Before we start (‚kq#vkr djus ls igys)

vkb,] bl dkslZ ds Concept pSIVlZ dks ‚kq# djus ls igys ge vkidks vaxzst+h Hkk’kk dh dqN NksVh&2 ckrksa
dh tkudkjh nsAa
Before we start concept chapters, we would like to let you know about a few basics of
English language.

vkils gekjk igyk iz‛u gS fd vaxzst+h esa fdrus Alphabet gksrs gSa \ gesa mEehn gS fd vkiesa ls dbZ dgsx
a s 26A ;g lgh
mŸkj ugha gSA lgh mŸkj gS & ,d (one). Alphabet rks dsoy ,d ‚kCn (word) gS ftldk eryc gksrk gS o.kZekykA
Alphabet ¼o.kZekyk½ rks ,d gh gS] 26 rks v{kj@o.kZ (letters) gksrs gSaA

Our first question to you is “How many alphabets are there in English?” Most of you would answer
“26”. Not really! The correct answer is 1. Why so???? You must wonder!! Alphabet is just a name
given to the group of all the Letters in a language; comprising vowels & consonants.

vaxzsth o.kZekyk esa dqy 26 v{kj@o.kZ gksrs gSa (There are 26 letters in English Alphabet) –

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
, ch lh Mh bZ ,sQ th ,p vkb ts ds ,sy ,se ,su vks
P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ih D;w vkj ,sl Vh ;w oh MCY;w ,sDl ok; t+SM

vaxzst+h o.kZekyk ds bu 26 o.kksZa dks nks izdkjksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS & Loj (vowel) o O;atu (consonant)
Vowels (Loj) : There are 5 vowels. ¼5 Loj gksrs gSa½ & a, e, i, o, u

Consonants (O;atu) : Rest 21 are consonants. ¼ckdh cps 21 O;atu dgykrs gSa½
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.

fgUnh o.kZekyk esa dqy 46 o.kZ gksrs gSa &

There are 46 letters in Hindi Alphabet –

fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu (Hindi‟s vowels and consonants)

Loj (Vowels)
v vk b à m Š, ,s vks vkS va v%
a aa e/i ee u/o oo/u e/ai ai o au/ou ang ah

O;atu (Consonants)
d [k x ?k ³ p N t ÷k ´ V B M < .k
ka kh ga gha nga cha chha ja jha yan ta tha da dha ana

r Fk n Ëk u i Q c Hk e ; j y o ‚k
th/t th/tha da/th dha na pa pha/fa ba bha ma ya ra la va/wa sh

‘k l g {k = K
sh sa ha ksh tra gya
vaxzst+h o.kZekyk ds bu 26 o.kksZa dks nks izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gS &
Upper Case (Capital Letters) cM+s o.kZ – A, B, C, D, E……… W, X, Y, Z.
Lower Case (Small Letters) NksVs o.kZ – a, b, c, d, e……… w, x, y, z.

vaxzst+h ds Loj vkSj O;atu ds lkFk lkFk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu dh tkudkjh gksuk Hkh csgn t+#jh gSA tc ge vkidks
Articles Chapter i<+k;saxs rks fcuk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu tkus vki dHkh lgh Article (A, An, The) dk iz;ksx
ugha dj ik;saxsA “The” dks “n” vkSj “nh” nksuksa rjhds ls cksyk tkrk gS ij dgk¡ “n” cksyuk gS vkSj dgk¡ “nh”, ;s Hkh vki
“Article” chapter esa i<+sxs ij fcuk fgUnh ds Loj o O;atu tkus ;s lEHko gh ugha gSA

You must know about vowels & consonants of Hindi Alphabet as well, because when we‟ll teach
you about “Articles” i.e. A, An, The; you would understand how significant it is to know about it.

Ë;ku nhft, (Please pay attention) &

fiNys ist esa geus crk;k fd “Å” dks “oo/u” fy[ksaxsA ij vxj vki ns[ksa rks ,d ‚kCn gS “cook”. ;gk¡ ij “oo” gS ij
bldk mPpkj.k “dwd” ugha cfYd “dqd” gSA ;kfu cM+h “Å” ugha cfYd NksVh “m” dk iz;ksx gqvkA blls ;s irk pyrk gS
fd gj ckj fl[kk;k x;k fu;e gh lgh ugha gksrk] dbZ viokn (exceptions) Hkh gksrs gSaA
blh rjg vkius ns[kk gksxk fd dgha ij ÞtÞ ds uhps ,d fcUnq yxk;k gksrk gS tSls ¼t+½
vkSj dgha ij ÞtÞ ds
uhps fcUnq ugha gksrkA nksuksa ds mPpkj.k esa cgqr T+;knk QdZ gksrk gS !
‚kCnksa ds mPpkj.k (Pronunciation) dks vki vkus okys Pronunciation pSIVj esa foLrkj (detail) ls i<+us okys gSaA

D;k vki tkurs gSa (Do you know?) &

Letters form a word. v{kjksa ls feydj 'kCn curk gSA

Words form a sentence. 'kCnksa ls feydj okD; curk gSA
Sentences form a paragraph. okD;ksa ls feydj iSjkxzkQ curk gSA

mnkgj.k & “Mojib is a good guy. He is my best friend. I love him a lot.”

Åij fn;s x;s iSjkxzkQ esa rhu okD; gSa & There are 3 sentences in above paragraph -
1) Mojib is a good guy. 2) He is my best friend. 3) I love him a lot.

15 ‚kCn vkSj 43 v{kj gSaA There are 15 words and 43 letters.

Mojib Good Is Friend Him

Is Guy My I A
A He Best Love lot