLACES:
THE EARTHQUAKES OF 26TH JANUARY, 2001:
6.9 Richter scale according to Indian meteorological department. The epicentre
20km Northeast of the bhuj. Radius of influence was over 1500 km from epicentre.

Human life lost: 20,005

Person injured: 166,000
Cattle deaths : 207,17