PROFIT AND LOSS -> IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE

APTITUDE FORMULA
Cost Price: The price, at which an article is purchased, is called
its cost price, abbreviated as C.P.

Selling Price: The price at which an article is sold, is called its

TIME AND DISTANCE -> IMPORTANT FACTS AND
Selling Price, abbreviated as S.P.
FORMULAE
Profit or Gain: If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to
have a Profit or Gain.
1. Speed = [Distance/Time], Loss: If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a
loss.
Time = [Distance/Speed],
1. Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.)
Distance = (Speed*Time)
2. Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P.
2. x km/hr = [x*5/18] m/sec.
3. Gain % = [Gain*100/C.P.]
3. If the ratio of the speeds of A and B is a:b, then the ratio
of the times taken by them to cover the same distance is 4. Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.)
1/a : 1/b or b:a. 5. Loss% = [Loss*100/C.P.]
4. x m/sec = [x*18/5] km/hr. 6. S.P. = [(100+Gain %) /100] * C.P.
5. Suppose a man covers a certain distance at x km/hr and 7. S.P. = [(100-Loss %) /100] * C.P.
an equal distance at y km/hr. then, the average speed
8. C.P. = [100/ (100+Gain %)] * S.P.
during the whole journey is [2xy/x+y] km/hr.
9. C.P. = [100/ (100-Loss %)]* S.P.
VOLUME AND SURFACE AREA -> IMPORTANT FACTS IV. CONE
AND FORMULAE Let radius of base = r and Height = h. Then,

I. CUBIOD 1. Slant height, l = ( + ℎ ) units.

Let length = l, breadth = b and height = h units. Then, 2. Volume = [1/3 ∏r²h] cubic units.
1. Volume = (l x b x h) cubic units. 3. Total surface area = (∏rl + ∏r²) sq. units.
2. Surface area = 2 (lb + bh + lh) V. SPHERE
3. Diagonal = ( + +ℎ ) Let the radius of the sphere be r. Then,

II. CUBE 1. Volume = [4∏r3/3] cubic units.

Let each edge of a cube be of length a. Then, 2. Surface area = (4∏r²) sq. units.

1. Volume = a³ cubic units. VI. HEMISPHERE

2. Surface area = 6a² sq. units. Let the radius of a hemisphere be r. Then,

3. Diagonal = √3 a units. 1. Volume = [2∏r3/3] cubic units.

III. CYLINDER 2. Curved surface area = (2∏r²) sq. units.

Let radius of base = r and Height (or length) = h Then, 3. Total surface area = (3∏r²) sq. units.

1. Volume = (∏r²h) cubic units. Remember: 1 litre = 1000 cm³.

2. Curved surface area = (2∏rh) sq. units.

3. Total surface area = (2∏rh + 2∏r² sq. units)

= 2∏r (h + r) sq. units.


BOATS AND STREAMS -> IMPORTANT FACTS AND
FORMULAE
I. In water, the direction along the stream is called
downstream.
And, the direction against the stream is called upstream.
II. If the speed of a boat in still water is u km/hr and the
speed of the stream is v km/hr, then:
Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr
Speed upstream = (u - v) km/hr.
III. If the speed downstream is a km/hr and the speed
upstream is b km/hr, then:
Speed in still water = 1/2 (a + b) km/hr
Rate of stream = 1/2 (a - b) km/hr
PARTNERSHIP -> IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
I. Partnership: When two or more than two persons run a
business jointly, they are called partners and the deal is
known as partnership.
II. Ratio of Division of Gains:
(i) When investments of all the partners are for the same
time, the gain or loss is distributed among the partners in
the ratio of their investments.
Suppose A and B invest Rs. x and Rs. y respectively for a
year in a business, then at the end of the year:
(A’s share of profit): (B’s share of profit) = x:y.
(ii) When investments are for different time periods, then
equivalent capitals are calculated for a unit of time by
taking (capital * number of units of time). Now, gain or loss
is divided in the ratio of these capitals.
Suppose A invests Rs. x for p months and B invests Rs. y for
q months, then (A’s share of profit) : (B’s share of profit) =
xp : yq.
III. Working and Sleeping Partners: A partner who manages
the business is known as working partner and the one who
simply invests the money is a sleeping partner.
 CLOCKS -> IMPORTANT FORMULAE PROBLEMS ON TRAINS -> IMPORTANT FORMULAE
The face or dial of a watch is a circle whose circumference is divided 1. a km/hr = [a * 5/18]m/s.
into 60 equal parts, called minute spaces.
2. a m/s = [a * 18/5] km/hr.
A clock has two hands, the smaller one is called the hour hand or
3. Time taken by a train of length l metres to pass a pole or a
short hand while the larger one is called the minute hand or long
standing man or a signal post is equal to the time taken by the train
hand.
to cover l metres.
I. in 60 minutes, the minute hand gains 55 minutes on the hour
4. Time taken by a train of length l metres to pass a stationary
hand.
object of length b metres is the time taken by the train to cover (l +
II. In every hour, both the hands coincide once.
b) metres.
III. The hands are in the same straight line when they are coincident
5. Suppose two trains or two bodies are moving in the same
or opposite to each other.
direction at u m/s and v m/s, where u>v, then their relatives speed
IV. When the two hands are at right angles, they are 15 minute
= (u - v) m/s.
spaces apart.
6. Suppose two trains or two bodies are moving in opposite
V. When the hands are in opposite directions, they are 30
directions at u m/s and v m/s, then their relative speed is = (u + v)
minute spaces apart.
m/s
VI. Angle traced by hour hand in 12 hrs = 360°.
7. If two trains of length a metres and b metres are moving in
VII. Angle traced by minute hand in 60 min. = 360°.
opposite directions at u

8. If two trains of length a metres and b metres are moving in the

same direction at u m/s and v m/s, then the time taken by the faster

train to cross the slower train = (a + b)/(u - v) sec.

9. If two trains (or bodies) start at the same time from points A and
B towards each other and after crossing they take a and b sec in
reaching B and A respectively, then
(A’s speed):(B’s speed) = (√b : √a)
SIMPLE INTEREST -> IMPORTANT FORMULAE
1. Principal: The money borrowed or lent out for a certain
period is called the principal of the sum.
2. Interest: Extra money paid for using other’s money is
called interest.
3. Simple Interest (S.I.): If the interest on a sum borrowed
for a certain period is reckoned uniformly, then it is called
simple interest.
Let Principal = P, Rate = R% per annum (p.a.) and Time = T
years, Then,
(i) S.I. = [P * R * T / 100]
(ii) P = [100 * S.I. / R * T]
R = [100 * S.I / P * T] and T = [100 * S.I. / P * R]
Numbers -> IMPORTANT FACTS AND FORMULAE
1. Natural Numbers: Counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..are
called natural numbers.
II. Whole Numbers: All counting numbers together with
zero form the set of whole numbers. Thus,
I. 0 is the only whole number which is not a natural
number.
II. Every natural number is a whole number.
III. Some Important Formulae:
I. (1 + 2 + 3 + .....+ n) = n (n + 1) / 2
II. (1 2 + 22 + 32 + ..... + n2) = n (n + 1) (2n + 1) / 6
III. (1 3 + 23 + 33 + ..... + n3) = n2 (n + 1)2 / 4
Complied by: Er. Manit Choudhary
manit.choudhary91@gmail.com
 Aptitude Practice Questions
1. Three pipes A,B and C can fill a tank from empty to full in 30 minutes, 20
minutes and 10 minutes respectively. When the tank is empty, all the three pipes
are opened. A, B and C discharge chemical solutions P, Q and R
respectively. What is the proportion of solution R in the liquid in the tank after 3
minutes?
(A) 5/11 (B) 6/11 (C) 7/11 (D) 8/11

2. How many zeros are there at the end of the number obtained from 999!
(A) 246 (B) 247 (C) 248 (D) 249

3. A certain amount of sum is invested at simple interest. If the sum becomes k times
itself in 16 years and 2k times itself in 40 years, in how many years will it become
4k times of itself?
(A) 96 years (B) 88 years (C) 80 years (D) 64 years

4. One afternoon a person left home at 2:35pm according to the watch at home. He
reached office at 3:10pm according to the watch at office. He stayed there for
25mins and moved towards home at a speed twice than previous and reached
home at 4pm according to the watch at home. Find out by which how much time
office watch is either fast or late compared to watch at home?
(A) 5min fast (B) 5min late (C) 15min late (D) 10min late

5. A, B and C start running at the same time and from the same point around a
circular track of 70m radius. A and B run clockwise and C counter clockwise.
If A meets C every 88 seconds and B meets C every 110 seconds, then after
how much seconds does A meets B?
(A) 22 seconds
(B) 198 seconds

(C) 440 seconds

(D) 220 seconds

6. If there are 51 rupees consisting of coins of 1 rupees, 50 paisa and 25 paisa.

Number of 50 paisa coin is double that of number of 1 rupee coin and four times
that of 25 paisa, and then what is the number of 50 paisa coins in the collection.
(A) 48 (B) 51 (C) 12 (D) 24

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 7. If f(x) denotes the number of prime number not greater than x , then what is the
value of f(f(100))
(A) 11 (B) 7 (C) 9 (D) 8
8. In what ratio must tea at Rs. 62 per kg be mixed with tea at Rs. 72 per kg so that
the mixture must be worth Rs. 64.50 per kg?
(A) 3:1 (B) 1:3 (C) 3:2 (D) 2:3

9. A tank is filled by three pipes with uniform flow. The first two pipes operating
Simultaneously fill the tank in the same time during which the tank is filled by the
third pipe alone. The second pipe fills the tank 5 hour faster than the first pipe and 4
hour slower than the third pipe. The time required by the first pipe is
(A) 6 hours (B) 10 hours
(C) 15 hours (D) 30 hours
! !
10. Find the unit’s digit in the product of 37562 and 67847
(A) 4 (B) 0 (C) 6 (D) 8

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 ARITHMETIC

Averages & Percentage

Interest, Profit & Loss
Mixtures & Alligation
Ratio & Proportion
Time Speed & Distance
Races & Clocks
Time & Work

Complied by: Er. Manit Choudhary

Averages
Funda: AM ≥ GM ≥ HM is always true. They will be equal if

Simple Average = all elements are equal to each other. If I have just two

values then GM2= AM x HM
⋯
Weighted Average = Funda: The sum of deviation (D) of each element with
⋯
respect to the average is 0
Arithmetic Mean = (a1+a2+a3+…….an) / n
 D=( − )+( − )+( −
Geometric Mean = …. ) …..+ ( − )=0

Harmonic Mean =
⋯ Funda: = +
.

For two numbers a and b

 AM = (a + b)/2 Median of a finite list of numbers can be found by
arranging all the observations from lowest value to

 GM = √ highest value and picking the middle one.

Mode is the value that occurs most often

 HM =

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Percentages
Fractions and their percentage equivalents:
Fraction %age Fraction %age Funda: r% change can be nullified by % change
+

1/2 50% 1/9 11. 11% in another direction. Eg: An increase of 25% in prices
can be nullified by a reduction of [100x25/(100+25)] =
20% reduction in consumption.
1/3 33.33% 1/10 10%
Funda: If a number ‘x’ is successively changed by a%,
1/4 25% 1/11 9.09% b%, c%...

1/5 20% 1/12 8.33%  Final value = (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + )

1/6 16.66% 1/13 7.69%
Funda: The net change after two successive changes
1/7 14.28% 1/14 7.14%
of a% and b% is ( a + b+ )%
1/8 12.5% 1/15 6.66%

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Interest
Amount = Principal + Interest Growth and Growth Rates
Simple Interest = PNT/100
Absolute Growth = Final Value – Initial Value
Compound Interest = P 1 + –P
Growth rate for one year period =
Population formula P’ = P 1 ±
–
× 100
Depreciation formula = Initial Value x 1 −

–
SAGR or AAGR = × 100

Funda: SI and CI are same for a certain sum of

money (P) at a certain rate (r) per annum for the
first year. The difference after a period of two
years is given by
 ∆=
– .
CAGR= –1
Funda: If the time period is more than a year,
CAGR < AAGR. This can be used for approximating
the value of CAGR instead of calculating it.

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Profit and Loss Mixtures and Allegation
Successive Replacement – Suppose a container contains x
–
%Profit / Loss = × 100 units of liquid from which y units are taken out & replaced

by water. after n operations, the quantity of pure liquid

In case false weights are used while selling,
= 1 − units
Claimed weight – Actual weight
% Profit = − 1 × 100
Initial Value Allegation – The ratio of the weights of the two items
– mixed will be inversely proportional to the deviation of
Discount % = × 100

attributes of these two items from the average attribute
of the resultant mixture
Higher value lower value
Funda: Effective Discount after successive
discount of a% and b% is
Required Ratio
(a + b - ). Effective Discount when you buy Mean value will be =
x goods and get y goods free is × 100
M-L H-M

(mean-lower value) ( mean-lower value)

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Ratio and Proportion Funda: if = =
Compounded Ratio of two ratios a/b and c/d is ac/bd,
Duplicate ratio of a : b is a2: b2
 =K
3 3
Triplicate ratio of a : b is a : b
Sub-duplicate ratio of a : b is √ : √  =K
Sub-triplicate ratio of a : b is √ : √
Reciprocal ratio of a : b is b : a  =
Componendo and Dividendo

If = & a ≠ b then =
Four (non-zero) quantities of the same kind a, b ,c, d
are said to be in proportion if a/b = c/d.
The non-zero quantities of the same kind a, b, c, d..
are said to be in continued proportion if a/b = b/c = c/d.
Proportion
a, b, c, d are said to be in proportion if =
a, b, c, d are said to be in continued proportion if
Given two variables x and y, y is (directly) proportional to x
(x and y vary directly, or x and y are in direct variation) if
there is a non-zero constant k such that y = kx. It is denoted
by y α x.
Two variables are inversely proportional (or varying
inversely, or in inverse variation, or in inverse
proportion or reciprocal proportion) if there exists a non-
zero constant k such that y = k/x

= =
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 Funda: Given that the distance between two points is
Time Speed and Distance constant, then

Speed = Distance / Time  If the speeds are in Arithmetic Progression, then

1 kmph = 5/18 m/sec; 1 m/sec = 18/5 kmph the times taken are in Harmonic Progression
1 + 2 + 3 …..  If the speeds are in Harmonic Progression,
SpeedAvg = =
Total Time Taken 1 + 2 + 3 ….. then the times taken are in Arithmetic
If the distance covered is constant then the a speed is Progression
Harmonic Mean of the values ( ….. )
n
 SpeedAvg = For Trains, time taken =
1 1 1 1
+ + …..
1 2 3
For Boats,
2
 SpeedAvg = +1 2 (for two speeds) Speedupstream = SpeedBoat - SpeedRiver
1 2

If the time taken is constant then the average speed is SpeedDownstream = SpeedBoat + SpeedRiver
Arithmetic Mean of the values ( ….. )
SpeedBoat = (SpeedDownstream + Speedupstream) / 2
1 + 2 + 3 +⋯
 SpeedAvg = n SpeedRiver = (SpeedDownstream - Speedupstream) / 2
1+ 2 For Escalators, The difference between escalator problems
 SpeedAvg = 2
(for two speeds)
and boat problems is that escalator can go either up or
down.

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Races & Clocks Two people are running on a circular track of length L

with speeds a and b in the opposite direction

Linear Races
L
Winner’s distance = Length of race  Time for 1st meeting =

Loser’s distance = Winner’s distance – (beat distance + L L

 Time for 1st meeting at the starting point = LCM ,
start distance)
Three people are running on a circular track with
Winner’s time = Loser’s time – (beat time + start time)
speeds a, b and c in the same direction
Deadlock / dead heat occurs when beat time = 0 or beat
L L
 Time for 1st meeting = LCM ,
distance = 0 − −

 Time for 1st meeting at the starting point =

Circular Races L L L
LCM , ,
Two people are running on a circular track of length L with
speeds a and b in the same direction Clocks To solve questions on clocks, consider a circular
track of length360 . The minute hand moves at a speed of
L
 Time for 1st meeting = 6 per min and the hour hand moves at a speed of ½ per
minute.
L L
 Time for 1st meeting at the starting point = LCM ,
Funda: Hands of a clock coincide (or make180 ) 11
times in every 12 hours. Any other angle is made 22
times in every 12 hours.

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Time and Work
If a person can do a certain task in t hours, then in 1 hour
he would do 1/t portion of the task.
A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours and B does the same
job in ‘b’ hours, together they will take hours.
A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours more than A and B
combined whereas B does the same job in ‘b’ hours more
than A and B combined, then together they will take √
hours to finish the job.
Funda: A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours, B does the
same job in ‘b’ hours and C does the same job in ‘c’
hours, then together they will take hours.
Funda: If A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours and A&B
together do the job in ‘t’ hours, the B alone will take
hours.
Funda: If A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours, B does
the same job in ‘b’ hours and ABC together do the
job in ‘t’ hours, then
 C alone can do it in hours
 A and C together can do it in hours
 B and C together can do it in hours
Funda: If the objective is to fill the tank, then the
Inlet pipes do positive work whereas the Outlet
pipes do negative work. If the objective is to
empty the tank, then the Outlet pipes do positive
work whereas the Inlet Pipes do negative work.
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 PRESENTED BY:
Er. Manit Choudhary

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Q: Which one of the following fraction is the greatest?
3/4, 4/5 and 5/6
Ans: 5/6

Q: Which one of the following fraction is the greatest?

1/8, 4/9 and 7/10
Ans: 7/10

Short trick:
When the numerator and the denominator of the fractions increased
by a constant value, the last fraction is the greatest.
Fraction like: (x+a)/ (x+b)
Where:
a = increment in numerator
b = increment in denominator
This condition for when a=b or a>b
Q: Which one of the following is the greatest?
1/8, 2/12, 3/16 and 4/20
Ans: 4/20

Q: Which one of the following is the greatest?

2/7, 4/15 and 6/23
Ans: 2/7

Short trick:
In the case of a<b
1. Increase in num/ Increase in den. > First fraction
then the last value is greatest
2. Increase in num/ Increase in den. < First fraction
then the last value is least
3. Increase in num/ Increase in den. = First fraction
then all the values are equal
Q: Which is greater: 5/8 or 9/14
Ans: 9/14

Q: Which is greater: 4/15 or 6/23

Ans: 4/15

Q: Arrange following in ascending order

3/7, 4/5, 7/9, 1/2 and 3/5
Ans: 3/7, 1/2, 3/5, 7/9, 4/5

Short trick:
The fraction whose numerator after cross
multiplication gives the greater value is greater.
Some Rules on Counting Numbers
1. Sum of all the first n natural numbers =
n(n+1)/2
2. Sum of first n odd numbers = n2
3. Sum of first n even numbers = n(n+1)
4. Sum of squares of first n natural numbers =
n(n+1)(2n+1)/6
5. Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers =
(n(n+1)/2)2
6. The difference between the squares of two
consecutive numbers is always an odd number.
Power and Index:
If a number ‘p’ is multiplied by itself n times,
the product is called nth power of ‘p’ and is
written as pn. In pn, p is called the base and n is
called the index of the power.

Q: What is the number in the unit place in

(729)59 ?
Ans: 9
Q: Find the number in unit place in
(623)36, (122)22, (98)42
Ans: 1, 4 and 4
Short tricks:
Rule I: For odd numbers
(…1)n = (…1)
(…3)4n = (…1)
(…7)4n = (…1) where n = 1,2,3…
Rule II: For even numbers
(…2)4n = (…6)
(…4)2n = (…6)
(…6)n = (…6)
(…8)4n = (…6) where n = 1,2,3…
Rule III:
(…1)n = (…1)
(…5)n = (…5)
(…6)n = (…6) where n = 1,2,3…
(…9)n = (…9) where n = 1,3,5…
(…9)2n = (…1) where n = 1,2,3…
Q: The quotient arising from the division of 24446 by a certain
number is 79 and the remainder is 35; what is the divisor?
(a) 307 (b) 309 (c) 312 (d) 315
Ans: (b)
Q: What least number must be added to 8961 to make it
exactly divisible by 84?
(a) 27 (b) 25 (c) 29 (d) 32
Ans: (a)
Q: What least number must be subtracted to 8961 to make it
exactly divisible by 84?
(a) 59 (b) 58 (c) 57 (d) 56
Ans: (c)
Q: Find the least number of 5 digit which is exactly divisible
by 89.
(a) 9943 (b) 10043 (c) 10570 (d) 10057
Ans: (d)
Q: A number when divided by 899 gives a remainder 63. What
remainder will be obtained by dividing the same number by
29?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Ans: (c)
Q: A number when divided by 899 gives a remainder 62. What
remainder will be obtained by dividing the same number by
31?
(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
Ans: (a)
Q: A number when divided by 12 gives a remainder 7. What
remainder will be obtained by dividing the same number by 7?
(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 0 (d) Que. wrong
Ans: (d)
Q: A boy multiplied 423 by a certain number and obtained 65589
as his answer. If both the fives are wrong, but the other figures
are right, find the correct answer.
(a) 64089 (b) 60489 (c) 60849 (d) 60948
Ans: (b)
Formula:
Divisor x Quotient = Dividend – Remainder

Q: By what number less than 1000 must 43259

be multiplied so that the last three digits to
the right of the product may be 437?
(a) 643 (b) 634 (c) 753 (d) 743
Ans: (d)
Q: The sum of two numbers is 14 and their difference
is 10. Find the product of the two numbers.
(a) 140 (b) 70 (c) 44 (d) 24
Ans: (d)
Q: The sum of two numbers is 30 and their difference
is 6. Find the difference of their squares.
(a) 160 (b) 180 (c) 190 (d) 200
Ans: (b)
Q: The product of two terms is 39 and their difference
is 28. Find the difference of their reciprocals.
(a) 28/39 (b) 39/28 (c) 7/39 (d) 13/28
Ans: (a)
Short trick:
Product of the numbers:
Product= (Sum2 – Difference2)/4
OR
Product= (Sum + Difference) (Sum – Difference)/4
OR
X=(Sum + Difference)/2
Y=(Sum – Difference)/2
Difference of their Squares:
=Sum × Difference
Difference or Sum of their reciprocals:
=Difference or Sum/ Product
Q: If two-fifth of one-half of number is 8, find
the number.
(a) 6.4 (b) 20 (c) 40 (d) 44
Ans: (c)
Q: If one-fifth of one-third of one-half of
number is 15, find the number.
(a) 420 (b) 450 (c) 470 (d) 480
Ans: (b)
Short trick:
Number = x × (b/a) × (d/c) × (f/e)
Q: The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. If
63 subtracted from the number then digits are
reversed. Find the number.
(a) 63 (b) 36 (c) 72 (d) 81
Ans: (d)
Q: The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 8. If
the digits are reversed, the number is decreased by
54. Find the number.
(a) 71 (b) 62 (c) 53 (d) 80
Ans: (a)
Short trick:
Number = (11x±y)/2
Where, x=sum of digits y=decrement or increment
(+ve) sign for when y is decreased and (−ve) sign for
when y is increased.
Q: If 40% of a number is 360, what will be 15%
of 15% of that number?
(a) 20.2 (b) 20.4 (c) 20.25 (d) 20.3
Ans: (c)

Q: The ratio of the sum and the difference of

two numbers is 7:1. Find the ratio of those
two numbers..
(a) 7:3 (b) 3:7 (c) 3:4 (d) 4:3
Ans: (d)
Q: The difference between a two digit number and the
number obtained by interchanging the digits is 27.
What is the difference of the two digits of the number?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
Ans: (b)
Q: If the places of last two digits of a three-digit number are
interchanged, a new number greater than the original
number by 54 is obtained. What is the difference between
the last two digits of that number?
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
Ans: (a)

Short trick:
Difference of two digits
= (Diff. in original & Interchanged number)/9
Q: The digit at the unit’s place of a 2-digit number is increased by
50%. And the digit at the ten’s place of the same number is
increased by 100%. Now, we find that the new number is 33
more than the original number. Find the original number.
(a) 66 (b) 33 (c) 36 (d) 69
Ans: (c)

Q: It is given that 232+1 is exactly divisible by a certain number.

Which one of the following is also divisible by the same
number?
(a) 296+1 (b) 216-1 (c) 216+1 (d) 7×233
Ans: (a)

Q: The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum of the digits
of that number is 4:1. If the digit in the unit’s place is 3 more
than the digit in the ten’s place, what is the number?
(a) 36 (b) 47 (c) 58 (d) 69
Ans: (a)
Q: A number on being divided by 5 and 7
successively leaves the remainders 2 and 4
respectively. Find the remainder when the
same number is divided by 5×7=35
(a) 20 (b) 21 (c) 22 (d) 23
Ans: (c)

Short trick:
The required number is = d1×r2 +r1
Where, d1 = The first divisor
r1 = the first remainder
r2 = the second remainder
Q: Find the number of zeroes at the end of the
products:
(1) 12 × 18 × 15 × 40 × 25 × 16 × 55 × 105
(2) 5 × 10 × 15 × 20 × 25 × 30 × 35 × 40 × 40 × 45
Ans: 6 and 10

Short trick:
1) If there is any zero at the end of any multiplicand
2) If 5 or multiple of 5 are multiplied by any even
number.
To generalise the above two statements in (5)n (2)m
n zeros when n<m or m zeros when m<n
Q: Find the number of different divisors of 50, besides
unity and the number itself.
Ans: 4

Q: The number of divisors of 40, except unity, is

Ans: 7

Quick method: To find the number of different divisor

50 = 2 × 5 × 5 = 21 × 52
Total divisors = (1+1)×(2+1) = 6
Excluding 1 and 50 = 6-2=4

Q: Find the different divisors of 37800, excluding unity.

Ans: 95
Q: How many numbers up to 100 are divisible by 6?
Ans: 16

Q: How many numbers up to 200 are divisible by 4 and 3

together?
Ans: 16

Short trick: To find the number of number divisible by a

certain integer
The quotient obtained is the required number of numbers.
Like in above question
100 = 16 × 6 + 4 Here quotient is 16

Q: How many numbers between 100 and 300 are divisible by

7?
Ans: 28
Following points to be remembered:
1. The face value of a digit is the value of that
digit, may be at any place. For example, the
face value of 4 in the numeral 547063 is 4,
while its place value is 40000.
2. The square of a natural number never ends in
2, 3, 7 and 8.
3. The difference of square of two consecutive
even integer is always divisible by 4.
4. The difference of square of two consecutive
odd integer is always divisible by 4 and 8.
5. A given number is divisible by 2, if the unit digit in the
number is any one of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8.
6. A given number is divisible by 3, if the sum of the digits of
the given number is divisible by 3.
7. A given number is divisible by 4, if the number formed by
last two digit, is divisible by 4.
8. A given number is divisible by 5, if the unit digit in the
number is 0 or 5.
9. A given number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by
the last 3 digits of the given number, is divisible by 8.
10. A given number is divisible by 9, if the sum of the digits of
the number is divisible by 9.
11. A given number is divisible by 10, if the unit digit of the
number is 0.
12. A given number is divisible by 11, if the difference of the
sum of the digits in odd places and the sum of its digits in
even places, is either 0 or a number divisible by 11.
Some other short tricks:
1. If a/b of a number is x then the number is x×(b/a).
2. Any number is x more or less from the a/b of that number then the
number is (x×b)/(b-a).
3. The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by
interchanging the digits is always multiple of 11 then the sum of
digits is (sum of two numbers/11).
4. If x is added in any number then new number is y times the original
number. So the original number is x/(y – 1).
5. If x is added or subtracted from a/b part of a number then the number
is equal to c/d part of that number. So the number is xbd/ (ad – bc).
6. If a% of a number is added in the second number and increment in
the second number is b% then the ratio of first and second number is
b:a.
7. If any number is divided by ‘a’ but by mistake multiplied by ‘a’
instead of division and got an answer which exceeded by x then the
number is xa/(a2 – 1).
8. If any number is multiplied by ‘a’ but by mistake divide by ‘b’ instead
of multiplication and got an answer which decrease by x then the
number is xab/(ab – 1).
Q:1 What least number must be added to 1056,
so that the sum is completely divisible by 23 ?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 18 (d) 21

Q:2 The largest 4 digit number exactly divisible

by 88 is:
(a) 9944 (b) 9768 (c) 9988 (d) 8888

Q:3 What is the unit digit in

{(6374)1793 x(625)317 x (341)491}?
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
Q:4 The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing
the larger number by the smaller, we get 6 as quotient
and the 15 as remainder. What is the smaller number ?
(a) 240 (b) 270 (c) 295 (d) 360

Q:5 (753 x 753 + 247 x 247 - 753 x 247)

(753 x 753 x 753 + 247 x 247 x 247)
(a) 1/1000 (b) 1/506 (c) 253/500 (d) None

Q:6 On dividing a number by 56, we get 29 as remainder.

On dividing the same number by 8, what will be the
remainder ?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
Q:7 How many natural numbers are there between 23 and
100 which are exactly divisible by 6 ?
(a) 8 (b) 11 (c) 12 (d) 13

Q:8 (963 + 476)2 + (963 - 476)2

(963 x 963 + 476 x 476)
(a) 1449 (b) 497 (c) 2 (d) 4

Q:9 In dividing a number by 585, a student employed the

method of short division. He divided the number
successively by 5, 9 and 13 (factors 585) and got the
remainders 4, 8, 12 respectively. If he had divided the
number by 585, the remainder would have been
(a) 24 (b) 144 (c) 292 (d) 584
Q:10 In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the
quotient and 5 times the remainder. If the
remainder is 46, what is the dividend ?
(a) 4236 (b) 4306 (c) 4336 (d) 5336

Q:11 The sum of the two numbers is 12 and their

product is 35. What is the sum of the
reciprocals of these numbers ?
(a) 12/35 (b) 1/35 (c) 35/8 (d) 7/32

Q:12 What is the unit digit in(795 - 358)?

(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7
Q:13 If 60% of 3/5 of a number is 36, then the
number is:
(a) 80 (b) 100 (c) 75 (d) 90

Q:14 The difference between the place value and

the face value of 6 in the numeral 856973 is:
(a) 973 (b) 6973 (c) 5994 (d) None

Q:15 A number was divided successively in order

by 4, 5 and 6. The remainders were
respectively 2, 3 and 4. The number is:
(a) 214 (b) 476 (c) 954 (d) 1908
Q:16 The difference between the place values of two
sevens in the numeral 69758472 is:
(a) 0 (b) 6993 (c) 699930 (d) None

Q:17 A certain number of two-digits is three times the sum

of its digits and if 45 be added to it, the digits will be
reversed. The number is:
(a) 32 (b) 72 (c) 27 (d) 23

Q:18 If 3 is added to the denominator of a fraction, it

becomes 1/3 and if 4 be added to its numerator, it
becomes 3/4. The fraction is:
(a) 4/9 (b) 3/20 (c) 7/24 (d) 5/12
Q:19 The difference between squares of two numbers is
256000 and sum of the numbers is 1000. The
numbers are:
(a) 628, 372 (b) 600, 400 (c) 640, 630 (d) None

Q:20 There are two numbers such that the sum of twice
the first and thrice the second is 18, while the sum
of thrice the first and twice the second is 17. The
larger of the two is:
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 12

Q: 21 Which one of the following can't be the square of

natural number ?
(a) 32761 (b) 81225 (c) 42437 (d) 20164
Q:22 Of the two numbers, 4 times the smaller one is less than 3
times the larger one by 5. But the sum of the numbers is
larger than 6 times their difference by 6. The larger number
is:
(a) 43 (b) 53 (c) 59 (d) 63

Q:23 2/3 of a number is 20 less than the original number. The

number is:
(a) 40 (b) 60 (c) 80 (d) 90

Q:24 What is the value of M and N respectively? If M39048458N is

divisible by 8 and 11; Where M and N are single digit
integers?
(a) 7, 8 (b) 8, 6 (c) 6, 4 (d) 5, 4

Q:25 If the number 42573 * is exactly divisible by 72, then the

minimum value of * is:
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
Answers:
1. A 11. A 21. C
2. A 12. B 22. C
3. A 13. B 23. B
4. B 14. C 24. C
5. A 15. A 25. C
6. B 16. C
7. D 17. C
8. C 18. D
9. D 19. A
10. D 20. A
 Quantitative Techniques
(Aptitude)
Paper - 1

Er. Manit Choudhary

B.Tech Mechanical Engineering (2008-12)
M.E. Thermal Engineering (2013-15)
Q: 1 Which one of the following fraction is the greatest?
3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7
(a) 3/4 (b) 4/5 (c) 5/6 (d) 6/7

Q: 2 If 137 + 276 = 435 how much is 731 + 672?

(a) 534 (b) 1403 (c) 1623 (d) 1513

Q: 3 1! + 2! + 3! + 4! + 5! +……… + 99!
what is the unit placed or last digit in this number?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Q: 4 Find a number such that when 15 is subtracted from
7 times the number, the result is 10 more than twice
the number.
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 9 (d) 3

Q: 5 Find the number which being increased by 1 will

be exactly divisible by 17, 22, 33 and 102
(a) 1131 (b) 1121
(c) 1001 (d) None of these
Q: 6 A boy multiplied 423 by a certain number and obtained
65589 as his answer. If both the fives are wrong, but the
other figures are right, find the correct answer.
(a) 64089 (b) 60489 (c) 60849 (d) 60948

Q: 7 The average of 50 numbers is 30. If two numbers, 35

and 40 are discarded. then the average of remaining
numbers is nearly?
(a) 28.32 (b) 28.78 (c) 29.27 (d) 29.68

Q: 8 If the places of last two digits of a three-digit number

are interchanged, a new number greater than the
original number by 54 is obtained. What is the
difference between the last two digits of that number?
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
 5
Q: 9 A man had two sons. To the elder he gave 11
ofhis
5
property, to the younger 11 of remainder, the rest to the
widow. Find the share of the sons if the widow gets Rs.
3600.
(a) Rs. 1200, 1000 (b) Rs. 6000, 2000
(c) Rs. 7500, 1000 (d) Rs. 5500, 3000

63 49
Q: 10 Find unit digit of 133  4
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8

Q: 11 If 738A6A is divisible by 11, then value of A?

(a) 6 (b) 3 (c) 9 (d) 1
Q: 12 A & B can do a work in 3 days, B & C can do it in
4 days, A & C can do it in 6 days, how long will it
take A alone to do it?
(a) 8 days (b) 6 days (c) 4 days (d) 12 days

Q: 13 If 4 Men and 3 Women can do a work in 8 days,

6 men and 9 women can do the work in 4 days. In
how many days can 20 men and 6 women do the
same work?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Q: 14 Working 7 hrs daily 24 men can complete a piece of work

in 27 days. In how many days would 14 men complete
the same piece of work working 9 hrs daily?
(a) 36 days (b) 30 days (c) 32 days (d) none
Q: 15 5 skilled workers can build a wall in 20 days; 8 semi-skilled
workers can build a wall in 25 days; 10 unskilled workers can
build a wall in 30 days. If a team has 2 skilled, 6 semi-skilled
and 5 unskilled workers, how long will it take to build the
wall?
(a) 10 days (b) 12 days (c) 13 days (d) 15 days

Q: 16 A and B can do a work in 25 days and 20 days respectively.

A worked on it for 10 days and then B joins him, in how
many days work will be completed?
(a) 16 2 (b) 12 1 (c) 20 2 (d) 15 2
3 2 3 3

Q: 17 A, B and C can do a work in 6, 9 and 18 days

respectively. They all begin together. If total amount given
for complete work Rs. 600 then find the earnings of A, B and
C.
(a) 200, 100, 300 (b) 300, 100, 200
(c) 100, 200, 300 (d) 300, 200, 100
Q: 18 What is the HCF of 513, 1134 and 1215?
(a) 3 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 81

Q: 19 The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a JIET is 7:8.

If the percentage increase in a number of boys and girls be
20% and 10% respectively, what will be the new ratio?
(a) 8:9 (b) 17:18 (c) 21:22 (d) can’t be determined

Q: 20 A mixture contains alcohol and water in the ratio of 12:5.

On adding 14 litres of water, the ratio of alcohol to water
becomes 4:3. The Quantity of alcohol in the mixture is ?
(a) 14 litres (b) 42 litres (c) 26 litres (d) None of these
Q: 21 There are peacocks and deers in a park. If the total
number of their heads is 150 and that of legs is 400.
The number of deers is
(a) 50 (b) 60 (c) 90 (d) 100

Q: 22 A, B and C start at the same time in same direction to

run around a circular stadium. A completes a round
in 48 seconds, B in 72 seconds and C in 108 seconds
all starting at the same point. after what time will
they meet again at the starting point ?
(a) 6 min 12 sec (b) 6 min 32 sec
(c) 7 min 12 sec (d) 7 min 32 sec
Q: 23 A container originally contains 10 litres of pure spirit.
From this container 1 litre of spirit is replaced with
1 litre of water. Subsequently, 1 litre of mixture is
again replaced with1 litre of water and this process is
repeated one more time. How much spirit is now left
in the container?

(a) 7.58 litre (b) 7.84 litre

(c) 7 litre (d) 7.29 litre
(1) d (2) c (3) c (4) b (5) b
(6) b (7) d (8) a (9) d (10) d
(11) c (12) a (13) a (14) a (15) d
(16) a (17) d (18) c (19) c (20) b
(21) a (22) c (23) d
manit.choudhary91@gmail.com
 Quantitative Techniques
(Aptitude)
Paper - 2

Er. Manit Choudhary

B.Tech Mechanical Engineering (2008-12)
M.E. Thermal Engineering (2013-15)
Q: 1 In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of
the total valid votes, 20% of the votes were invalid. If the
total number of votes was 7500, the number of valid votes
that the other candidate got, was:
(a) 2500 (b) 2700
(c) 3000 (d) 3100

Q: 2 If the numerator of a fraction be increased by 15% and

its denominator be diminished by 8%, the value of
the fraction is 15 . Find the original fraction.
16

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

4 5 6 7
Q: 3 In an examination, 5% of the applicants were found
ineligible and 85% of the eligible candidates belonged
to the general category. If 4275 eligible candidates
belonged to other categories, then how many candidates
applied for examination?
(a) 30000 (b) 35000
(c) 37000 (d) None of these

Q: 4 The value of machine depreciates at the rate of 10%

every year. It was purchased 3 years ago. If Its present
value is Rs.8748, its purchase price was?
(a)Rs 10000 (b)Rs 11372 (c)Rs 12000 (d) Rs 12500
Q: 5 The present population of a country estimated to be 10
crores is expected to increase to 13.31 crores during the
next three years. The uniform rate of growth is:
(a) 8% (b)10% (c)12.7% (d)15%

Q: 6 A man buys two cycles for a total cost of Rs 900. By

selling one for 4/5 of its cost and other for 5/4 of it, he
makes profit of Rs 90 on the whole transaction. Find
the cost price of lower priced cycle.
(a) Rs. 360 (b) Rs. 250
(c) Rs. 300 (d) Rs. 420
Q: 7 A man purchased sugar worth Rs. 400. He sold
3/4th at a loss of 10% and remainder at a gain of 10%
on the whole, he gets :
1
(a) a loss of 5% (b) a gain of 5 2 %
1 5
(c) a loss of 519 % (d) a loss of 519 %

Q: 8 The difference between cost price & sale price of

an article is 240. If the profit is 20%,the selling price
is :
(a) Rs. 1240 (b) Rs. 1400
(c) Rs. 1400 (d) None of these
 1
Q: 9 A shopkeeper sells an article at a loss of 12 2 %.
Had he sold it for Rs. 51.80 more, he would have
earned a profit of 6%. The cost price of the article is:
(a) Rs. 280 (b) Rs. 300
(c) Rs. 380 (d) Rs. 400

Q: 10 By selling a cap for Rs 34.40, a man gains 7.5%.

what will be the CP of the cap?
(a) Rs. 32.80 (b) Rs. 32
(c) Rs. 32.40 (d) Rs. 28.80
Q:11 A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3 : 2. If 5%
of the total profit goes to charity and A's share is Rs.
855, the total profit is:
(a) Rs. 1425 (b) Rs. 1500
(c) Rs. 1537.50 (d) Rs. 1576

Q: 12 A, B, C subscribe Rs. 50,000 for a business. A

subscribes Rs. 4000 more than B and B Rs. 5000
more than C. Out of a total profit of Rs. 35,000, A
receives:
(a) Rs. 8400 (b) Rs. 11,900
(c) Rs. 13,600 (d) Rs. 14,700
Q:13 Simran started a software business by investing
Rs. 50,000. After six months, Nanda joined her with
a capital of Rs. 80,000. After 3 years, they earned a
profit of Rs. 24,500. What was Simran's share in the
profit?
(a) Rs. 9,423 (b) Rs. 10,250
(c) Rs. 12,500 (d) Rs. 10,500

Q: 14 A began a business with Rs. 85,000. He was joined

afterwards by B with Rs. 42,500. For how much
period does B join, if the profits at the end of the
year are divided in the ratio of 3 : 1?
(a)6 months (b)7 months (c)8 months (d)9 months
Q:15 A and B entered into partnership with capitals in the
1
ratio 4 : 5. After 3 months, A withdrew 4 of his capital
1
and B withdrew 5 of his capital. The gain at the end of
10 months was Rs. 760. A's share in this profit is:
(a) Rs. 330 (b) Rs. 360
(c) Rs. 380 (d) Rs. 430
(1) b (2) a (3) a (4) c (5) b

(6) c (7) a (8) d (9) a (10) b

(11) b (12) d (13) d (14) c (15) a

manit.choudhary91@gmail.com
 Quantitative Techniques
(Aptitude)
Paper - 3

Er. Manit Choudhary

B.Tech Mechanical Engineering (2008-12)
M.E. Thermal Engineering (2013-15)
Q: 1 If Log(P)=(1/2)Log(Q)=(1/3)Log(R),then which of the
following options is TRUE?
(a) P = Q R (b) Q = PR
(c) Q = R P (d) R = P Q

Q: 2 If (1.001) =3.52 and (1.001) = 7.85 then

(1.001) =
(a) 2.23 (b)4.33 (c)11.37 (d)27.64

Q: 3 A sphere of radius 4 cm is carved from a homogeneous

sphere of radius 8 cm and mass 160 g. The mass of the
smaller sphere is?
(a) 50 gm (b) 40 gm (c) 30 gm (d) 20 gm
Q: 4 There are two candidates P & Q in an election. During
the campaign 40% of the voters promised to vote for P
and rest for Q. However, on the day of election 15%
of the voters went back on their promise to vote for P
and instead voted for Q. 25% of the voters went back
on their promise to vote for Q and instead voted for P.
suppose, P lost by 2 votes, then what was the total no.
of voters:
(a) 100 (b) 110
(c) 90 (d) 95
Q: 5 A political party orders an arch for the entrance to the
ground in which the annual conventions is being held.
The profile of the arch follows the equation y = 2x – 0.01
where y is the height of the arch in meters. The maximum
possible height of the arch is
(a) 8 meters (b) 10 meters
(c) 12 meters (d) 14 meters

Q: 6 A person buys a shirt with marked price Rs.300/- at 20%

discount. In order to make a profit of 20% the person should
sell the shirt for
(a) Rs.288/- (b) Rs.300/-
(c) Rs.240/- (d) Rs.360/-
Q: 7 There are 20 poles with a constant distance between each
pole. A car takes 24 second to reach the 12th pole. How
much will it take to reach the last pole.
(a) 41.45 seconds (b) 40.45 seconds
(c) 42.45 seconds (d) 41.00 seconds

Q: 8 A sum of Rs. 427 is to be divided among A, B and C in such a

way that 3 times A’s share, 4 times B’s share and 7 times C’s
share are all equal. The share of C is
(a) Rs.84 (b) Rs.76
(c) Rs.98 (d) Rs.34

Q: 9 A can have a piece of work done in 8 days, B can work three

times faster than the A, C can work five times faster than A.
How many days will they take to do the work together?
(a) 3 days (b) 8/9 days
(c) 4 days (d) none of the above
Q: 10 A man sells two buffaloes for Rs. 7,820 each. On one
he gains 15% and on the other, he loses 15%. His total
gain or loss in the transaction is
(a) 2.5% gain (b) 2.25% loss
(c) 2% loss (d) 5% loss

Q: 11 The sum of 5 successive odd numbers is 1075. What is

the largest of these numbers?
(a) 215 (b) 223 (c) 219 (d) 217

Q: 12 A is twice as good a workman as B and together they finish a

piece of work in 18 days. In how many days will A alone
finish the work??
(a) 27 days (b) 30 days (c) 32 days (d) none
Q: 13 5 skilled workers can build a wall in 20 days; 8 semi-skilled
workers can build a wall in 25 days; 10 unskilled workers can
build a wall in 30 days. If a team has 2 skilled, 6 semi-skilled
and 5 unskilled workers, how long will it take to build the
wall?
(a) 10 days (b) 12 days (c) 13 days (d) 15 days

Q: 14 To 15 lts of water containing 20% alcohol, we add 5 lts of

pure water. What is % alcohol.
(a) 20% (b) 34% (c) 15% (d) 14%

Q: 15 If 137 + 276 = 435 how much is 731 + 672?

(a) 534 (b) 1403 (c) 1623 (d) 1513
Q: 16 Find unit digit of 133 63 4 49
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

Q: 17 If the numerator of a fraction be increased by 15% and

its denominator be diminished by 8%, the value of
the fraction is 15 . Find the original fraction.
16

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

4 5 6 7
Q: 20 At what time between 3 & 4 o’clock the minute and hour
hand will coincide?
(a) 3:15 (b) 3:16 (c) 3:16 (d) 3:17
Q: 21 The population of a town was 1,60,000 three years ago. If
it increased by 3%, 2.5% and 5% respectively in the last
three years, then the present population of the town is :
(a) 1,77,000 (b) 1,77,366
(c) 1,77,461 (d) 1,77,596

Q: 22 A and B can do a piece of work in 45days and 40days

respectively. They began to do the work together but
A leaves after some days and then B completed the
remaining work in 23 days. The number of days after
which A left the work was?
(a) 9 days (b) 12 days
(c) 15 days (d) 17 days
Q: 23 A container originally contains 10 litres of pure spirit.
From this container 1 litre of spirit is replaced with
1 litre of water. Subsequently, 1 litre of mixture is
again replaced with1 litre of water and this process is
repeated one more time. How much spirit is now left
in the container?

(a) 7.58 litre (b) 7.84 litre

(c) 7 litre (d) 7.29 litre
Q: 24 At what time between 11 & 12 o’clock the minute
and hour hand will coincide?
(a) 11:56 (b) 11:55 (c) 12 (d) None

Q: 25 A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 3080 in 3 years

and Rs. 3400 in 5 years at S.I. what is the sum?
(a) Rs.2600 (b) Rs.3600
(c) Rs.4600 (d) Rs.3400
Q:26 At what time from 11 & 12 o’clock the minute
and hour hand will coincide?
(a) 11:56 (b) 11:55 (c) 12 (d) None

Q:27 A and B entered into partnership with capitals in the

ratio 4 : 5. After 3 months, A withdrew of his capital
and B withdrew of his capital. The gain at the end of
10 months was Rs. 760. A's share in this profit is:
(a) Rs. 330 (b) Rs. 360
(c) Rs. 380 (d) Rs. 430
(1) b (2) d (3) d (4) a (5) b
(6) a (7) a (8) a (9) b (10) b
(11) c (12) a (13) d (14) c (15) c
(16) d (17) a (18) c (19) c (20) b
(21) b (22) a (23) d (24) d (25) a
(26) C (27) a
manit.choudhary@jietjodhpur.com
 Quantitative Techniques
(Aptitude)

Er. Manit Choudhary

B.Tech Mechanical Engineering (2008-12)
M.E. Thermal Engineering (2013-15)
What is Aptitude?
 An aptitude is a component of a competency
to do a certain kind of work at a certain level,
which can also be considered "talent".
Aptitudes may be physical or mental.
 Aptitudes are natural talents, special abilities
for doing, or learning to do, certain kinds of
things easily and quickly.
Aptitude Includes:
 Vedic Mathematics
 Number Systems
 Permutation and Combination
 Partnership
 Percentage and Average
 Problem based on ages
 Profit and Loss
 Simple and Compound Interest
 Allegation
 Time, work and Wages
 Pipes and Cisterns
 Time and Distance
 Problem on Train, Boats and Streams
 Data Sufficiency and Data Analysis
 Probability
 Calendar and Clock
 Number Series
 Verbal, Non-verbal, Logical and Analytical
Reasoning
Trains Shortcut Methods
Points To Remember
 Time taken by a train of length of L meters to pass a stationary pole
is equal to the time taken by train to cover L meters.
 Time taken by a train of length of L meters to pass a stationary
object of length P meters is equal to the time taken by train to cover
(L + P) meters.
 If two trains are moving in same direction and their speeds are x
km/h and y km/h (x > y) then their relative speed is (x – y) km/h.
 If two trains are moving in opposite direction and their speeds are x
km/h and y km/h then their relative speed is (x + y) km/h.

Unit Conversion
Some Shortcut Methods

Rule 1:
If two trains of p meters and q meters are moving in same direction
at the speed of x m/s and y m/s (x > y) respectively then time taken
by the faster train to overtake slower train is given by

Rule 2:
If two trains of p meters and q meters are moving in opposite
direction at the speed of x m/s and y m/s respectively then time
taken by trains to cross each other is given by
Percentage:-
 Percentage Increase/Decrease:
If the price of a commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in
consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is:
 R 
100  R  100 %
 
If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption
so as not to decrease the expenditure is:
 R 
100  R  100 %
 
 Results on Population:
Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of
R% per annum, then: n
 R 
1. Population after n years = P 1  
 100 
P
2. Population n years ago = n
 R 
1 
 100 
 Results on Depreciation:
Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it
depreciates at the rate of R% per annum. Then:
n
 R 
P 1 
1. Value of the machine after n years =  100 

P
2. Value of the machine n years ago =  R 
n

1 
 100 
Profit & Loss
IMPORTANT FACTS
 Cost Price:
The price, at which an article is purchased, is called its cost price,
abbreviated as C.P.
 Selling Price:
The price, at which an article is sold, is called its selling prices, abbreviated
as S.P.
 Profit or Gain:
If S.P. is greater than C.P., the seller is said to have a profit or gain.
 Loss:
If S.P. is less than C.P., the seller is said to have incurred a loss.
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
(a) Gain = (S.P.) - (C.P.)
(b) Loss = (C.P.) - (S.P.)
(c) Loss or gain is always reckoned on C.P.
(d) Gain Percentage: (Gain %)
 Gain 100 
Gain % =  
 C.P. 
(e) Loss Percentage: (Loss %)
 Loss  100 
Loss % =  
 C . P. 

(f) Selling Price: (S.P.)

 100  Gain%    100  Loss %  
SP =    C . P. OR    C . P.
 100    100  

(g) Cost Price: (C.P.)

 100    100  
CP =  100  Gain%   S . P. OR  100  Loss%   S . P.
     
Partnership:
When two or more than two persons run a business jointly, they are called
partners and the deal is known as partnership.
Ratio of Divisions of Gains:
 When investments of all the partners are for the same time, the gain or
loss is distributed among the partners in the ratio of their investments.
Suppose A and B invest Rs. x and Rs. y respectively for a year in a
business, then at the end of the year:
(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit) = x : y.

 When investments are for different time periods, then equivalent

capitals are calculated for a unit of time by taking (capital x number of
units of time). Now gain or loss is divided in the ratio of these capitals.
Suppose A invests Rs. x for p months and B invests Rs. y for q months
then,
(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit)= xp : yq.