Eiaofmultan II Cetp R7ev3emipartii

Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental Management Services for MIE Phase I and II
6. Project Impacts and Mitigation
This section discusses the potential environmental and social impacts of the proposed
activities, predicts the magnitude of the impact, assesses significance, identifies
mitigation measures to minimize adverse impacts, and evaluates the residual impacts of
the project. The discussion starts with a description of the methodology used for the
impact assessment (see Section 6.1).
6.1 Impact Assessment Methodology

Once potential impacts have been identified, the assessment of each potential impact
follows these steps:
1. Definition of the Criteria for Determining Significance
2. The consequence of the proposed activity is evaluated by comparing it against a
recognized Significance Criteria. The criteria are of the following types:
a. Institutional recognition—laws, standards, government policies, or plans.
b. Technical recognition—guidelines, scientific or technical knowledge, or
judgment of recognized resource persons
c. Public recognition—social
d. local or cultural values or opinion of a segment of the public, especially the
community directly affected by the project
e. Professional interpretation of the evaluator
3. Prediction of the magnitude of the potential impacts
4. This step refers to the description, quantitatively (where possible) or qualitatively, of
the anticipated impacts of the proposed project. This may be achieved through the
use of models or comparison with other similar activities.
5. Identification of the mitigation measures
6. If it is determined that the predicted impact is significant when compared with the
Criteria for Determining Significance, suitable mitigation measures are identified.
There is a range of mitigation measures that can be applied to reduce impacts.
Broadly, these measures can be classified into following categories:
a. Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain proposed activity or
parts of an activity
b. Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the activity, for
example, minimizing dust emission by reducing vehicular traffic
c. Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected
environment
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

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d. Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or

environments.
7. Evaluation of the residual impact
8. Incorporation of the suggested mitigation measures reduces the adverse impact of
the project and brings it within the acceptable limit. This step refers to the
identification of the anticipated remaining impacts after mitigation measures have
been applied.
9. Identification of the monitoring requirements
10. The last step in the assessment process is the identification of the minimum
monitoring requirements. The scope and frequency of the monitoring depends on
the residual impacts. The purpose of monitoring is to confirm that the impact is
within the predicted limits and to provide timely information if unacceptable impact
is taking place.
6.2 Impacts Associated with Construction Activities

The environmental impacts associated with the construction activities of the proposed
project are discussed in this section. The impacts that are discussed are the following:
D Noise
D Dust
D Solid Waste
D Soil Contamination
D Water Use
D Site Drainage
6.2.1 Noise
Depending on the construction equipment used and its distance from the receptor, the
receptor may typically be exposed to intermittent and variable noise levels. During the
day such noise results in general annoyance, and can interfere with sleep during the night.
The following is a brief description of terminology used in this assessment:
1. Sound: A vibratory disturbance created by a vibrating object, which, when
transmitted by pressure waves through a medium such as air, is capable of being
detected by a receiving mechanism, such as the human ear or a microphone
2. Noise: Sound that is loud, unpleasant, unexpected, or otherwise undesirable
3. Decibel (dB). A unit less measure of sound on a logarithmic scale, which indicates
the squared ratio of sound pressure amplitude to a reference sound pressure
amplitude. The reference pressure is 20 micro-pascals
4. A-Weighted Decibel (dBA): An overall frequency-weighted sound level in decibels,
which approximates the frequency response of the human ear. The typical human
ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies of the audible sound spectrum. As a
consequence, when assessing potential noise impacts on people, an electronic filter

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is used that de-emphasizes certain frequencies in a manner corresponding to the

human ear’s decreased sensitivity to low and extremely high frequencies. All of the
noise levels reported in this section are A-weighted
5. Equivalent Sound Level (Leq): The equivalent steady state sound or vibration level,
which in a stated period of time, typically one hour, would contain the same
acoustical or vibration energy.
6. Maximum Sound Level (Lmax): The greatest A-weighted sound level, within a stated
time interval. When the noise consists of a small number of discrete events, Lmax is a
better indicator of the disturbance to sleep and other activities.
In general, human sound perception is such that a change in sound level of 3 dB is just
noticeable, a change of 5 dB is clearly noticeable, and a change of 10 dB is perceived as a
doubling or halving of sound level.
Potential Issues
Disturbance to surrounding communities due to construction machinery operation on the
project site.
Existing Conditions
There is no continuous major source of noise in the communities. Intermittent sources
include farm equipment and traffic. It is therefore concluded that the typical daytime
noise levels in the villages are below 60 dbA and typical nighttime noise levels are below
50 dBA.
Criteria for Determining Significance

The World Bank guidelines for noise (Exhibit 6.1) require that the sound level in
residential areas should not exceed 55 dBA during the day and 45 dBA during the night.9
An alternate criterion is the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines.10 The WHO
guidelines (Exhibit 6.2), in addition to specifying the energy-average sound level Leq,
also prescribe the maximum noise level (Lmax). The maximum noise level is important
when there are distinct events to the noise.
Impact Analysis
The potential sources of significant noise during the construction period include the
construction machinery and construction related traffic. Precise prediction of noise due
to construction activity at given location at a given time requires identification of
equipment that is operational at a given time, and the following information for each
equipment:
9
World Bank, UNIDO and UNEP. 1997. Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook, Towards Cleaner
Production. Environment Department, The World Bank; UNIDO; UNEP.
10
World Health Organization. 1999. Guidelines for Community Noise.

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1. The maximum and minimum noise levels, measured at a reference distance from the
equipment, during a work cycle
2. The fraction of it operates at maximum level during a work cycle
3. The usage factor, i.e., the number of hours during the day when the equipment is
operational.
4. The distance of the equipment from the receptor
5. Potential noise barriers and other topographic features that attenuate the sound.
The analysis presented in this section is based on the approach recommended by Federal
Highway Administration of the US Department of Transportation for assessment of
construction noise.11
Construction noise levels at the communities of the project area would fluctuate
depending on the type, number, distance from receptor, and duration of use of various
pieces of construction equipment. In this analysis, first the noise level due to each piece
of equipment, which is likely to be used in the construction of the project, is calculated.
The calculation is done for a distance of one km, i.e., the approximate distance from the
center of the construction site to the nearest community.
The peak noise levels of all main construction equipment are shown in Exhibit 6.3. The
list includes all equipment except vehicles and some minor pieces of equipment. Using
this data, the expected noise level, Leq(8-hr), is calculated. The list includes all equipment
except vehicles and some minor pieces of equipment. Using this data, the expected noise
level, Leq(8-hr), is calculated. The predicted noise levels are shown in Exhibit 6.4. It
shows that the highest equivalent noise level for an 8-hour shift due to a single piece of
equipment at a receptor one km from the source will be about 51 dBA. This is under no-
mitigation conditions and assuming no attenuation.
When more than one pieces of equipment are working simultaneously, the noise level at
the receptor will increase. The predicted noise levels under three different scenarios, and
assuming no attenuation or mitigation, are shown in Exhibit 6.5. The attenuation due to
boundary wall and other topographic factors could be between 3 and 5 dBA. Similarly,
about 3-5 dBA can be reduced by installation of noise reducing devices on noise sources.
Thus the effective noise levels at the receptor when the construction work is carried out at
a distance of 500 m from the receptor could be in the range of about 41-45 dBA. The
expected noise levels will thus meet the WHO and World Bank guidelines for daytime
and nighttime noise levels.
Vehicular traffic associated with project construction is expected to generate 60 to
70 dBA of noise. The construction traffic will move from the Shershah Bypass via link
road N-70 to the project site. The vehicular traffic is not likely to create any noise
disturbance for the residents of the project area during the day or at night in view of the
distance of about 1 km to these localities.
11
Reagan, J. A. and C. A. Grant. Highway Construction Noise: Measurement, Prediction, and Mitigation.
Special Report. US. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Available from
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/highway/index.htm

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Mitigation
The following mitigation measures will be adopted as good construction and operation
practices to ensure the noise impact caused by project activities remains insignificant:
1. Noise survey of all construction equipment will be conducted prior to their
deployment. Equipment emitting excessive noise in comparison with other similar
equipment will not be allowed to operate
2. A brick wall, or other means of noise abatement, will be constructed around the
standby diesel generator to attenuate the noise
3. A boundary wall surrounding the project site will be constructed before any other
construction activity is started on the proposed site
4. Construction equipment under use will be properly maintained, tuned, and provided
with mufflers to minimize noise levels
5. Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 15 km/h on the access road to
the project site
6. Horn-blowing will be prohibited
7. Periodic noise measurements of equipment will be undertaken to monitor noise
levels and take corrective measures, if needed.
Residual Risk and Monitoring Requirements

There is no residual risk of a negative noise impact if the mitigation measures are carried
out. One-off monitoring will be undertaken to measure noise levels at the communities
during the construction phase to ensure that the noise levels remain within the predicted
values listed in Exhibit 6.4.
6.2.2 Dust
Dust generated during construction activities can be substantial, and is a concern
particularly if the site is near residential areas. Dust or the equivalent technical term
‘particulate matter,’ is generally defined as any airborne finely divided solid or liquid
material up to the size of about 100 microns (micrometers or one-millionth of a meter).
The main health hazard arises from particles smaller than 10 microns (designated as
‘PM10’) as they are respirable. Larger particles tend to settle more rapidly and often do
not reach receptors. In cases where they reach the receptors, the dust is considered a
nuisance as it may soil property and affect visibility.
Potential Issues
Potential sources of particulate matter emission during construction activities include
earthworks (dirt or debris pushing and grading), exposed surfaces, exposed storage piles,
truck dumping, hauling, vehicle movement on unpaved roads, combustion of fuel in
equipment and vehicles, and concrete mixing and batching. These activities could have a
negative impact on the communities of the project area, the standing crops in the vicinity
of the site, and construction workers on site.

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Existing Conditions
The existing ambient air quality has been discussed in detail in Section 4.3.3.

For the construction activity at the project site, a significant effect on the environment
will be interpreted if the dust concentration exceeds the United States Environmental
Protection Agency’s (USEPA) guideline values for PM10 at 1 km from the center of the
site, or if independent visual monitoring of dust emissions establishes harmful effects on
other receptors, or if there is an increase in visible dust such that it results in complaints
from the community.
Impact Analysis
The nearest settlements are about 500 m from the proposed project site, and so dust is
expected to be an issue; construction workers can also be negatively impacted by
excessive dust emissions. As the project access road is metalled, therefore project related
traffic is not expected to generate a significant amount of dust.
The quantity of dust that will be generated on a particular day will depend on the
magnitude and nature of activity and the atmospheric conditions prevailing on the day.
Due to the uncertainty in values of these parameters, it is not possible to calculate the
quantity from a ‘bottom-up’ approach, that is, from adding PM10 emission from every
activity on the construction site separately.
The impact on the ambient air quality due to PM10 emission is assessed using the
USEPA’s SCREEN3 dispersion model. The construction site is considered as an area
source of emission. The input parameters and the results of the analysis are shown in
Exhibit 6.6. If no controls are imposed, the increase in concentration of PM10 in the
community could be 334 µg/m3 and may even be as high as 1,271 µg/m3. Consequently,
the community would be exposed to pollutant levels in excess of the guideline values of
150 µg/m3.
A wide variety of options exist to control emissions from construction sites. The most
effective means of reducing the dust emission is wet suppression. Watering exposed
surfaces and soil with adequate frequency to keep soil moist at all times can reduce the
total dust emission from the project by as much as 75%.12 Specific measures that can be
employed for the proposed project construction are discussed in the following section.
Mitigation
The following measures will be applied to manage dust emissions:
1. The access road will be sprinkled with water until such time it is paved.
2. Any conveyers for dry material will be fully covered and protected from wind.
12
El Dorado County Air Pollution Control District. 2002. Guide to Air Quality Assessment: Determining
Significance of Air Quality Impacts Under the California Environmental Quality Act. First Edition.
http://co.el-dorado.ca.us/emd/apcd

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3. Appropriate control technologies will be employed to minimize dust emission from

concrete batching plant and the asphalt plant. These technologies include water
sprays, enclosures, hoods, curtains, shrouds, movable and telescoping chutes, and
fabric filters.13
4. Stockpiles will be kept damp, or covered with tarpaulin or other suitable material, or
protected by a windshield.
5. The height and slope of the stockpiles will be limited to reduce wind entrainment.
For example, a flat shallow stockpile will be subject to less wind turbulence than one
with a tall conical shape.
6. A speed limit of 15 km/h will be applicable on unsealed roads.
7. Loads will be covered with tarpaulins to prevent dust re-entrainment from trucks.
8. Aggregate material will be delivered to the batching plant in a damp condition and
water sprays will be applied, if needed, to reduce dust emissions.

The mitigation measures listed above will result in reduction of dust emissions from the
construction operations to acceptable levels. There is, however, a possibility that there
will still be some minor dust emissions arising out of construction activities. In view of
the residual risk, dust will be visually monitored, and any community complaints
regarding dust will be recorded and addressed.
6.2.3 Waste Management

The construction phase of the project is expected to generate construction waste; packing
waste; scrap waste and excess materials waste. Besides being an eyesore, the waste can
also pose a health hazard if disposed off improperly.
Potential Issues
With a weak regulatory regime for waste management, there is a risk that unless internal
control measures are employed the construction waste from project will not be disposed
off properly. Depending on the type of waste, this may impact the general aesthetic
quality of the project area, affect the water resources, block sewer lines and drains, hinder
traffic, and become a direct health hazard.
Existing Conditions
There is an absence of a good solid waste management system in all the cities of
Pakistan. Not only is an efficient solid waste management system aesthetically essential,
as solid waste rapidly putrefies in tropical climates, creating noxious smells, giving rise
to polluting leachates, providing breeding areas for countless flies and, in the wet season,
mosquitoes. More importantly, solid waste also blocks drains (solid waste is dumped in
13
USEPA. 1996. Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42, Fifth Edition, Volume I: Stationary
Point and Area Sources. Section 11.01 Hot Mix Plants and Section 11.12 Concrete Batching.
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42

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drains where proper solid waste management systems break down), which cause local
flooding and is an environmental health risk.

There are no national regulations on solid waste management. The Pakistan National
Conservation Strategy (see Section 2.2) under its program of urban waste management
sets out reuse and recycling of solid waste as one of the policy objects and targets to
achieve 100% solid waste management. Professional interpretation of this policy
objective is that the project will have a significant effect on the environment if:
D Any person is exposed to potentially hazardous waste generated by the project
during construction or operation
D Project generates any waste that can be avoided through practicable means (waste
minimization)
D Reusable waste generated by the project is discarded
D Recyclable waste instead of separation at the source is dumped at the trash bins
D Any waste generated by the project is scattered at any place outside the
designated bins
D Non-recyclable and non-reusable, non-hazardous waste ends up at any place other
than the designated landfill site.
PEPA, 1997 imposes a requirement for license for handling of hazardous waste. The
regulations to support this requirement are under development. These regulations, once
developed, will provide the legal definition of hazardous material and hazardous waste,
and lay down the handling, storage, transportation, and disposal requirements that must
be met for the issuance of license by the environmental protection agency.
Impact Analysis
The potential sources of waste from construction activity include, but are not necessarily
limited to vegetation (brush and trees removed from the site), cardboard and paper
(packaging, office waste, cement bags), wood (lumber, planer waste and scrap, packaging
crates), masonry, ceramics, excess construction material (aggregate, brick), metal (scrap,
containers, workshop waste, galvanized iron wires, steel bars), plastics (containers, bags,
sheeting), styrofoam (containers, roofing), glass (electric lights, packaging, window pane
waste), excess soil and sand, organic waste (kitchen waste), waste oil and grease,
chemicals and paints, batteries (lead batteries, dry cells, rechargeable cells), cotton (oily
rags, cleaning cloths, bags), contaminated soil, electric cables, and clinic waste.
The environmental impact of poor waste management can be categorized into two
groups, the impact due to poor waste disposal practices, and the stress on natural
resources due to excessive waste generation. The impact caused by poor waste disposal
practices includes:

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D Exposure of waste collectors and municipal administration to potentially

hazardous waste if hazardous waste is mixed with other municipal waste. The
waste collectors and municipal administration staff handle the hazardous waste
without proper personal protection equipment
D Pollution of water resources, contamination of soil, and generation of hazardous
fumes from uncontrolled disposal of hazardous waste
D Nuisances such as odors, flies, mosquitoes, and rats
D Health issues due to provision of breeding ground for disease vectors
D Effects on the aesthetic quality of area due to scattered trash
D Blockage and consequent overflow of drains and sewers due to dumping of solid
waste in them.
Excessive waste generation results in stress on natural resources. Any production process
requires fuel, electricity, land, water, chemicals and other mineral and agricultural
products. Stress on these resources can be minimized, if production of unnecessary
goods is avoided. This can be achieved by maximizing recycling and reuse of material;
and promoting products and practices that involve minimum use of natural resources.
Environmentally sound disposal of solid waste requires development of proper landfill
sites that also requires natural resources particularly land. Minimizing the quantity of
waste reduces the demand for land as well.
The impact of disposal of the waste from the project will depend on the quantity of the
waste, the nature of the waste, where it is disposed and the receptors in the surrounding.
As it is desirable to prevent any significant impact, waste management plan would be
developed for the construction phase of the project. The plan, if developed and
implemented properly, will be the main tool against avoiding any significant adverse
impact of waste disposal.
Mitigation
Specific mitigation measures in the plan will include:
1. Recyclable material will be separated at source. Separate bins will be placed at the
construction site for different type of materials—plastic, paper, metal, glass, wood,
and cotton. The recyclable waste will be sold to waste contractors.
2. Record of all waste generated during the construction period will be maintained.
Quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or reused will be logged.
3. Construction wastes will be prevented from draining into the Upper Chenab Canal
and drains that flow close to the project site
4. Waste bins for the construction waste will be constructed inside the project
boundary. All waste material that cannot be recycled or reused will be disposed off
either in an on-site landfill; or at a municipal landfill once it is developed; or, at the
municipal dump if no landfill is available; or, if combustible, will be incinerated at
on-site burn pit or at municipal burn pit

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5. In procurement of supplies for the project, the size and nature of packaging will also
be considered. Items with less packaging will be given additional score while
evaluating bids
6. Wherever possible, the packaging will be returned to the manufacturers for reuse
7. All hazardous waste will be separated from other wastes. Depending on the nature
and quantity of the hazardous waste, it will either be given to licensed contractors, or
will be incinerated at incineration facilities equipped to handle hazardous waste, or
will be disposed off at the proposed HWHF located adjacent to the CETP and to be
constructed as an integral part of the project.

With the proper implementation of an appropriate waste disposal plan and other
mitigation measures, the residual risk will reduce to acceptable levels.
Waste monitoring will comprise of maintaining a record of all waste that is generated by
the project. Separate inventory by type of material (plastic, paper, wood, etc.), by source
(packaging, office, demolition, etc.), and disposal method (incinerated, sold to waste
dealer, sent to land fill) will be maintained. Periodic audit will be undertaken at the
disposal or treatment sites and recycling facilities, to ensue that the waste after leaving
the project premises is still being managed in an environment friendly manner.
6.2.4 General Environmental Guidelines for Construction

The main environmental aspects of the proposed project construction have been
discussed above. In addition to these, the following good environmental management
practices will be implemented during the construction phase:
1. Spill and leakage control: Spills during refueling, discharges during vehicle and
equipment maintenance, and leakages from equipment and vehicles often result in
contamination of soil at the construction site. Following control measures are
proposed to mitigate the impact:
a. Spill prevention trays will be provided at refueling locations
b. On-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment will be avoided
as far as possible. In case on-site maintenance is unavoidable, tarpaulin or
other impermeable material will be spread on the ground to prevent
contamination of soil
c. Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in construction
vehicles and equipment
2. Water use: Uncontrolled use of water often results in wastages and puts stress on the
natural resource. To prevent this:
a. A water conservation program will be initiated (see Section 8.2.2)
b. The possibility of using water from the Upper Chenab Canal for sprinkling on
site and access track to mitigate dust will be explored

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3. Site drainage: Run-off from the site, particularly during rain can carry silt and
sediment and pollute the surrounding agricultural fields. Following measures will be
undertaken to prevent this:
a. Through contouring and installation of embankments, where necessary, it will
be ensured that storm water from the surrounding areas does not enter the
construction site
b. The run-off from the site will pass through sediment traps and screens before
discharge.
6.3 Impacts Associated with Operation Phase

The environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with the operation phase of the
CETP are discussed in this section. The impacts that are discussed are the following:
D Odor
D Sludge Handling and Disposal
D Accidental release of untreated or partially treated effluent
D Water Use
D Solid Waste
6.3.1 Odor
Odor is associated with almost every waste treatment facility. Odor associated with
release of H2S from the equalization and aeration tanks in the project will be of particular
concern. The communities in the project area will be affected, as they are located less
than 1 km from the proposed site. The project could also be a source of offensive odor to
the people working in the MIE. Odor from the sludge disposed off at the HWHF is not
expected to be of concern as the operating procedures proposed for the HWHF include a
daily cover for the sludge to manage odor and fugitive dust emissions.
Existing Conditions
Disposal of effluent in the open drains is presently creating a nuisance within and around
the MIE area. In case the project is not established, the odor from untreated waste will
continue to be of concern if the individual industrial units in the MIE do not set up
effluent treatment facilities. If the industries in the MIE do set up effluent treatment
plants, then the odor from the effluent treatment plants will be of concern.
There is no formal study on existing sources of odor (background conditions) and their
intensity at various locations in project surroundings. The industries in the MIE, itself
will be the main sources of odor in the area. The intensity of the odor will vary
significantly depending on the location of the receptors with respect to the expected
sources of odor and the wind conditions.

No national standard for odor has been established. Quantitative standards have been
established by various environmental protection agencies in the world, however, due to

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lack of in-country measurement facilities in Pakistan and quantitative baseline data, these
standards cannot be applied to Pakistan. In the absence of any quantitative standard, the
lack of complaints from the community and people working in the area is considered as
the basic criteria. However, this criterion can be applied only after the commissioning of
the plant. At the design stage, every reasonable effort to minimize the emission of odor
should be taken.
Impact Analysis
While the project will reduce the overall level of odor in the project area, treatment of the
wastewater and disposal of the sludge in the adjacent HWHF will be a potential source of
offensive odor. A quantitative assessment of the exposure requires a) the odor emission
rate in terms of odor units per unit volume of the wastewater to be treated by the project,
for each stage of the treatment process (i.e., raw wastewater, clarified water, sludge etc.);
b) a suitable air dispersion model; and, c) the climatic conditions. At this stage, no
information is available on the odor emission rate associated with the wastewater
treatment process. Secondly, the quantitative significance criterion is not completely
objective. It requires subjective determination of the minimum concentration of odor
source in the wastewater that is detectable by human nose.
Odor from the sludge disposed of at the HWHF is not expected to be of concern as the
operating procedures proposed for the HWHF include a daily cover for the sludge to
manage odor and fugitive dust emissions and the composition of the influent and effluent
does not contain too many odor producing agents such as sulfides.
Mitigation
Odor from the sludge disposed of at the HWHF is not expected to be of concern as the
operating procedures proposed for the HWHF include a daily cover for the sludge to
manage odor and fugitive dust emissions and the composition of the influent and effluent
does not contain too many odor producing agents such as sulfides.
Residual Impact and Monitoring Requirements

Due to the uncertainty involved in quantitatively predicting the extent of odor, an
inherent risk exists that the odor from the project will be offensive to the people of
project area. A monitoring plan will be put in place for monitoring of odor when the
project starts its operations and appropriate odor suppressant technology, if needed, will
be employed.
6.3.2 Sludge Handling and Disposal

An estimated 45 m3/day of sludge cake will be produced at the first phase of CETP. The
sludge produced in the CETP requires careful handling and disposal to prevent any
human exposure, and if not stored properly could leach out and contaminate the
groundwater resources of the area.
Existing Conditions
Environmentally sound management of hazardous waste requires physical facilities and
regulatory regime. Both are currently almost non-existent in Pakistan. PEPA, 1997

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imposes a requirement for license for handling of hazardous waste. The regulations to
support this requirement are under development. These regulations, once developed, will
provide the legal definition of hazardous material and hazardous waste, and lay down the
handling, storage, transportation, and disposal requirements that must be met for the
issuance of license by the environmental protection agency. There are currently no
disposal or handling facilities for hazardous waste. There are a few incinerators installed
in the country that mostly cater for hospital waste. Two incinerators, one each in Lahore
and Karachi, do accept certain types of industrial hazardous waste. However, their
capacity is not sufficient to handle the project waste. Furthermore, there are no transport
companies that have the necessary equipment to transport hazardous waste.

In the absence of any regulatory regime, potential human exposure to hazardous waste is
considered as the key criteria. A significant impact will be considered, if a situation is
created in which humans can be directly or indirectly exposed to the hazardous waste.
The exposure could be through air (for example, dried sludge cake lying open), water (for
example, seepage from the sludge to the groundwater), or accidental (for example, sludge
trolley toppling over).
Impact Analysis
The sludge produced by the CETP will contain heavy metals as well and can be a health
hazard to employees of the project and to the community. To ensure protection of
humans from exposure, the management of sludge, i.e., handling and storage at CETP,
transfer to disposal facility, transportation, and disposal should be undertaken in such a
manner that no discharge of hazardous material, takes place through leaching, effluent
discharge, or dust emission.
A permanent HWHF is planned as part of the CETP. On-site disposal of sludge at CETP
will not be allowed. The sludge will be disposed off only at the HWHF located adjacent
to the CETP included in the design of the project. Before the sludge is transferred to the
HWHF, it will be temporarily stored at the CETP sludge handling facility. As the
regulatory regime for this purpose does not exist, an environmental risk exists unless an
effective sludge management system is evolved. Mitigation measures are proposed
below for protection of the project staff and the community.
Mitigation
To minimize any hazard to the employees of the project and environment, the sludge will
be handled in the following manner:
1. The sludge will be stored in a secure area accessible only to relevant persons
2. The operators of the sludge handling facility and HWHF will be provided with
appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
3. Daily record of sludge generated at the CETP will be maintained by the operating
company

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4. The sludge will be stored in RCC pit. Similarly, RCC pads will be provided at all
locations where sludge is handled or transferred for transportation. The run-off from
the pads will be discharged back to the treatment tanks.
5. All storage areas, pits, and tanks, containing hazardous material will clearly display
the words “Hazardous Material”
6. The CETP operating company will maintain daily record of sludge generated at the
CETP.
A contingency plan and emergency procedures will be developed and implemented to
minimize hazards to human health or the environment from fires, explosions, and
accidental or unplanned release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to
soil or surface water.

Stringent mitigation measures are proposed to prevent any exposure of the community or
the environment to the hazardous waste. Failure to implement the measure is the main
risk that will be mitigated through monitoring and audits. Samples from the monitoring
wells included in the design of the HWHF will be collected and to check for any failure
in the sealing system, and to detect contamination of the groundwater.
6.3.3 Accidental Release of Untreated or Partially Treated Effluent
Potential Issues
An accidental release, leakage or spill resulting in discharge of untreated or partially
treated effluent from the project could affect human health and ecological resources
downstream of the project.
Impact Analysis
The major accidental risk from the project includes:
D Mechanical or process failure resulting in shutting down of project for extended
period
D Structural failure due to earthquake
D Structural failure due to poor construction or foundation failure.
The proposed project will reduce the discharge of contaminated water to the Chenab
River and thus is expected to bring improvement in the environmental conditions. The
design of the project incorporates a residence time of about twelve hours, and parallel
systems are available for all the major items of equipment such as the aeration tanks,
clarifiers, and pumps. The likelihood of release of untreated effluent on account of
mechanical or process failure is minimal. In case of a structural failure, the
environmental component that will be affected is the Chenab River. Any failure at the
project, leading to discharge of untreated wastewater to the Chenab River can reverse the
improvement in environment that might have been achieved by then. The extent of
damage will depend on the nature of accident; the quantity and quality of untreated waste

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-14
that is discharged to the Chenab River as a result of the accident; and the improvement
that has taken place in the environment at the time of the accident due to the project.
Mitigation
The accidental impacts have been mitigated through incorporating features in the design
and through better construction management:
1. The structural design of the project will take into account the seismic risk of Multan
(see Section 4.3.2).
2. To ensure structural integrity of the tanks and other components, an inspection and
supervision plan will be developed during construction phase and implemented
during operations (see Section 8).

A quantitative assessment of the impact of failure of the project due to natural or
anthropogenic causes is not possible at this stage. The residual risk will be minimal,
given the moderate seismic history of Multan, standard well-tested construction
techniques that would be employed for construction. Regular monitoring will be
undertaken during operations to ensure structural integrity of the plant.
6.3.4 Water Use

The water requirements during the operations phase will be about 250 m3/d for plant
processes, washing and drinking, and sprinkling onto the access track. The project has
three options for obtaining water. The first is to take water, in exchange for payment,
from existing community wells or tube wells. The second is to take water from the
Shujaabad Branch Canal, and the third is to bore into the ground and extract water by a
pump. The area has sufficient water resources, in the form of canals and wells, for
irrigated agriculture and domestic and industrial purposes. The added need for water by
the project is thus not expected to affect the supply of water to other users in the area.
The option to be exercised will be determined at the design stage.
Use of fresh water during the operation of the project will be monitored, and water
conservation measures will be initiated in case the quantity of fresh water used
significantly exceeds the design levels.
6.3.5 Solid Waste

During operations, the project will not generate any significant amount of solid waste.
A waste management plan however, will be implemented for the small quantities that will
be generated.
6.4 Decomissioning Phase

The exact life of the project is not known at this stage. Nevertheless, if it is decided 30 or
so years from now to decommission the project for some other use, the potential impacts
associated with the decommissioning process will need to be addressed.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-15
These impacts are almost the same as the ones associated with construction activities, and
can be thought of as “deconstruction activities”. Issues related to noise, dust, soil and
water contamination, disturbance to communities, and risks of accidents will all need to
be assessed and mitigated. It is impossible to know the condition of the surrounding
environment 30 years from now; therefore the impact on receptors cannot be conjectured
at this time.
At the time of decommissioning, a decommissioning plan will be made to deal with the
management of the decommissioning process. The responsibility for this plan will
remain with the CETP company.
6.5 Socioeconomic Impacts

The existing socioeconomic conditions in the project area have been described in
Section 4.5. As no community land will be required for any part of the proposed project,
therefore no issue of compensation will be confronted. The potential social impacts of
the proposed project are the following:
D Social conflict as a result of influx of outsiders in the project area
D Public safety hazards posed by traffic and construction activities
6.5.1 Influx of Outsiders
Impact Analysis
The construction phase of the project will involve a large number of workers, and due to
the proximity of the site to a residential area this could result in friction between local
residents and construction workers. This issue could become particularly problematic if a
significant number of construction-related job opportunities are not given to people from
the local community. However, with the exception of the watchmen, the construction
workers will not be housed at the construction site. Most construction workers will
return to their homes after they have finished working.
Mitigation Measures
The following measures will be taken to address the potential impact described above:
1. The project will utilize the maximum number of local people possible as unskilled,
semi-skilled or skilled workers.
2. Construction workers will remain restricted to the site. They will not be allowed to
wander into villages in the vicinity of the proposed site.
3. All entry points into the construction area will be staffed 24 hours a day. People
who are not related to the project will not be allowed inside unless accompanied by
project personnel.
4. Residents of the area will be informed at least two weeks before project activities
commence.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-16
6.5.2 Public Safety During Construction
Impact Analysis
The construction work and related traffic will create hazards for the local population,
particularly children and livestock, if adequate safety measures are not taken.
Mitigation Measures
The following measures will be taken to address the potential impacts described above:
1. The entire project area will be fenced off before any construction work begins.
2. Entry into the construction site will be restricted. Any visitors will be accompanied
by project personnel at all times.
3. Project traffic will drive defensively at all times and follow traffic regulations.
6.6 Environmental Benefits

The CETP will treat 10.22 million cubic meters of effluent per year in the first phase and
will remove 5,213.3 tons per year of BOD510,504.4 tons per year of COD and
4,279.6 tons per year of TSS,14. Removal of these and other pollutants are summarized in
Section 3 of this EIA report.
6.6.1 Improvement in Water Quality

The improvement in water quality includes surface and ground water. These benefits will
be tangible in the long run, especially if additional treatment plants are set up to treat
domestic sewage as well greater industrial effluent treatment.
The improvement in fisheries stock and increase in land price due to a cleaner
environment can be used to value a part of the benefits. The decrease in human
morbidity and mortality because of cleaner water and land resources can also be valued
by using either the cost-of-illness or the willingness-to-pay approaches.
6.6.2 Odor
The cost of relocation can be used to partially estimate the benefit of a reduction in odor.
6.6.3 Employment
Total employment benefits will be worth about Rs 18.84 million annually, based on the
operating costs estimates done for the feasibility study for the proposed CETP.
6.6.4 Health
Construction of the CETP will have no impact on occupational health and safety
standards in industries, however it will significantly reduce the exposure of the general
public, both directly and indirectly, to hazardous chemicals used in the various processes
in the industries. There is no data available on the health costs associated with these
14
Calculated from Exhibit 3.5 by multiplying the volume of effluent treated and removal of BOD5, COD, and
TSS per day, by 365.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-17
processes, thus it is not possible to quantify the benefits from reduction in such costs due
to the CETP.
6.7 Overall Compliance of the project to the National Environmental

Quality Standards
The principal discharge from the proposed project will be the treated effluent, which will
be discharged to the main SCARP drain. The National Environmental Quality Standards
(NEQS), included in Appendix A, are applicable to this discharge.
A comparison with the NEQS (see Exhibit 3.5) shows that, of the four primary areas of
concern, the effluent from the project will comply with BOD5, COD, TSS, and TDS. It is
important to note here that the NEQS for other parameters will also be complied with;
specifically heavy metals will be leached out in the sludge. See Section 3 and
Appendix B for a detailed discussion on treatiblity and NEQS compliance.
Exhibit 6.1: World Bank Recommended Noise Levels
Specific Environment Maximum Allowable Log Equivalent

(Hourly Measurements, in dBA)
Day (7:00-22:00) Night (22:00-7:00)
Residential, institutional, educational 55 45
Industrial, commercial 70 70
Exhibit 6.2: WHO Guideline Values for Community Noise in Specific Environments
Specific Environment LAeq Averaging LAmax,

(dB) Time Fast
(hours) (dB)
Outdoor living area 55 16 –
Dwelling (indoors) 35 16
School classrooms (indoors) 35 During class
Hospital, ward rooms, nighttime (indoors) 30 8 40
Industrial, commercial, shopping and traffic 70 24 110
areas (indoors and outdoors)

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-18
Exhibit 6.3: Construction Equipment Noise Ranges (dBA)
Equipment Peak Noise Typical Peak Typical Construction Phase

Range at Sound Level ‘Quieted
15.2 m in a Work Equipment’ Earthworks Structures Installation
a
Cycle Sound
Levelb
Batching plant 82-86 84 81 Y
Concrete mixers 76-86 85 82 Y
Cranes 70-94 83 80 Y Y
Excavators 74-92 85 82 Y
Tractors and 77-94 88 85 Y Y Y
trolleys
Water bowsers 85-93 88 85 Y Y Y
Graders 72-92 85 82 Y
Bulldozers 65-95 80 75 Y
Paver 87-89 88 80 Y
Pumps 68-72 76 75 Y Y Y
Diesel generators 72-82 78 75 Y Y Y
Vibrators 68-82 76 75 Y Y
Drilling machines 82-98 90 87 Y Y
Compressors 74-84 81 71 Y
Dumpers 77-96 88 83 Y Y Y
Road rollers 73-77 75 72 Y
Sources:
Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and
Home Appliances. USEPA, 1971; http://www.waterrights.ca.gov/EIRD/text/Ch11-Noise.pdf;
http://www.lacsd.org/LWRP%202020%20Facilities%20Plan%20DEIR/4_6_Noise.pdf;
http://newyorkbiz.com/DSEIS/CH18Construction.pdf
Notes:
a. Where typical value is not cited in literature, mean of the peak noise range is assumed
b. Quieted equipment can be designed with enclosures, mufflers, or other noise-reducing features. Where
data is not available, a 3 dB reduction is assumed

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-19
Exhibit 6.4: Predicted Noise Level for Construction Equipment (dBA)
Equipment Equivalent Noise Level in an 8-hr Shift at

Receptor 250 m from Source
Batching plant 54
Concrete mixers 55
Cranes 50
Excavators 52
Tractors and trolleys 58
Water bowsers 58
Graders 52
Bulldozers 47
Paver 55
Pumps 46
Diesel generators 48
Vibrators 43
Drilling machines 57
Compressors 51
Dumpers 55
Road rollers 42
Exhibit 6.5: Noise Levels at Receptor under Various Activity Levels
Equipment Number of Equipment Employed

Earthworks Structural Installation
Batching plant 1
Concrete mixers 1
Cranes 1 1
Excavators 2
Tractors and trolleys 2 1 1
Water bowsers 1 1 1
Graders 1
Bulldozers 2
Paver 1
Pumps 1 1 1
Diesel generators 1 1 1
Compressors 1
Dumpers 2 1 1
Road rollers 2
Noise level at receptor 67 68 66

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-20
Exhibit 6.6: SCREEN3 Input Parameters and Results for

PM10 Emission during Construction
Input
Source type Area
2
Emission rate Worst Case 4.00f10-5 g/m -s
2
Typical 1.05f10-5 g/m -s
Source height 0.5 m
Length of Larger side 400 m
Length of smaller side 250 m
Receptor height 1.6 m
Urban/Rural option Rural
Output
Maximum 1-hour concentration Worst Case 3,177 µg/m3
Typical 834 µg/m3
Distance to the maximum from center of site 252 m
24-hour average Worst Case 1,271 µg/m3
Typical 334 µg/m3

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 6-21
7. Economic Evaluation of Project Impacts
This section presents the economic evaluation of the proposed CETP project .It describes
the total project cost during the construction and operation phase as well as the
environmental costs associated with the environmental risks.
7.1 Project Cost

The total capital cost of the project is estimated at Rs 1,109 million with the following
breakdown:
D CETP at Rs 1,035.8 million
D HWHF at Rs 73.2 million
Detailed summary of the breakdown is shown in Exhibit 7.1.
The unit wastewater treatment cost of the project is Rs 16.34 per cubic meter, in constant
(2007) prices, of effluent.
7.2 Environmental Costs

The environmental costs of the project are a direct consequence of the environmental
risks, which have been identified in Section 6 of this EIA report, associated with the
project.
The majority of the data needed to economically value these costs were unavailable at the
time of writing. Therefore, the methodology for calculating the costs has been provided
and ought to be calculated as and when data become available.
7.2.1 Visual Intrusion

The negative impacts of visual intrusion cannot be quantified directly. Instead, indirect
methods such as willingness to pay (WTP) need to be used. In the unlikely scenario that
residential communities indicate a high WTP to keep the project structures from being
built, the cost of the visual intrusion can be estimated by conducting community surveys
to determine the WTP during the construction and operation stages, with the WTP
approximating the cost of visual intrusion.
7.2.2 Land Acquisition

The costs associated with land acquisition were calculated at US$ 33,058 (Rs 2 million)
per acre. With a land requirement of 21 acres, the total cost for land acquisition was
calculated to be about US$ 0.69 million (Rs 42 million).
There were no cultivated crops at or near the site proposed for CETP, therefore no crop
compensation was required and no resettlement was anticipated
The land acquisition costs were built in to the total project costs in the economic and
financial analysis as part of the feasibility study.
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Economic Evaluation of Project Impacts

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-1
7.2.3 Noise
Negative impacts of noise on people could be valued by calculating wages lost due to the
inability to attend work because of sleep deprivation caused by project noise. Others
might choose to relocate altogether, although this is very unlikely. Nevertheless, the
costs associated with relocating could also be added to the lost wages calculated.
7.2.4 Dust
Costs associated with the impact of dust emissions can be estimated if we know the
number of people affected seriously enough to need medical care, and the cost of treating
their symptoms. Additionally, any lost wages associated with missed work due to visits
to the doctor could also be added to the cost of treating the illness.
7.2.5 Exhausts
As with dust, costs associated with the impact of exhaust emissions can be estimated if
we know the number of people affected seriously enough to need medical care and the
cost of treating their symptoms is known. Additionally, any lost wages associated with
missing work to see the doctor could also be added to the cost of treating the illness.
7.2.6 Waste Disposal

Improper waste disposal could contaminate water resources as well as the soil. Humans
and livestock might become ill as a result and the cost of treating them could be used to
value the impact.
7.2.7 Odor
People might choose to relocate, though the chances are extremely slim, if the odor from
the CETP gets unbearable. The costs associated with relocating could be used to value
the impact of odor.
7.2.8 Public Safety

Cost of medical treatment arising from harm to people caused by an accident could be
used for valuing the accident hazard. Any damage to infrastructure ought also to be
incorporated.
The damage to ecological resources is a little harder to quantify, but the willingness of
people to pay to keep the resources as they are or alternatively their willingness to accept
payment for the environmental degradation is a good estimate. This can be done using
questionnaires and surveying people in the vicinity of the CETP and in areas farther
downstream.
7.2.9 Water Use

The cost of the potential impact on communities because of depletion in available water
can be calculated by the decrease in available yield multiplied by the amount people
would be willing to pay for the water, or alternatively, the market price of water as the
shadow price.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-2
7.3 Mitigation Measures

The cost of mitigating an environmental impact, in most cases, is more tangible than
trying to value the impact itself, because mitigation measures are usually quite specific in
terms of materials, equipment, personnel, and methodology.
7.3.1 Visual Intrusion

The cost of landscaping, plantation of flora, and part of the cost of the design consultant
would make up the costs to mitigate possible visual intrusion. Thus the total mitigation
costs can be estimated by summing up the individual costs of the mitigation.
These costs will be determined at the detailed design stage, and will be calculated at that
time.
7.3.2 Noise
Part of the cost to mitigate noise can be estimated by calculating the cost of the noise
abatement wall around the generator:
Length of wall (m) × Cost per running meter (US$) × Number of generators
20 × 34.48 × 1 =US$ 690 (Rs 41,721)
7.3.3 Dust
The cost to mitigate dust can be estimated by multiplying the number of water tankers
required for dust suppression during construction and rehabilitation of the drains by the
price of one water tanker.
The price of one water tanker in the area adjacent to proposed CETP is
US$ 6.90 (Rs 417). It is estimated that a hundred tankers will be used for dust
suppression. Therefore, the cost of mitigating dust emissions is:
Price of tanker x Number of tankers
6.90 × 100 =US$ 690 (Rs 41,721)
7.3.4 Exhausts
Maintenance costs plus monitoring costs could be added together to estimate the cost of
mitigating exhaust emissions.
7.3.5 Waste Disposal

The cost of implementing the waste disposal plan, once it is in place. The types of waste
that will be generated by construction activities of the proposed project are scrap
materials, construction waste, packing waste, and excess materials.
7.3.6 Odor
The cost of odor suppressant technologies employed, and which is built in to the overall
project cost, can be used to estimate the odor mitigation costs.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-3
7.3.7 Public Safety

The costs of implementing the emergency response plan, which is built in to the overall
project cost, including training and equipment in addition to the physical clean-up cost
would be indicative of the cost of an accident hazard.
7.4 Environmental Benefits

The CETP will treat 10.22 million cubic meters of effluent per year during the first phase
of operations will remove 5,213.3 tons per year of BOD5, 10,504.4 tons per year of COD,
and 4,279.6 tons per year of TSS15.., Removal of these and other pollutants are
summarized in Section 3 of this EIA report.
7.4.1 Improvement in Water Quality

The improvement in water quality includes surface and ground water. These benefits will
be tangible in the long run, especially if additional treatment plants are set up to treat
domestic sewage as well greater industrial effluent treatment.
The improvement in fisheries stock and increase in land price due to a cleaner
environment can be used to value a part of the benefits. The decrease in human
morbidity and mortality because of cleaner water and land resources can also be valued
by using either the cost-of-illness or the willingness-to-pay approaches.
7.4.2 Odor
The cost of relocation can be used to partially estimate the benefit of a reduction in odor.
7.4.3 Employment
Total employment benefits after the completion of first phase will worth about
Rs 18.84 million annually, based on the operating costs estimates done for the feasibility
study for the MIE CETP.
7.4.4 Health
Construction of the CETP will have no impact on occupational health and safety
standards in industries, however it will significantly reduce the exposure of the general
public, both directly and indirectly, to hazardous chemicals used in the various processes
in the industries. There is no data available on the health costs associated with these
processes, thus it is not possible to quantify the benefits from reduction in such costs due
to the CETP.
7.5 Conclusions
It was not possible to quantify and value most of the environmental impacts at this stage
of the project. Therefore, a comparison of the benefits and costs (benefit-cost analysis)
was not possible.
15
Calculated from Exhibit 3.5 by multiplying the volume of effluent treated and removal of BOD5, COD, and
TSS per day, by 365.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-4
Nevertheless, there are reasonably substantial benefits associated with the project,
primarily in that it sets a precedent for more such plants to be set up in the future with
private sector participation. The combined effect of these ought to bring tangible
benefits, especially those discussed under the improvement in water quality.
Lastly, it is recommended that as the project gets closer to inception an effort to quantify
the impacts, and subsequently value them in economic terms, be made.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-5
Exhibit 7.1: Summary of Capital Costs of Multan CETP, Sludge Handling Facility
No. Description Foreign Duties on Local Component Total Comments

Component Imported Excluding Taxes Including Foreign
Items Taxes Taxes and and Local
Duties
1. Phase-I Cost
A CETP
a. Land 16 16 16 8.0 acres of government land @ Rs 2.0
Million/acre
b. Resettlement and compensation 0 0
c. Facility Cost
Civil works 267 267 267
Piping, electrical, and other materials 80.2 12.0 92.3 92.3
Equipment 151.2 7.6 53.2 60.7 211.9
Total facility cost 151 8 400 12 420 571
d. Fees
Engineering design 17 17 17 3.0% of total facility cost
Supervision 9 9 9 1.5% of total facility cost, commissioning
and manuals
Owner's management and 14.9 14.9 14.9
administration
Total fees 41 41 41
Total land, resettlement, facility 151 477 628
costs, and fees
e. Contingencies 15 48 63 10.0% of land, total facility costs and fees
f. Initial working capital 25 25 20.0% of total facility operating cost
Total capital cost of CETP 166 550 716
2.7 9 12 US$ Million
Continues …

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-6
… Continued

Duties
B Hazardous Waste Handling Facility
a. Land 18 18 18 9 acres of government land @ Rs 2.0
Million/acre
b. Resettlement
c. Facility Cost
Geo-linings and other material 7 1 8 8
Dumpers and other equipment 4 4 4
Total facility cost 44 1 45 45
d. Fees
Supervision 1 1 1 1.5% of total facility cost
Owner's management and 1 1 1 1.5% of total facility cost
administration
Total fees 3 3 3
Total land, resettlement, facility 66 66
costs, and fees
e. Contingencies 7 7 10.0% of land, facility costs and fees
f. Initial working capital 1 1 20% of operating cost
Total capital cost of HWHF 73 73
Total Capital Cost for Phase-I 623 789
13 US$ Million
Continues …

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-7
… Continued

Duties
2. Phase-II Cost
A Third Module of CETP
a. Land 8 8 8 4.0 acres of government land
@ Rs 2.0 Million/acre
b. Resettlement and compensation 0 0
c. Facility cost
Piping, electrical, and other materials 40 6 46 46
Equipment 76 4 20 24 100
Total facility cost 76 4 175 6 185 261
d. Fees
Supervision 4 4 4 1.5% of total facility cost, commissioning
and manuals
Owner's management and
administration
Total fees 12 12 12
e. Contingencies 8 20 28 10.0% of land, facility and fees
f. Initial working capital 11 11 20%% of operating cost
Total Capital Cost for Phase-II 83 237 320
1 4 5 US$ Million
Total Capital Cost of the project 1,109
18 US$ Million

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 7-8
8. Environmental Management Plan
The environmental management plan (EMP) is a key component of the EIA. It is the tool
that provides a detailed mechanism to ensure that the measures proposed to mitigate
potential negative impacts of the project are implemented. The proposed project is at an
early stage of development, where detailed information about project design, construction
and operational activities, ownership of the project, and the nature of the role that various
private and government agencies will play in the implementation of the project are not
available. Without these it is not possible to develop the EMP in sufficient details to be
an effective tool. This section, therefore, provides a framework for managing and
monitoring environmental issues associated with the proposed project. A revised EMP,
will be prepared by the CETP Company at the beginning of the implementation stage of
the project, and will be submitted to the Punjab EPA for approval. The development of
the revised EMP is discussed further later in this section.
The EMP specifies the conditions and targets to be met during project implementation;
and defines procedures and plans to ensure that the mitigation measures and monitoring
requirements committed by the project proponent are actually carried out. Its objectives
are to:
D Clearly identify all measures that need to be implemented to mitigate adverse
environmental impacts
D Define the responsibilities of project proponents, suppliers, and other role players,
and effectively communicate environmental issues amongst them
D Define a monitoring mechanism, the frequency of monitoring, and monitoring
parameters to ensure that all mitigation measures are completely and effectively
implemented
D Identify training requirements at various levels and provide a plan for
implementation
D Identify the resources required to implement the EMP and outline corresponding
financing arrangements.
The EMP is based on the national regulatory requirements and the potential impact of the
project as assessed in this report. The national regulatory requirements, in the context of
environmental protection, applicable to the project are listed in Exhibit 8.1. The
potential environmental impacts of the project, the measures proposed to mitigate the
negative impact, and the monitoring requirements are presented in Section 6 of this
report.
8.1 Key Environmental Issues

Construction of the CETP and the attached HWHF in the MIE to process the wastewater
generated by the different industries within the MIE is an environmental improvement
project. The project has been designed to minimize the impacts of the construction and
operation activities on the surrounding and downstream environment. Key
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Environmental Management Plan

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-1
environmental issues that could arise from the construction and operation of the project
are listed below:
D Dust emissions during construction of the project
D Waste generation during construction of the project
D Odor from the CETP and the HWHF during operation
D Release of untreated or partially treated effluent due to a process or mechanical
failure in the project
D Contamination of groundwater due to a failure of the liner and sealing system in
the HWHF
D Loss of livelihoods due to land acquisition
In addition to the above, other issues of concern include noise generated during
construction and operation, visual intrusion of the project structures, release of untreated
effluents due to structural failure in the project, exhaust emissions during construction
and operation, use of water in the construction and operation phases, site drainage, spills
and leaks that could contaminate soil and water resources, and public safety during
construction.
To mitigate the potential adverse impacts several specific mitigation measures are
identified. As the project is under development and many details are not available, it is
not possible to develop the mitigation measures in sufficient details for all areas.
Therefore, in addition to the mitigation measures identified above, management and
mitigation plans will be developed to address issues in certain areas. The requirements of
these plans are specified in the next section.
The proposed mitigation measures for each phase of the proposed project are presented in
the form of a matrix in Exhibit 8.2. The matrix contains the following columns:
1. Project activity and potential impact briefly describes potential impact related to
each proposed activity of the project.
2. Proposed mitigation measure describes the mitigation measures in detail
3. Target or performance standard provides the criteria against which it will be
judged whether the proposed mitigation measure has been effectively
implemented
4. Institutional responsibility specifies who will be responsible to implement the
measure, and
5. Mitigation cost provides the cost of the measure wherever available.
8.2 Mitigation Plans

Wherever specific mitigation measures cannot be provided at this stage of the project, the
requirements for mitigation plans are specified. The following mitigation plans are
required:

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-2
1. Waste management plans for construction and operation

2. Water conservation and management plan
3. Odor mitigation plan
4. Contingency plan and emergency procedure
5. Procurement plan
6. Decommissioning plan
An outline of the specific measures and the proposed mitigation plans are provided
below.
8.2.1 Waste Management Plans for Construction and Operation

Separate waste management plans will be prepared for construction and operation phases.
This section provides the guideline for preparation of the waste management plan.
Fundamental Principle
The waste management plan will incorporate a hierarchy of waste management practices
based on source reduction, reuse, recycle, treatment, and responsible disposal.
D Source reduction depends on generation of less waste through more efficient
practices such as material elimination, inventory control and management,
material substitution, process modification, and improved housekeeping
D Reuse refers to the use of materials or products that are reusable in their original
form such as chemical containers
D Recycling entails conversion of wastes into useful materials or extraction of
energy or materials from wastes. Examples includes recycling scrap metal
D Treatment of waste results in detoxification, destruction, or neutralization of
residues through processes such as composting or incineration
D Responsible disposal requires depositing waste on land or in water using
appropriate method that ensures minimization of environmental risks.
Steps in Development of the Plan

The steps involved in development of the waste management plan are the following:
Step 1: Waste Identification. An inventory of all waste that will be generated
during the respective phase of the project will be prepared. The inventory will
include a brief description of the waste as shown in the sample inventory form in
Exhibit 8.3.
Step 2: Waste Categorization. The physical, chemical and toxicological
properties of each type of waste will be identified using material safety data
sheets (MSDS) or other sources of information. Based on these properties the
waste would be categorized for assessment of management options.
Step 3: Evaluation of Waste Management Options. For each category of waste a
list of potential waste management option will be prepared. Opportunities for

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source reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and disposal will be identified and
assessed. The evaluation will include options, environmental considerations,
engineering limitations, regulatory restrictions, technical and economic feasibility,
and potential long-term liability. A sample evaluation form shown in Exhibit 8.4
can be used for this purpose.
Step 4: Implementation Plan. Once the preferred option for each category of
waste is identified, an implementation plan will be prepared
Specific Requirements
The plan will include the following:
D Procedure and timeframe for periodic review and revision of the plan.
D Goals for waste minimization that will be revised periodically.
D Handling procedures for hazardous wastes
D Resource requirements to implement the plan
D Training requirements to implement the plan
D Monitoring regime
D Record-keeping and data collection procedures to document the amounts of waste
generated and their disposal.
D Description of on-site storage, collection, and transportation methods for each
category of waste
Record of all waste generated during the construction period will be maintained.
Quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or reused will be logged.
Recyclable material will be separated at source. Separate bins will be placed at the
construction site for different type of materials—plastic, paper, metal, glass, wood, and
cotton. The recyclable waste will be sold to waste contractors.
All waste material that cannot be recycled or reused will be disposed off either in an on-
site landfill; or at municipal landfill; or, if combustible, will be incinerated at any
incineration facility.
Waste bins for the construction waste will be constructed inside the project boundary.
No waste will be dumped at any location outside the boundary, even if it is a municipal
dump.
Wherever possible, the packaging will be returned to the manufacturers for reuse.
In procurement of supplies for the project, the size and nature of packaging will also be
considered. Items with less packaging will be given additional score while evaluating
bids.
All hazardous waste will be separated from other wastes. Depending on the nature and
quantity of the hazardous waste, it will either be given to licensed contractors, or will be
incinerated at incineration facilities equipped to handle hazardous waste, or will be
disposed off at the HWHF.

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Medical waste will be stored in sealed containers and transported to a nearby hospital for
incineration.
8.2.2 Water Conservation and Management Plan

A water conservation and management plan will be prepared and implemented during the
construction of the project. The plan will identify options to reduce water consumption
by introducing practices and processes that consume less water; reusing and recycling
water; and, wherever possible using non-potable water.
The plan will include the following:
D Procedure and timeframe for periodic review and revision of the plan.
D Goals for water conservation that will be revised periodically.
D Resource requirements to implement the plan.
D Training requirements to implement the plan.
D Monitoring regime.
D Record-keeping and data collection procedures to document the amounts of water
used for various purposes.
Record of all water obtained from various sources and their consumption will be
maintained. Quantities of water reused or recycled will be logged.
The plan will identify possible sources of water for the construction phase and evaluate
the impact of obtaining water from the source on the existing usage. The plan will
demonstrate that obtaining water from the selected option will not negatively affect the
supply of water to existing consumers.
8.2.3 Odor Mitigation Plan

An odor management plan will be developed during the operation phase of the project.
The purpose of the plan will be to undertake measures to reduce any offensive odor
generated by the plant. The plan will include the following:
1. An odor monitoring program
2. A complaint response protocol describing the procedures the CETP Company will
use to respond to complaints directed at the facility
3. Documentation of complaints of offensive odor from the community
4. A list and description of all potential odor sources at the facility
5. Odor control strategies, methods and practices for addressing each of the
significant odor sources
8.2.4 Contingency Plan and Emergency Procedure

The CETP Company will develop and maintain a contingency plan and to minimize
hazards to human health or the environment from unexpected events due to natural or
anthropogenic causes including:

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D Fires
D Explosions
D Unplanned release of hazardous waste or hazardous waste constituents to air, soil,
or surface water
D Traffic accidents involving project related vehicles
D On-site accidents
The provisions of the plan will be carried out immediately whenever there is an
emergency situation. The plan will:
D Describe the actions the facility personnel will take in emergency situations
D Describe arrangements agreed to by local police departments, fire departments,
hospitals, Multan Industries, Association, and other relevant government agencies
to coordinate emergency services
D List names, addresses, and phone numbers (office and home) of all persons
qualified to act as emergency coordinator.
D Include a list of all emergency equipment at the facility (such as fire extinguishing
systems, spill control equipment, communications and alarm systems, and
decontamination equipment), where this equipment is required. In addition, the
plan will include the location and a physical description of each item on the list,
and a brief outline of its capabilities.
D Include an evacuation plan for facility personnel where there is a possibility that
evacuation could be necessary. This plan will describe signal(s) to be used to
begin evacuation, evacuation routes, and alternate evacuation routes (in cases
where the primary routes could be blocked by releases of hazardous waste or
fires).
D Include procedure and timeframe for periodic review and revision of the plan in
response to revision in regulations, failure of the plan in an emergency, changes in
facility, changes in emergency coordinator, and changes in emergency equipment.
A copy of the contingency plan and all revisions to the plan will be maintained at the
facility; and submitted to all local police departments, fire departments, hospitals, Multan
Industries Association, and other relevant government agencies that may be called upon
to provide emergency services.
8.2.5 Procurement Plan

As far as possible, only those goods will be acquired for the project that have been
produced under environmentally friendly processes. In the detailed EMP, a list of all
major goods and services to be acquired for the construction and operation of the
proposed project will be provided. For all major items, production of which may involve
significant environmental impact, the bidders or suppliers will be asked to provide
information on the production process and how the environmental aspects were managed
during production. The bid evaluation criteria will include explicit scores for

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environmental aspects. The bidder may be disqualified if the required environmental

information is not provided.
8.2.6 Decommissioning Plan

The proposed project is designed for 20-35 years. It will be decommissioned at the end
of its life. A detailed decommissioning plan and possibly an EIA will be conducted prior
to the decommissioning. The decommissioning will include the following activities:
D All the structures will be demolished.
D Debris will be removed from the site.
D All the cavities, pits or underground tanks will be filled.
D All the fillings will be leveled and covered with an extra cap soil.
D Project site will be cleared from all types of waste.
D All pipes will be removed from the site.
D All signboards will be removed.
D Soil of the project site will be tested in order to trace any contamination and in
case of contamination remedial measures will be undertaken
D Project site will be restored to its original, or better condition as much as possible.
8.3 Monitoring Programs and Parameters

The main objectives of the monitoring plan during construction will be:
D Establish the environmental baseline prior to start of construction activities on the
project for comparison with monitoring data after the start of the project
D Document the actual project impact on physical, biological and socioeconomic
receptors.
D Evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended measures in the EIA and to enable
the project management to take additional mitigation measures if the impact level
exceeds the level anticipated in the EIA
The main objectives of monitoring during the operation phase will be to:
D Appraise the adequacy of the EIA with respect to the project’s predicted long-
term impact on water quality
D Evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended measures in the EIA and to enable
the project management to take additional mitigation measures if the impact level
exceeds the level anticipated in the EIA
D Document plant parameters (for example, malfunctioning conditions of the
project) and environmental data to support analyses that will help minimize
future risks.
The monitoring programs in the following areas have been proposed during the
construction and operation phases of the project:

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D Noise (baseline, construction)

D Dust (construction)
D Exhaust emission (construction)
D Water consumption (construction)
D Odor (operations)
D Groundwater (operations)
D Water quality of drains and Chenab river (baseline and operations)
D CETP effluent composition (operations)
Details of monitoring programs and parameters are given in Exhibit 8.5. The
implementation arrangements are discussed in Section 8.8 below.
The monitoring results will be compared with the significance criteria proposed in the
EIA and if found to exceed the criteria, the project management will take appropriate
measures.
8.4 Public Consultation Activities

The public consultation activities for the proposed project were initiated with the
identification of Multan as one of the potential clusters targeted for the development of a
CETP. Formal consultations with the stakeholder were undertaken during the EIA. This
process will continue during the design, construction and operational phases of the
project. Following is a summary of public consultation exercises that will be undertaken:
Regulatory Approval
A public hearing is a mandatory requirement for all EIAs under PEPA, 1997. After the
EIA is submitted to the Punjab EPA, a public notice will be issued in the national and
local newspapers informing the public about the availability of the EIA for review for at
least one month. At the commencement of the review period, the public hearing will be
organized. The participants of the public hearing may include:
D The community representatives from nearby areas
D Local government representatives from relevant town governments
D Non-governmental organizations, such as the World Conservation Union (IUCN),
Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF)
D Government agencies, such as the irrigation department, and municipal authorities
D Industrial associations of Multan.
Detailed Design
During and immediately after the detailed design stage, the communities of the
surrounding areas will be consulted. The purpose of these consultative meetings will be
to apprise the residents about project details, schedule, potential impact and the proposed
mitigation and monitoring plan. The comments and concerns of the stakeholder will be
documented and a mutually acceptable solution will be sought.

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Construction
Prior to start of any construction activity on any component of the project, contacts will
be established with the community in the immediate vicinity of the proposed activity.
The community will be informed in detail about the scheduled start and commencement
of the activity, the nature and magnitude of activity and the likely impact of the activity.
The community will be informed about the safety arrangements. With the mutual
consent of the community elders, general briefings on safety aspects will be provided to
members of the community. Appropriate signs and posters, in English and the local
vernacular, will be displayed at conspicuous places to provide information on safety
aspects. The names and contact information of the project team that can be reached in
case of any emergency will be provided to the community elders.
Periodic meetings, not more than 15 days apart, will be arranged with the community
elders. A general complaint register will be maintained at the entrance to the project.
The community will be informed about the presence of the register. The register will be
regularly inspected by the management of the project and appropriate actions will be
undertaken on complaints registered in it.
All monitoring reports produced during the construction phase will be made available to
the community and comments on the report will be actively sought. Summaries of the
reports will be translated into the local vernacular and provided to the community.
Operation
The liaison developed with the community during the construction phase will be
continued during the project’s operation phase. Periodic meetings, not more than two
months apart, will be undertaken to discuss and document concerns regarding the plant’s
operation.
All monitoring reports produced during the operation phase will be made available to
community and comments on the report will be actively sought. Summaries of the
reports will be translated into the local vernacular and provided to the community.
8.5 Monitoring Roles and Responsibilities

Compliance with the NEQS and the requirements of the EIA is central to the design and
operation of the project. All the players responsible for implementation of the project
will also have a responsibility in monitoring the performance of the project. The project
staff engaged in environmental monitoring is listed below, followed by descriptions of
the monitoring responsibilities specific to each post.
8.5.1 CETP Board of Directors

The CETP Board of Directors will have the ultimate legal responsible to comply with the
conditions of the EIA. The Board will depend on the Project Manager, CETP to meet the
Board’s obligations its behalf and on the Supervision Consultant to monitor the
environmental performance. The Board will also commission periodic third-party
environmental audits of the project. Specific responsibilities of the Board include:

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D Submitting the EIA to the Punjab EPA for approval and obtaining approval
D Meeting the conditions of the EIA
D Preparing a revised EMP, submitting to Punjab EPA, obtaining approval
D Ensuring the availability of financial resources required for environmental
monitoring
D Ensuring that periodic environmental monitoring reports, quarterly during
construction phase and annually during operations phase, are sent to the Punjab
EPA
D Ensuring that environmental audits are carried out after every six months during
the construction phase and annually during the operations phase.
8.5.2 Project Manager/General Manager, CETP Company

The Project Manager of the CETP Company during the construction phase and the
General Manager of the company during the operations phase will have the operational
responsibility to comply with the conditions of the EIA on behalf of the CETP Board of
Directors. The specific responsibilities of the Project Manager, or General Manager as
appropriate, in the context of environmental monitoring will include:
D Ensuring the availability of human and material resources required for
environmental monitoring
D During the construction phase, assigning one of the engineering staff the
additional responsibility of coordinating with the Supervision Consultant in
collecting the monitoring data
D During operations phase, generating periodic monitoring reports and
disseminating these among the management and appropriate staff members
D During the operations phase, assigning one of the engineering staff the additional
responsibility of environmental coordinator
D During the operations phase, designate one of the project engineers as the
environmental coordinator and the laboratory supervisor as his assistant.
D Ensuring that the required environmental training is provided to the project
staff concerned
D Contracting out external auditing and monitoring to independent firms and
ensuring that these are carried out
D Maintain monitoring data and record of all incidents of environmental
significance as well as related actions and corrective measures
D Develop environmental monitoring and management plans as required by the EIA
at appropriate times
8.5.3 Supervision Consultant

The principal responsibility of environmental monitoring and evaluation during the
construction phase and will lie with the Supervision Consultant. The Supervision

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Consultant will hire an independent environmental checker (IEC) who will have the
exclusive responsibility of monitoring the environmental performance of the CETP
supplier and impact of the project on the environment.
8.5.4 Independent Environmental Checker

The IEC will be responsible for carrying out visits to the construction sites to review the
environmental performance of the CETP suppliers. To enable the IEC to carry out his
functions, he will be provided with appropriate tools such as GPS, digital camera, and
noise meter. His specific responsibilities will include:
D Systematically observe the activities carried out by the suppliers or any other
person associated with the project
D Contract out external monitoring to independent firms and ensure that these are
carried out
D Verify that the activities carried out comply with the EIA/EMP and conditions
of approval
D Maintain monitoring data and record of all incidents of environmental
significance as well as related actions and corrective measures
D Generate periodic monitoring reports and disseminate these among the
management and appropriate staff members
8.5.5 CETP Supplier

The CETP Supplier will be responsible for:
D Implementing environmental controls and mitigations as set out in the EIA and
EMP
D Follow any reasonable direction or advice given be the Supervision Consultant
regarding the improvement of environmental performance of the project
D Carrying out periodic routine monitoring
D Develop internal monitoring checklists and procedures to ensure compliance with
the environmental conditions specified in the EIA. Supervision Consultant will
verify the adequacy of the monitoring systems
D Providing the required environmental monitoring data to the Supervision
Consultant
D Appointing an Environmental Officer to carryout the environmental monitoring
and management responsibilities
8.6 Reporting
Overall progress reporting will be the responsibility of the IEC during the construction
phase. The IEC will prepare monthly environmental monitoring report of the project and
submit to the CETP Board of Directors. The report will contain summary of
environmental non-compliances and rectification by the suppliers. The results of
monitoring environmental parameters carried out by the IEC and the CETP Supplier will

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also be included. In addition, the IEC will also prepare a quarterly report encompassing
environmental concerns, and following review by the Board of Directors, submit the
report to the Punjab EPA.
During the operations phase, the environmental coordinator of the project will prepare
quarterly environmental report and submit to the General Manager, CETP, who will then
submit the report to the CETP Board of Directors. The General Manager will also
prepare an annual report encompassing environmental concerns, and following review by
the Board of Directors, submit the report to the Pak-EPA and Punjab EPA.
8.7 Approval Schedule

An overall schedule for the project is provided in Section 3. For the environmental
approvals and management, following are the key actions, and respective schedules and
responsibilities:
D Start preparing revised EMP including the mitigation plans at least six months
prior to scheduled date of beginning of construction. Action is to be taken by the
CETP Board of Directors through Supervision Consultant
D Submit EIA report and the revised EMP to the Punjab EPA at least four months
prior to scheduled date of beginning of construction. Action is to be taken by the
CETP Board of Directors
D Appoint IEC for intermittent input during design stage and full time at least two
months prior to scheduled date of beginning of construction
D Initiate baseline monitoring as per the schedule at least one month prior to
scheduled date of beginning of construction
8.8 Change Management

An environmental assessment of the proposed project has been made based on the project
description available at the time the EIA was prepared. However, it is possible that
changes in project design will be required when the project is implemented. This section
describes the mechanism that will be put into place to manage changes that might affect
the project’s environmental impact.
The changes in the project design have been categorized as first-order, second-order, and
third-order. These are defined below:
1. A first-order change is one that leads to a significant departure from the project
described in the EIA, and consequently requires a reassessment of the
environmental impact associated with the change. In such an instance,
reassessment of the environmental impact of the proposed change will be
required, the results of which will then be sent to the Punjab EPA for approval.
2. A second-order change is one that may entail project activities not significantly
different from those described in the EIA, which may result in project effects
whose overall magnitude would be similar to the assessment made in this report.
In case of such changes, reassessments of the impact of the activity on the

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environment will be required, additional mitigation measures will be specified, if

necessary, and the changes will be reported to the Punjab EPA.
3. A third-order change is one that is of little consequence to the EIA findings. This
type of change does not result in effects beyond those already assessed in the EIA;
rather it may be made onsite to minimize the impact of an activity. The only
action required for such changes will be to record the change in the Change
Record Register.
The possible categories of changes have been discussed above. Any change in the
project design, or the results of the environmental monitoring, may necessitate changes in
the EMP. Changes in the EMP may include either additional or the reduced monitoring
and reporting requirements.
Exhibit 8.1: Applicable Environmental Regulatory Requirements

Instrument Requirement Action
Environmental Makes it mandatory for the project An EIA meeting the regulatory
Protection Act proponents to carry out an environmental requirements has been prepared
of Pakistan, impact assessment and incorporate and will be submitted to the Punjab
1997 environmental and social mitigation Environmental Protection Agency
actions as part of the project planning. (Punjab EPA).
Makes it illegal to discharge any effluent The design of the project ensures
or emission in violation of the National that the relevant components meet
Environmental Quality Standards this requirement. Exceptions have
(NEQS). been identified and discussed.
Land Makes it mandatory that any land A compensation framework has
Acquisition acquisition by the government should been prepared that addresses this
Act, 1884 follow the process laid out in the act for requirement.
fairness and transparency.
Antiquities Makes it illegal to undertake any No project activity has been
Act, 1975 construction work within 200 ft (60 m) of a planned within 60 m of a protected
building, site or monument protected site.
under the Act.
Requires that the Department of The supplier will be required to stop
Archaeology and Museums, Government work if any archaeological artifact is
of Pakistan, should be informed if any found during construction. The
archaeological artifact is found during Department of Archaeology and
excavation. Museums will be contacted for
further action.
Canal and Makes it illegal to undertake any No project activity is planned within
Drainage Act, construction work within 100 ft (30 m) of a 30 m of a canal.
1873 canal.
Requires that an application for use of The discharge of effluent in to the
canal water or discharge of effluent in to Upper Chenab Canal and the use of
a canal be filed with the irrigation canal water during construction and
department. operations has been kept open at
this stage of the project. If found to
be feasible at the detailed design
stage, permission from the relevant
irrigation authority will be sought.

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Exhibit 8.2: Mitigation Plan
Project Activity and Proposed Mitigation Measure Target or Performance Institutional

Mitigation Cost
Potential Impact Standard Responsibility
Design/Pre-construction Phase
Land: Loss of The affected landowners will be compensated by cash The affected person is CETP Company Included in the
property for land for the land acquired. compensated and a written project cost
owners due to land OR agreement is reached prior Between Rs. 49.35
acquisition to the start of construction million-Rs. 61.69
The affected landowners will be compensated by land
work million depending
for the land acquired.
on which
compensation
option landowners
choose
Land: Loss of income The affected landowners and/or tenants will be The affected person is CETP Company Not required as the
for people who farm compensated by cash for the standing crops compensated and a written proposed site is a
the land due to land agreement is reached prior non agricultural
acquisition to the start of construction land.
work
Visual Intrusion: Plantation and landscaping plan will be developed Plantation and landscaping CETP Supplier Included in the
Impact on aesthetic The color of the structures will be in harmony with the plan is developed and project cost
quality of the project surrounding environment. budget is allocated for its
area due to project implementation
siting
Continues…

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…Continued

Mitigation Cost
Accidental Release The structural design of the project will take into Detailed structural design of CETP Supplier Included in the
of Untreated or account the seismic risk of Multan the project addresses the project cost
Partially Treated seismic risk factor for
Effluent: Release of Multan.
effluent due to
To ensure structural integrity of the tanks and other The inspection and CETP Company Included in the
mechanical or process
failure, or breakdown components, an inspection and supervision plan will supervision plan is available project cost
of the sludge collection be developed two weeks prior to start of
construction
system could affect
human health and
ecological resources
downstream of the
project
Waste Management: A waste management plan will be developed Waste management plan is CETP Supplier Included in the
Improper disposal In procurement of supplies for the project, the size available two weeks prior to project cost
could affect aesthetics, and nature of packaging will be taken into start of construction
human health, and consideration Written documentation on
ground water and soil the application of the
Wherever possible, the packaging will be returned to
resources mitigation measure
the manufacturers for reuse
Construction Phase
Visual Intrusion: Trees and other flora of suitable species will be Physical evidence of trees, CETP Supplier Rs. 0.1 million
Impact on aesthetic planted along the project boundary to reduce visual plantation, and landscaping
quality of the project impact and enhance aesthetic quality
area due to project Landscaping will be carried out to mitigate the visual
siting impact
Continues…

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…Continued

Mitigation Cost
Noise: Noise levels Noise survey of all construction equipment will be Noise data of equipment on CETP Supplier Included in the
will remain below the conducted prior to their deployment. Equipment file project cost
prescribed limits and emitting excessive noise in comparison with other Maintenance records
guideline values similar equipment will not be allowed to operate
Equipment under use will be regularly maintained,
tuned, and provided with mufflers to minimize noise
levels. Equipment in poor state of maintenance,
particularly without effective noise control will not be
allowed to operate
Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of Adherence to the CETP Supplier Included in the
15 km/h on the access road requirements in random project cost
Horn-blowing will be prohibited on the access road to checks
the project site
A boundary wall surrounding the project site will be Walls are constructed before CETP Supplier Included in the
constructed before any other construction activity is construction begins project cost
started on the proposed site
A wall will be constructed around the standby diesel
generator
Air Quality: Dust Water will be sprinkled on access road until such time Awareness among operators CETP Supplier Rs. 40,000 (100
emissions from it is paved and lack of complaints and tankers @ Rs 400
construction activities evidence of non-compliance per tanker)
Dust emission from soil piles and aggregate storage Adherence to the CETP Supplier Included in the
stockpiles will be reduced by appropriate measures. requirements in random project cost
These may include: a) keeping the material moist by checks
sprinkling of water at appropriate frequency; b) Availability and use of
erecting windshield walls on three sides of the piles windshields and tarpaulin or
such that the shield projects 0.5 m above the pile, or other covers
c) covering the pile, for example with tarpaulin or thick
plastic sheets, to prevent emission
Continues…

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…Continued

Mitigation Cost
Project traffic will maintain a maximum speed limit of 15 km/h Adherence to the CETP Supplier Included in the
on all unpaved roads requirements in random project cost
Loads will be covered with tarpaulins to prevent dust checks
re-entrainment from trucks
Appropriate control technologies such as water sprays,
enclosures, hoods, curtains, shrouds, movable and
telescoping chutes, and fabric filters will be employed to
minimize dust emission from concrete batching plant and the
asphalt plant
Aggregate material will be delivered to the batching plant in a
damp condition, and water sprays will be applied, if needed, to
reduce dust emissions
Any conveyers for dry material will be fully covered and
protected from wind
Air Quality: Exhaust All generators and other combustion equipment used during Regular inspection and CETP Supplier Included in the
emissions from the project will be properly tuned and maintained in good maintenance record of project cost
generators and working condition in order to minimize exhaust emissions every piece of
construction equipment The stack height of the generators will be at least 4 m above equipment is
will be within prescribed the ground. maintained
limits and applicable
No project facility that is occupied for extended periods, such
guidelines
as office or laboratory, will be located downwind of the
generator and within 50 m of generator.
Continues…

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…Continued

Mitigation Cost
Waste management: Recyclable material will be separated at source. Separate Compliance with CETP Company/ Included in the
Improper disposal could bins will be placed at the construction site for different type of mitigation measures CETP Supplier project cost
affect aesthetics, human materials—plastic, paper, metal, glass, wood, and cotton. The and waste management
health, and ground water recyclable waste will be sold to waste contractors plan
and soil resources Record of all waste generated during the construction period Quarterly review of
will be maintained. Quantities of waste disposed, recycled, or waste management
reused will be logged plan
Construction wastes will be prevented from draining into the
Upper Chenab Canal and drains that flow close to the project
site
Waste bins for the construction waste will be constructed
inside the project boundary
All waste material that cannot be recycled or reused will be
disposed of either in an on-site landfill; or at a municipal landfill
once it is developed; or, at the municipal dump if no landfill is
available; or, if combustible, will be incinerated at on-site burn
pit or at municipal burn pit
All hazardous waste will be separated from other wastes.
Depending on the nature and quantity of the hazardous waste,
it will either be given to licensed contractors, or will be
incinerated at incineration facilities equipped to handle
hazardous waste, or will be disposed off at the proposed
HWHF located adjacent to the CETP and to be constructed as
an integral part of the project
Continues…

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…Continued

Mitigation Cost
Spill and leakage Spill prevention trays will be provided at refueling locations Availability of spill CETP Supplier Included in the
control: Spills and leaks On-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment prevention equipment at project cost
during construction can will be avoided as far as possible. In case on-site the site.
contaminate soil at the maintenance is unavoidable, tarpaulin or other impermeable Maintenance record.
construction site. material will be spread on the ground to prevent Awareness among
contamination of soil operators, lack of
Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in evidences of non-
construction vehicles and equipment compliance, and
properly maintained
record of contaminated
soil
Waste of Water: A water conservation program will be initiated (see Section 8) Availability of CETP Company/ Included in the
Uncontrolled use of water documented plan within CETP Supplier project cost
can results in wastages two weeks of initiation of
construction
Site drainage. Run-off Through contouring and installation of embankments, where Installation of beams, CETP Company/ Included in the
from the site, particularly necessary, it will be ensured that storm water from the screens and traps CETP Supplier project cost
during rain can carry silt surrounding areas does not enter the construction site
and sediment and pollute The run-off from the site will pass through sediment traps and
the backwaters screens
Public Safety: The entire project area will be fenced off before any Awareness among CETP Company/ Included in the
Construction activity will construction work begins operators and lack of CETP Supplier project cost
not be a safety hazard for Entry into the construction site will be restricted. Any visitors complaints and
communities, safety will be accompanied by project personnel at all times evidences of non-
enhancement measures, compliance
Project traffic will drive defensively at all times and follow
however, will be taken
traffic regulations
Continues…

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…Continued

Mitigation Cost
Operations Phase
Odor: Odor from project An odor mitigation plan will be developed and put in place. The plan is available CETP Company Included in the
operations two weeks prior to project cost
commissioning of the
plant
Visual Intrusion: Impact Tree plantation and landscaping will be maintained at the Resources are made CETP Company Included in the
on aesthetic quality of the project site to reduce visual impact and enhance aesthetic available for overall project
project area due to project quality maintenance of cost
structure plantation
Solid waste disposal: A waste management plan will be prepared as part of the Availability of the plan at CETP Company Included in the
Improper disposal of waste environmental management plan to ensure that the waste least two weeks prior to project cost
can have an adverse generated during the operation of the project is disposed in commissioning of the
impact on the environment an environment-friendly manner. project.
Periodic review of plan
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-20
…Continued
Project Activity and Proposed Mitigation Measure Target or Performance Institutional Mitigation Cost
Sludge Disposal: The sludge will be stored in a secure area accessible only to Contingency plan and CETP Company Included in the
Improper disposal of relevant persons emergency procedures project cost
sludge from the project The operators of the sludge handling facility and HWHF will in place two weeks prior
can potentially become a be provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to start of operations
hazard for human health (PPE) Documented evidence
and the environment. Daily record of sludge generated at the CETP will be of compliance with
maintained by the operating company mitigation measures
The sludge will be stored in RCC pit. Similarly, RCC pads Awareness among
will be provided at all locations where sludge is handled or operators and lack of
transferred for transportation. The run-off from the pads will evidence of non-
be discharged back to the treatment tanks compliance
All storage areas, pits, and tanks, containing hazardous
material will clearly display the words “Hazardous Material”
The CETP operating company will maintain daily record of
sludge generated at the CETP
A contingency plan and emergency procedures will be
developed and implemented to minimize hazards to human
health or the environment from fires, explosions, and
accidental or unplanned release of hazardous waste or
hazardous waste constituents to soil or surface water.
Decommissioning Phase
General: The A decommissioning plan will be prepared by the CETP The plan is ready at the CETP Company To be assessed
decommissioning of the Company and will be submitted to SEPA for approval. time of before the
project would involve decommissioning development of
activities that can the plan
potentially affect the
environment

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-21
Exhibit 8.3: Sample Waste Inventory Form
Waste ID Waste Material Source Physical State Volume and Associated Waste
Category Frequency of Hazard Categorization
Generation
A unique Descriptive Paper, plastic, Operation or Solid, liquid, The quantity of Hazards Categorization
identification identification, metal, etc. Equipment sludge, etc. waste (in cubic associated with of waste based
number given to e.g., masonary Generating meters or kg) waste based on on material,
each entry in the waste, diesel Waste that is generated the toxicological, hazard, physical
table tank bottom in one cycle and physical or state, etc. For
sludge. the frequency of chemical example, paper,
cycle. For properties scrap metal,
example, 10 kg metal cans, etc.
of waste once
every week, or
20 m3 daily

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-22
Exhibit 8.4: Sample Waste Management Options’ Evaluation Form
Waste Category Source Reduction Reuse Options Recycle Options Treatment Options Disposal Options Selected Option
Options
Waste category as Identification and Identification and Identification and Identification and Identification and Identification and
determined by evaluation of evaluation of reuse evaluation of evaluation of evaluation of justification of
Waste Inventory source options options recycle options treatment options disposal options selected option
Form

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-23
Exhibit 8.5: Monitoring Requirements
Aspect Objective of Parameters to be Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility Cost

Monitoring Monitored
Construction Phase
Noise To ensure noise Ambient noise A-weighted noise At one location Once at the Independent Rs 4,000
levels are in line level at Munder levels–24 hours, each in Munder beginning of Environmental (1 day × 4,000
with predictions Khurd, Munder readings taken at 15 Khurd, Munder construction Checker Rs/day)
Kalahn, and s intervals over 15 Kalahn, and phase at peak
Munder Sharif min. every hour, and Munder Sharif construction
then averaged activity
determinded by
the IEC
Air Quality: To ensure dust Visible dust Visual observation of Project site and Once daily at Independent Included in
Dust emissions levels are not size of dust clouds, access track peak construction Environmental the project
from excessive their dispersion and activity Checker cost
construction the direction of
equipment dispersion
working on
project site
Air Quality: To determine the Gaseous CO, NOX, SO2 and Equipment at Baseline before Independent Rs 48,000
Exhaust effectiveness of emission rates PM. Measurement Project site construction and Environmental (8 days ×
emissions from gaseous from generators should be taken at once every three Checker 6,000 Rs/day)
generators and emission control and other key full throttle, typical months
construction measures on equipment operating and idling subsequently
equipment source emission conditions
Water To determine the Water Quantity of water Project Site To be defined as CETP Included in
effectiveness of consumption obtained from part of the water Supplier the project
the water various sources and conservation plan cost
conservation consumed for
program different purposes
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-24
…Continued
Aspect Objective of Parameters to be Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility Cost

Waste To determine the Waste As determined by Project site To be defined as CETP Included in
Management effectiveness of generation as the waste part of the waste Supplier the project
the waste determined by management plan management plan cost
management the waste
plan management
plan
Spills and To ensure spill Construction Inspection of Equipment at Weekly CETP Included in
Leaks and leak vehicles and vehicles and Project site Supplier the project
prevention equipment equipment to ensure cost
no leaks
Operations Phase
Odor To determine the To be defined as Subjective presence, To be defined To be defined as CETP Rs 10,000 per
effectiveness of part of the Odor or otherwise, of odor as part of the part of the Odor Company day
odor mitigation Mitigation Plan in the vicinity of the Odor Mitigation Mitigation Plan
plan project site Plan
Sludge To determine the Groundwater Drinking water Project Site Once every three CETP Rs. 4,000 per
Handling and effectiveness of quality parameters in months Company sample
Disposal hazardous waste samples drawn from
control measures monitoring well
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-25
…Continued
Potential Impact Objective of Parameters to be Measurements Location Frequency Responsibility Cost

Effluent To ensure NEQS parameters Concentration of CETP Outfall During the first three CETP Rs. 4,000
Composition compliance with pollutant in effluent months of operation: Company per sample
the NEQS discharged from CETP One 24-hour composite
sample every week
After three months of
operation: One 24-hour
composite sample in
15 days
During upset
conditions: Samples at
6-hour intervals while the
upset conditions lasts
Water quality of To assess the BOD5, COD, TDS, Pollutant concentration Two locations in Baseline: Three 24-hour CETP Rs. 10,000
outfall sewer, impact of the pH, Cr, Ni in sample outfall sewerl, composite samples from Company per sample
and Chenab project on the one location in the drains at 1-month (including
river water quality of the intervals before the start sampling
Chenab river at
receiving water of operations. cost)
the final point of
bodies disposal of the During Operations:
outfall sewer into One 24-hour composite
the river. sample, once in three
months.
Normal Plant To collect data to Operating To be determined after Project Site To be determined after CETP Included in
Operation and support analyses to parameters during detailed design detailed design Company the project
Abnormal help minimize normal and cost
Conditions future risks abnormal
conditions

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 8-26
9. Stakeholder Consultation
It is best to initiate the stakeholder consultation process at an early stage in the project
cycle. This ensures that feedback from communities and other stakeholders directly or
indirectly affected by the project can be used to adjust and improve the project’s design,
planning, and implementation, and help structure the project to be both environmentally
and socially sound.
9.1 Objectives of Stakeholder Consultation

The overall objectives of the public consultation process are as follows:
D To inform primary as well as secondary stakeholders about project activities
D To gather feedback from primary as well as secondary stakeholders on project
activities
D To identify potential issues including the socioeconomic impact of the project and
corresponding mitigation measures
9.2 Identification of Stakeholders

Stakeholders are people, groups, or institutions that may be affected by, can significantly
influence, or are important to the achievement of the stated purpose of a proposed
intervention. Primary and secondary stakeholders were identified based on definitions
provided in the ADB’s Handbook on Poverty and Social Analysis:
D Primary Stakeholders: People, groups or institutions affected positively
(beneficiaries) or negatively (eg, involuntary re-settlers) by the project
D Secondary Stakeholders: People, groups, or institutions that are important
intermediaries in the project delivery process (eg, the ADB, government line
agencies, or NGOs)
For this project, primary stakeholders were limited to local landowners and members of
resident communities. Secondary stakeholders mainly included local NGOs, local
government representatives and other such organizations. Based on the stakeholders
identified, the consultation/involvement process was determined.
A list of individuals and organizations consulted during the course of this study is given
in Exhibit 9.1.
9.3 Primary Stakeholders Consultation
9.3.1 Topics for Discussion

Given below is a list of the topics that were covered during the meetings.
D Water
D Employment
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Stakeholder Consultation

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-1
D Pollution
D Wildlife
D Community development
D Traffic
D Non-local workforce
Since the site for the proposed project is state owned and the community is not entitled to
any land compensation, and so issues of fair and timely compensation of land were not
discussed.
9.3.2 Consultation Process

The consultants held meetings with primary stakeholders. The survey team visited nine
villages in total that may be affected from the activities of the proposed project. Out of
theses village stakeholder consultation was undertaken only at six villages. Exhibit 9.2
show photographs of theses consultations.
During these consultations a simple, non-technical description of the project was given,
along with an overview of the project’s likely human and environmental impact.
Following the project description, a discussion was held so that the participants could
voice their concerns and opinions. These concerns and suggestions were recorded in
field notes.
9.3.3 Outcomes of Consultations

Exhibit 9.3 summarizes the issues and concerns raised by the community and how the
concerns will addressed.
Project Benefits
MIE phase I is a major source of employment in the area, development of phase II and
CETP will further enhance the job opportunities in the area.
Water Resources Contamination

Effluent from the MIE phase I is taken through an open channel to screening chamber,
from where onwards it becomes underground and leads to pumping station. Effluent is
subjected to sedimentation and pumped through an underground channel to disposal site.
Main drainage line passes by Khair shah, Basti Gharib Abad, Basti Shor Kot, Basti
Walwat, Basti Punjoo Wala and Siyal. Drinking water (hand pumps) at Walwat, Punjoo
and Siyal have become yellowish, having smell and have developed unpleasant taste.
Use of such water has caused diseases like throat and skin infections etc.
This polluted water (Industrial effluent) deeply influences the socioeconomic and
political life of Basti Walwat and its surrounding areas, where it has stagnated into the
long and deep marshy pound (see Exhibits 9.3 and 9.4). An old man in the village
Walwat said: “This dirty water is a disease. There is the greatest source of breeding of
mosquitoes, which are cause of Malaria and colic. The water of the hand pumps has been
yellowish. There is an increase in the number of child deaths in the area. The death of

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-2
many children and animals has taken place because of falling into the pound. We are
afraid that our children might not fall into the pound. When we drink this water, we
suffer from colic”. An old woman said: “My child of two years drowned in it because the
children play all around”.
Livestock also drink pound water as a result livestock are suffering from diseases and
unpleasant taste has been developed in their milk.
Land has become hard and degraded at downstream. Crop production has been
decreased. In the beginning, the big landowners broke the pipeline (carrying industrial
effluent) and irrigated their lands (see Exhibit 9.5). They thought that water without any
charges would enrich their lands. But this water has deprived the land of its fertility.
Locals told that development of the CETP will improve the overall environmental quality
of the area.
Noise and Dust

Some members of the community expressed concern over nuisance created by
construction noise and dust.
Community Nuisance
Presently poultry wastes such as broken and rotten eggs, chicken body parts; and solid
wastes from the MIE phase I are being disposed of in the empty barren land close to the
villages of Dhir Khana Wala and Dhargai Wala (see Exhibit 9.6). As a result,
scavengers are attracted in the area that are causing nuisance to the community.
9.4 Secondary Stakeholders Consultation

Heads of the relevant secondary stakeholders were met at their respective offices
regarding the consultation.
9.4.1 Consultations with Government Departments

Office of the District Officer Environment Multan was visited. No meeting was held on
account of absence of the corresponding officer.
9.4.2 Consulations with NGOs

Two NGOs the AWAZ and PRSP were consulted. AWAZ expressed the concern that the
existing main drain is not properly designed and many protests have been staged but
fruitless. PRSP expressed no concern.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-3
Exhibit 9.1: Stakeholder Consultation Participants and Venues
Location Tehsil/District Date Participants

Local Communities
Dhir Khana Wala Multan June 22, 2005 Mohammad Amin
Ghulam Yasin
Mohammad Ashraf
Abdul Satar
Abdul Rehman
Mohammad Ramzan
Khair Shah Multan June 22, 2005 Fida Hussain
Abdul Majeed
Mohammad Ismail
Bilal
Basti Gharib Abad Multan Jun 22, 2005 Abdul Quyum
Nazir
Rab Nawaz
Shamshuddin
Tahir Hussain
Salamat Ali
Mohammad Rashid
Sadiq Hussain
Javed
Habib Ahmed
Basti Shore Kot Multan June 23, 2005 Allah Bux
Mohammad Hanif
Mohammad Warid
Nazir Hussain
Mohammad Ashiq
Basti Walwat Multan June 23, 2005 Mohammad Bux
Mohammad Sharif
Sadiq
Mohammad Nawaz
Mohammad Ramazan
Chaudry Mohammad
Aslam
Dost Mohammad
Basti Punjoo Wala Multan June 23, 2005 Riyadh Hussain
Sajad Hussain
Ashiq Hussain
Mohammad Hussain
Kashif Hussain
Ramzan Hussain
Allah Ditta
Khuda Bux
Ghulam Shabir
Ismahil
Tanvir Hussain
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-4
Continues…
Location Tehsil/District Date Participants

Qasim Siyal
Ramzan
Ghulam Shabir
Sultan
NGOs
Awaz CDs Multan June 23, 2005 Mohammad
Zia-ur-Rehman
(Chief Executive)
PRSP Multan June 23, 2005 Tariq Ali
(RP-Micro Finance)
Exhibit 9.2: Public Consultations Photographs
Consultation at Village Dhir Khana Wala Participants of Public Consultation at Basti Gharib Abad
Consultation at Basti Walwat Consultation at Basti Punjoo Wala

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-5
Exhibit 9.3: Concerns Raised by Stakeholders and Mitigation
Area of Concern Observation of the Community/Concern Expressed By Proposed Mitigation EIA Section where the
Expressed Concern/Suggestion
is Addressed
Water Resources Drinking water (Hand pumps) at Walwat, Participants of the As a result of proposed CETP, over all quality of water
Contamination Punjoo and Siyal have become yellowish, public consultation resources will be improved.
having smell and have developed meeting
unpleasant taste. Use of such water
causing diseases like throat and skin
infections etc. This polluted water
(Industrial effluent) deeply influences the
socioeconomic and political life of Basti
Walwat and its surrounding areas, where it
has stagnated into the long and deep
marshy pound.
Livestock also drink pound water as a result
livestock are suffering from diseases and
unpleasant taste has been developed in the
milk.
Land has become hard and degraded at
downstream. Crop production has
decreased.
Noise and Dust Some members of the community Noise survey of all construction equipment will be 2.2.1, 6.2.2
expressed concern over nuisance created conducted prior to their deployment. Equipment
by construction noise and dust. emitting excessive noise in comparison with other
similar equipment will not be allowed to operate
A brick wall, or other means of noise abatement,
will be constructed around the standby diesel
generator to attenuate the noise
A boundary wall surrounding the project site will
be constructed before any other construction
activity is started on the proposed site
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-6
…Continued
Area of Concern Observation of the Community/Concern Expressed By Proposed Mitigation EIA Section where the
Expressed Concern/Suggestion
is Addressed
Construction equipment under use will be properly
maintained, tuned, and provided with mufflers to
minimize noise levels
Periodic noise measurements of equipment will be
undertaken to monitor noise levels and take
corrective measures, if needed.
Any conveyers for dry material will be fully
covered and protected from wind
Appropriate control technologies will be employed
to minimize dust emission from concrete batching
plant and the asphalt plant. These technologies
include water sprays, enclosures, hoods, curtains,
shrouds, movable and telescoping chutes, and
fabric filters.
Loads will be covered with tarpaulins to prevent
dust re-entrainment from trucks.
Aggregate material will be delivered to the
batching plant in a damp condition and water
sprays will be applied, if needed, to reduce dust
emissions
Community Presently poultry wastes such as broken Participants of the A waste management plan will be developed. 6.2.3, 6.3.5
Nuisance and rotten eggs, chicken body parts; and public consultation
solid wastes from the MIE phase I are being meeting
disposed of in the empty barren land close
to the villages of Dhir Khana Wala and
Dhargai Wala . As a result, scavengers are
attracted in the area that are causing
nuisance to the community.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-7
Exhibit 9.4: Pound or MIE Phase I Effluent Disposal Site
Exhibit 9.5: Industrial Effluent Being Used for Irrigation
Exhibit 9.6: Scavengers Attracted Due to Poultry Wastes

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 9-8
10. Conclusions
This EIA of the proposed project at the MIE has been conducted in accordance with the
guidelines and the regulatory requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection
Agency. It has been conducted on the proposed project design as described in the final
draft of the Feasibility Study for Common Effluent Treatment Plant at Multan Industrial
Estate.
Phase I of the MIE currently consists of a large number of textile, paper, leather
processing, and pesticide packaging industrial units that discharge their effluent into open
drains, the bulk of which are recently constructed with RCC channels. These individual
open drains combine into a common drain from where the combined effluent of all the
industrial units is transferred to a pumping station. The pumping station then discharges
the effluent into an open, unlined drain that ultimately connects to the Chenab River,
about 5 km from the pumping station. No arrangements currently exist for treating the
wastewater, or for the environmentally acceptable disposal of solid wastes generated by
these industries.
The exporting industries of MIE will be the key beneficiaries of the project. By
switching to an environmentally friendly production process, the industries will be better
placed to compete, on technical and environmental grounds, in the international market.
Nevertheless, the project is not without potential environmental impacts, especially those
related to the design and construction phases. The key environmental impacts
envisaged are:
D Noise will be generated from construction equipments and vehicles that can
potentially disturb the community.
D Combustion gases and dust will be emitted from the generators, vehicles, and
other equipment that can potentially affect the air quality.
D Waste generated during construction and operation, if disposed improperly can
cause soil contamination.
D Influx of construction worker during construction of the plant can create social
conflicts.
D The construction site and the plant related traffic can pose a safety risk for the
surrounding community.
During operations, the key environmental impacts envisaged are:
D Project operations will generate odor that can be a nuisance for the surrounding
community.
D Any malfunctioning of the plant may result in discharge of large quantity of
untreated industrial effluent to the outfall sewer.
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Conclusions

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 10-1
D Improper handling and disposal of sludge produced by the project can pose
serious health and safety risks for the communities, and lead to contamination of
soil and water resources.
An environmental mitigation plan and monitoring plan has been prepared to mitigate the
impacts (see Section 8). However, the proposed project is at feasibility stage where
detailed information about many aspects of the project is not available. In the absence of
key information on construction and operational activities, ownership of the project, and
the nature of the role various private and government agencies will play in the
implementation of the project, it is not possible to develop a comprehensive, detailed
EMP. The EMP, therefore, provides a broad framework for developing a detailed EMP
at a later stage. A revised EMP will be prepared at the beginning of the implementation
stage of the project by the project proponents and submitted to the Punjab EPA for
approval.
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Conclusions

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 10-2
Appendix A: National Environmental Quality

Standards
Exhibit A.1: NEQS for Municipal and Liquid Industrial Effluents1, 2

(mg/l, unless otherwise defined)
No. Parameter Standards

Into Inland Into Into Sea4
Waters Sewage
Treatment3
1. Temperature increase5 =<3°C =<3°C =<3°C
2. pH value 6 to 9 6 to 9 6 to 9
3. Five-day bio-chemical oxygen demand (BOD)5 80 250 807
at 20°C6
4. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 150 400 400
5. Total suspended solids (TSS) 200 400 200
6. Total dissolved solids (TDS) 3,500 3,500 3,500
7. Grease and oil 10 10 10
8. Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 0.3 0.3
9. Chlorides (as Cl') 1,000 1,000 SC8
10. Fluorides (as F') 10 10 10
11. Cyanide total (as CN') 1.0 1.0 1.0
9
12. Anionic detergents (as MBAS) 20 20 20
13. Sulphates (SO4) 600 1000 SC8
14. Sulphides (s') 1.0 1.0 1.0
15. Ammonia (NH3) 40 40 40
10
16. Pesticides 0.15 0.15 0.15
11
17. Cadmium 0.1 0.1 0.1
18. Chromium (trivalent and hexavalent) 1.0 1.0 1.0
4
19. Copper 1.0 1.0 1.0
4
20. Lead 0.5 0.5 0.5
4
21. Mercury 0.01 0.01 0.01
4
22. Selenium 0.5 0.5 0.5
Continues …
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix A

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 A-1
… Continued
No. Parameter Standards

Into Inland Into Sewage Into Sea4
Waters Treatment3
23. Nickel4 1.0 1.0 1.0
4
24. Silver 1.0 1.0 1.0
25. Total toxic metals 2.0 2.0 2.0
26. Zinc 5.0 5.0 5.0
4
27 Arsenic 1.0 1.0 1.0
4
28. Barium 1.5 1.5 1.5
29. Iron 8.0 8.0 8.0
30. Manganese 1.5 1.5 1.5
4
31. Boron 6.0 6.0 6.0
32. Chlorine 1.0 1.0 1.0
Explanations:
1. Dilution of liquid effluents to bring them to the NEQS limiting values is not permissible through fresh
water mixing with the effluent before discharging into the environment.
2. The concentration of pollutants in water being used will be subtracted from the effluent for calculating
the NEQS limits.
3. Applicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and BOD = 80 mg/l is achieved by
the sewage treatment system.
4. Provided discharge is not at shore and not within 10 miles of mangrove or other important estuaries.
o
5. The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more than 3 C at the edge of the zone
where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving body. In case zone is not define, use
100 m from the point of discharge
6. Assuming minimum dilution 1:10 discharge, lower ratio would attract progressively stringent
standards to be determined by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution
means, for example that for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body should
have 10 cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent.
7. The value for industry is 200 mg/l
8. Discharge concentration at or below sea concentration (SC)
9. Modified Benzene Alkyl Sulphate assuming surfacetant as biodegradable.
10. Pesticides include herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides
11. Subject to total toxic metals discharge should not exceed level given at S. No. 25.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 A-2
Exhibit A.2: National Environmental Quality Standards for Gaseous Emissions
No. Parameter Source of Emission Standards

1. Smoke Smoke opacity not to exceed 40% or 2 on Ringlemann
Scale or equivalent
smoke number
2. Particulate matter1 (a) Boilers and furnaces:
i) Oil-fired 00
ii) Coal-fired 00
iii) Cement kilns 00
(b) Grinding, crushing, clinker 00
coolers and related
processes, metallurgical
processes, converters,
blast furnaces and cupolas
3. Hydrogen chloride Any 00
4. Chlorine Any 50
5. Hydrogen fluoride Any 50
6. Hydrogen sulphide Any 0
7. Sulphur oxides2, 3 Sulfuric acid/sulphonic acid 000
plants
Other plants except power 700
plants operating on oil and coal
8. Carbon monoxide Any 00
9. Lead Any 0
10. Mercury Any 0
11. Cadmium Any 0
12. Arsenic Any 0
13. Copper Any 0
14. Antimony Any 0
15. Zinc Any 00
16. Oxides of nitrogen3 Nitric acid manufacturing unit 000
Gas-fired 00
Oil-fired 00
Coal-fired 200
1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more.
2. Based on 1 per cent sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of sulphur, will cause standards to be
pro-rated.
3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil and
coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) special above,
comply with the following standards.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 A-3
Exhibit A.3: Pakistan Standards for Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides
for Power Plants Operating on Oil and Coal
A. Sulfur Dioxide
Standards
Sulfur Dioxide Background Levels (mg/m3)
Criterion I Criterion II
Background Air Annual Maximum Max. SO2 Max. Allowable
Quality Average 24-Hour Interval Emissions 1-Year Average
(SO2 basis) (TPD) Ground Level
Increment to
Ambient (mg/m3)
Unpolluted <50 <200 500 50
1
Moderately polluted
Low 50 200 500 50
High 100 400 100 10
Very polluted2 >100 >400 100 10
1. For intermediate values between 50 and 100 µg/m3 linear interpretation should be used.
2. No project with sulfur dioxide emissions will be recommended.
B. Nitrogen Oxides
Annual arithmetic mean of ambient air concentrations of 100 µg/m3 (0.05 ppm)
nitrogen oxides (expressed as NO2) should not exceed
Maximum emission levels for stationary source discharges, before mixing with the atmosphere:
For fuel fired steam generators
Liquid fossil fuel 130 ng/J of heat input
Solid fossil fuel 300 ng/J of heat input
Lignite fossil fuel 260 ng/J of heat input
Exhibit A.4: National Environmental Quality Standards for Motor

Vehicle Exhaust and Noise
Standards
No. Parameter Measuring Method
(Maximum Permissible Limit)
1. Smoke 40% or 2 on the Ringelmann To compared with Ringlemann
Scale during engine acceleration chart at a distance of 6 meters or
mode. more.
2. Carbon Monoxide Emission Standards:
New Vehicles Used Vehicles
4.5% 6% Under idling conditions:
Nondispersive infrared detection
through gas analyzer.
3. Noise 85db (A) Sound-meter at 7.5 meters from
the source.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 A-4
Appendix B: Flow Measurement, Sampling and

Analysis
It was decided to collect samples from the combined drain and from individual drains of
major effluent sources in the paper, textile and leather processing units. This approach
was designed to estimate the pollution load contributed by these individual industrial
units.
Following this approach, five samples were taken, one each from textile and leather
processing industrial units, one from the combined drain, and two from paper units. Flow
measurement was done at the same locations. The locations of drains and sample
collecting point are shown in Exhibit B.1.
B.1 Sampling
For the assessment of effluent quality, the composite samples were collected manually at
two-hour intervals for three days.
A Composite Sample is defined as a sample formed by mixing discrete samples taken at
periodic points in time or a continuous proportion of the flow. The number of discrete
samples that make up the composite depends upon the variability of pollutant
concentration and flow.
Of the various methods used for composite sampling, the Time Constant/Volume
Proportional to Instantaneous Flow sampling mode was adopted such that the flow rate
at each time of discrete sample collection was noted.
B.2 Flow Measurement

The flow measurement was done using the following two methods.
B.2.1 Float Method
There are three float methods used for estimating flow measurements: surface floats,
subsurface floats, and integrating floats. To determine the flow velocity, one or more
floats are placed in the stream and the time they take to travel a measured distance is
determined. This velocity thus measured is used to calculate the total flow from the
drain. These methods are simple, but from an accuracy standpoint they should only be
used for estimating discharge (Handbook of Sampling, EPA).
The surface float method was used to measure the flow from the individual industrial
drains. A table tennis ball was used as a surface float and the travel distance for the float
was fixed as 1 m.
B.3 Head Discharge Method
This technique takes advantage of the head discharge relationship that exists when a
liquid flows over an obstruction (weir) or through a specific channel section. A weir is
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix B

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-1
an overflow structure built across an open channel to measure the rate of flow of liquid.
The weirs may be termed as rectangular, trapezoidal, or triangular.
For the measurement of effluent flow in the main drain, a 90otriangular-notch weir,
which is also called a 90oV-Notch weir was used because such weirs permit the
accurate measurement of much lower discharges than do other weirs. The discharges
over a V-Notch weir increase more rapidly with the head than in the case of other weirs
(Handbook of Sampling, EPA).
Exhibits B.2 to B.6 provides complete flow measurement data for individual sampling
points. Exhibit B.7 provides the recommended design basis at the CETP inlet. Whereas
the analysis of the BOD and COD results is provided in Exhibit B.8.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-2
¯
71°22'0"E 71°23'0"E Tutialabad 71°24'0"E
Nadarabad
Saeed Colony
Ismailabad Textile Mills
Basti Ghazarwala 1
Textile Mill Colony
Muzaffarabad
30°8'0"N
T
Am
3
ab
5
la
Di
4
st
y
Bakhshuwala
Alamgir
Tibbi Shahwala
Ariwala
r
no
Mi
ur
30°7'0"N Sherahwala m idp
Ha
EIA Environmental Management

Legend
Services for MIE Phase I and II
Cultivated Area Sampling Locaion 1
Industrial Estate Phase I Pumping Station T Exhibit B.1
Industrial Estate Phase II Settlements
Mosque
Sample Collection Locations
Canal
Minor Canal Graveyard
Main Drain Scale 1 : 25,000
Sub Drain Source SoP and Field Survey
Main Road Drawing W7E05EMI
Minor Road
Date May 2007
Tracks
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Kilometers Client PIEDMC
Railway Track
Exhibit B.2: Flow Rate Data of Drain 1
Days Date Sampling Clock Distance Time Velocity Dip Meter Width Volumetric
Point Time Meter Seconds m/sec Meter Flow
Hours m3/hr
Day 1 21/08/05 1 10:55 1 2.85 0.350877 0.47 0.85 504.63
22/08/05 1 01:25 1 2.58 0.387597 0.48 0.85 569.30
1 03:25 1 3.22 0.310559 0.39 0.85 370.62
1 05:25 1 3.22 0.310559 0.39 0.85 370.62
1 07:25 1 3.23 0.309598 0.38 0.85 360.00
1 09:55 1 3.44 0.290698 0.425 0.85 378.05
1 11:55 1 4.84 0.206612 0.57 0.85 360.37
1 13:55 1 3.26 0.306748 0.563 0.85 528.46
1 15:55 1 3.7 0.27027 0.55 0.85 454.86
1 18:25 1 3.62 0.276243 0.5 0.85 422.65
24 hr Flow 4319.58
Average Flow 431.96
Day 2 22/08/05 1 21:00 1 2.920 0.342 0.420 0.850 440.137
1 23:00 1 4.180 0.239 0.400 0.850 292.823
23/08/05 1 01:00 1 4.160 0.240 0.420 0.850 308.942
1 03:00 1 3.220 0.311 0.390 0.850 370.621
1 05:00 1 4.040 0.248 0.400 0.850 302.970
1 07:00 1 3.810 0.262 0.410 0.850 329.291
1 09:25 1 3.690 0.271 0.470 0.850 389.756
1 11:25 1 2.670 0.375 0.498 0.850 570.742
1 13:25 1 3.080 0.325 0.560 0.850 556.364
1 15:25 1 3.460 0.289 0.505 0.850 446.618
1 19:00 1 4.360 0.229 0.510 0.850 357.936
24 hr flow 4366.20
Average flow 396.93
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-4
…Continued
Hours m3/hr
Day 3 23/08/05 1 09:25 1 4.27 0.234 0.470 0.850 336.815
1 11:25 1 3.9 0.256 0.400 0.850 313.846
24/08/05 1 12:25 1 3.42 0.292 0.360 0.850 322.105
1 03:25 1 3.9 0.256 0.420 0.850 329.538
1 05:25 1 4.32 0.231 0.430 0.850 304.583
1 07:25 1 4.78 0.209 0.440 0.850 281.674
1 09:25 1 3.33 0.300 0.390 0.850 358.378
1 11:25 1 4.41 0.227 0.530 0.850 367.755
1 13:25 1 4.44 0.225 0.520 0.850 358.378
1 15:25 1 15.39 0.065 0.420 0.850 83.509
1 17:25 1 4.46 0.224 0.500 0.850 343.049
1 19:25 1 3.04 0.329 0.520 0.850 523.421
24 hr flow 3923.05
Average flow 326.92

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-5
Hours m3/hr
Day 1 21/08/05 2 0.4514 1 8.28 0.121 0.44 0.59 112.870
22/08/05 2 0.0556 1 5.15 0.194 0.42 0.59 173.219
2 0.1389 1 4.47 0.224 0.44 0.59 209.074
2 0.2222 1 4.06 0.246 0.44 0.59 230.187
2 0.3056 1 4.05 0.247 0.43 0.59 225.511
2 0.4097 1 7.21 0.139 0.46 0.59 135.512
2 0.4931 1 4.43 0.226 0.52 0.59 249.318
2 0.5764 1 5.23 0.191 0.475 0.59 192.906
2 0.6597 1 6.28 0.159 0.488 0.59 165.050
2 0.7639 1 4.39 0.228 0.45 0.59 217.722
24 hr Flow 1,911.369
Average Flow 191.137
Day 2 22/08/05 2 0.8715 1 7.27 0.138 0.43 0.59 125.629
2 0.9549 1 4.51 0.222 0.39 0.59 183.672
23/08/05 2 0.5382 1 3.72 0.269 0.44 0.59 251.226
2 0.1215 1 7.34 0.136 0.41 0.59 118.643
2 0.2049 1 4.04 0.248 0.41 0.59 215.554
2 0.2882 1 5.56 0.180 0.42 0.59 160.446
2 0.3889 1 3.86 0.259 0.4 0.59 220.104
2 0.4722 1 5.33 0.188 0.43 0.59 171.355
2 0.5556 1 3.37 0.297 0.49 0.59 308.831
2 0.6389 1 5.73 0.175 0.43 0.59 159.393
2 0.7222 1 4.72 0.212 0.43 0.59 193.500
2 0.7882 1 3.68 0.272 0.48 0.59 277.043
24 hr flow 2,076.095
Average flow 173.008
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-6
…Continued
Hours m3/hr
Day 3 23/08/05 2 0.3889 1 6.28 0.159 0.49 0.59 165.726
2 0.4757 1 9.76 0.102 0.41 0.59 89.225
24/08/05 2 0.5139 1 8.06 0.124 0.38 0.59 100.139
2 0.1389 1 13.24 0.076 0.46 0.59 73.795
2 0.2222 1 5.88 0.170 0.43 0.59 155.327
2 0.3056 1 7.12 0.140 0.44 0.59 131.258
2 0.3889 1 19.76 0.051 0.32 0.59 34.397
2 0.4722 1 5.07 0.197 0.455 0.59 190.615
2 0.5556 1 4.13 0.242 0.47 0.59 241.714
2 0.6389 1 2.85 0.351 0.355 0.59 264.568
2 0.7222 1 5.48 0.182 0.5 0.59 193.796
2 0.8056 1 5.27 0.190 0.45 0.59 181.366
24 hr flow 1,656.201
Average flow 138.017

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-7
Hours m3/hr
Day 1 21/08/05 3 10:30 1 1.86 0.538 0.1 0.47 90.968
22/08/05 3 01:00 1 1.98 0.505 0.067 0.47 57.255
3 03:00 1 1.63 0.613 0.099 0.47 102.766
3 05:00 1 1.78 0.562 0.098 0.47 93.155
3 07:00 1 1.79 0.559 0.099 0.47 93.580
3 09:30 1 3.21 0.312 0.05 0.47 26.355
3 11:30 1 2.25 0.444 0.032 0.47 24.064
3 13:30 1 1.68 0.595 0.085 0.47 85.607
3 15:30 1 2.00 0.500 0.14 0.47 118.440
3 18:00 1 2.63 0.380 0.07 0.47 45.034
24 hr Flow 737.223
Average Flow 73.722
Day 2 22/08/05 3 20:35 1 9.09 0.110 0.040 0.470 7.446
3 22:35 1 2.85 0.351 0.050 0.470 29.684
23/08/05 3 12:35 1 3.20 0.313 0.050 0.470 26.438
3 02:35 1 2.73 0.366 0.070 0.470 43.385
3 04:35 1 2.63 0.380 0.070 0.470 45.034
3 06:35 1 3.06 0.327 0.060 0.470 33.176
3 09:05 1 2.91 0.344 0.060 0.470 34.887
3 11:05 1 3.84 0.260 0.065 0.470 28.641
3 13:05 1 2.66 0.376 0.125 0.470 79.511
3 15:05 1 2.21 0.452 0.070 0.470 53.593
3 17:05 1 2.40 0.417 0.059 0.470 41.595
3 18:35 1 2.34 0.427 0.060 0.470 43.385
24 hr flow 459.328
Average flow 38.277
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-8
…Continued
Hours m3/hr
Day 3 23/08/05 3 09:05 1 2.23 0.448 0.050 0.470 37.937
3 11:05 1 3.70 0.270 0.050 0.470 22.865
24/08/05 3 12:05 1 2.03 0.493 0.060 0.470 50.010
3 03:05 1 2.14 0.467 0.100 0.470 79.065
3 05:05 1 2.70 0.370 0.080 0.470 50.133
3 07:05 1 1.72 0.581 0.110 0.470 108.209
3 09:05 1 1.67 0.599 0.090 0.470 91.186
3 11:05 1 17.30 0.058 0.023 0.470 2.249
3 13:05 1 4.37 0.229 0.040 0.470 15.487
3 15:05 1 2.03 0.493 0.080 0.470 66.680
3 17:05 1 2.50 0.400 0.120 0.470 81.216
3 19:05 1 2.08 0.481 0.095 0.470 77.279
24 hr flow 644.380
Average flow 53.698

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-9
Hours m3/hr
Day 1 21/08/05 4 10:35 1 Dead – – 0.65 –
22/08/05 4 1:05 1 Dead – – 0.65 –
4 3:05 1 Dead – – 0.65 –
4 5:05 1 Dead – 0.65 –
4 7:05 1 12.00 0.083 0.33 0.65 64.35
4 9:35 1 15.85 0.063 0.33 0.65 48.72
4 11:05 1 4.19 0.239 0.36 0.65 201.05
4 13:05 1 34.14 0.029 0.41 0.65 28.10
4 15:35 1 3.40 0.294 0.44 0.65 302.82
4 18:05 1 4.32 0.231 0.36 0.65 197.17
24 hr Flow 842.21
Average Flow 140.37
Day 2 22/08/05 4 20:40 1 7.87 0.127 0.320 0.650 95.146
4 22:40 1 7.63 0.131 0.320 0.650 98.139
23/08/05 4 12:40 1 16.90 0.059 0.340 0.650 47.077
4 2:40 1 11.19 0.089 0.340 0.650 71.099
4 4:40 1 40.34 0.025 0.320 0.650 18.562
4 6:40 1 4.73 0.211 0.350 0.650 173.150
4 9:10 1 3.76 0.266 0.346 0.650 215.330
4 11:10 1 3.86 0.259 0.410 0.650 248.549
4 13:10 1 3.17 0.315 0.460 0.650 339.558
4 15:10 1 3.51 0.285 0.435 0.650 290.000
4 17:10 1 4.52 0.221 0.415 0.650 214.845
4 18:40 1 5.00 0.200 0.410 0.650 191.880
24 hr flow 1500.16
Average flow 125.01
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-10
…Continued
Hours m3/hr
Day 3 23/08/05 4 9:10 1 Dead – – 0.650 –
4 11:10 1 7.51 0.133 0.380 0.650 118.402
24/08/05 4 12:10 1 8.90 0.112 0.330 0.650 86.764
4 3:10 1 6.30 0.159 0.400 0.650 148.571
4 5:10 1 4.97 0.201 0.390 0.650 183.622
4 7:10 1 9.87 0.101 0.400 0.650 94.833
4 9:10 1 3.37 0.297 0.395 0.650 274.273
4 11:10 1 4.36 0.229 0.415 0.650 222.729
4 13:10 1 4.02 0.249 0.430 0.650 250.299
4 15:10 1 5.20 0.192 0.375 0.650 168.750
4 17:10 1 3.56 0.281 0.460 0.650 302.360
4 19:10 1 6.09 0.164 0.520 0.650 199.803
24 hr flow 2,050.41
Average flow 170.87

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-11
Days Date Clock Time The Measured Head over the Weir Volumetric Flow Rate
(hour) (meter) (m3/hr)
Day 1 21/08/05 19:30 0.45 675.29
22/08/05 22:30 0.44 637.99
01:00 0.41 550.24
03:00 0.42 584.41
05:00 0.43 619.81
07:00 0.43 601.95
09:30 0.50 903.68
11:30 0.51 949.55
13:30 0.52 996.78
15:30 0.55 1,146.83
18:00 0.49 859.17
24 hour Average Flow 775.06
Day 2 22/08/05 20:30 0.48 816.01
22:30 0.45 694.42
23/08/05 00:30 0.45 694.42
02:30 0.46 733.64
04:30 0.46 733.64
06:30 0.47 774.17
09:00 0.49 837.42
11:00 0.48 816.01
13:00 0.55 1,146.83
15:00 0.54 1,095.41
17:00 0.54 1,095.41
18:30 0.53 1,045.40
24 hour Average Flow 873.56
Day 3 23/08/05 09:00 0.56 1,199.67
11:00 0.50 903.68
24/08/05 01:00 0.47 774.17
03:00 0.53 1,045.40
05:00 0.53 1,045.40
07:00 0.52 996.78
09:00 0.47 774.17
11:00 0.53 1,070.23
13:00 0.55 1,146.83
15:00 0.47 794.92
17:00 0.58 1,309.67
19:00 0.59 1,366.85
24 hour Average Flow 1,035.65

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-12
Exhibit B.7: Key Pollutants Analyzed in Main Drain Sample and

Recommended Design Basis
Parameters Units Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Weighted Maximum Recommended NEQS

Average Design
Parameters
TDS mg/l 1,088 1,423 1,468 1,343 1,468 1,500 3,500
TSS mg/l 371 750 474 532 750 750 200
COD mg/l 756 868 779 800 868 1,500 150
BOD mg/l 212 97 742 381 742 750 80
Oil & mg/l <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 10 10
Grease
Sulphides mg/l 3.22 <0.5 <0.5 – 3.22 4 1
Phosphates mg/l 3.03 2.87 0.69 2.07 3.03 4 –
Kj-Nitrogen mg/l 18.48 12.88 13.44 15 18.48 20 –
Chromium mg/l 0.15 0.27 0.15 0.19 0.27 10 1
Lead mg/l <4.4x10-3 <4.4x10-3 <4.4x10-3 <4.4x10-3 <4.4x10-3 0.5
-4 -4 -4 -4 -4
Cadmium mg/l <1.0x10 <1.0x10 <1.0x10 <1.0x10 <1.0x10 0.1
pH 7.2 7 7.5 7.3 7.5 7.5 6-9
Flow Rate m3/day 18,602 20,591 24,856 – 24,856 – –
– Not Available

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-13
Exhibit B.8: Analysis of BOD and COD Results
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Maximum Weighted

Average
COD
Drain 1 1,591 857 810 1,591 1,361
Drain 2 299 294 198 299
Drain 3 1,342 1,586 923 1,586
Drain 4 1,970 1,084 1,277 1,970
BOD
Drain 1 467 199 785 785 675
Drain 2 62 75 123 123
Drain 3 285 317 850 850
Drain 4 662 209 997 997
Flow
Drain 1 4,320 4,366 3,923 – 4,203
Drain 2 1,911 2,076 1,656 – 1,881
Drain 3 737 453 644 – 611
Drain 4 842 1,500 2,050 – 1,464
BOD/COD Ratio
Drain 1 0.29 0.23 0.97 – –
Drain 2 0.21 0.26 0.62 – –
Drain 3 0.21 0.20 0.92 – –
Drain 4 0.34 0.19 0.78 – –
Main Drain
BOD 212 97 742 742 381
COD 756 868 779 868 801
Flow 18,602 20,591 24,856 – –

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 B-14
Appendix C: Floral and Fauna of the Project Area
This appendix presents the baseline data collected on the floral and faunal resources of
the study area. The plant species recorded during the study have been arranged in terms
of family. The life form and status of each species in the project area is also given in
Exhibit C.1. The reported Mammals, Birds, and amphibian species have been arranged
by their taxonomic name. Species are listed under their common and scientific names in
Exhibits C2-C4.
Exhibit C.1: Plants of the Project Area
Species Name Family Name Life Form Life Span

Accacia nilotica Mimosaceae Tree Perennial
Albezia lebbek Mimosaceae Tree Perennial
Dalbergia sisso Papilionaceae Tree Perennial
Ficus indica Moraceae Tree Perennial
Ficus religiosa Moraceae Tree Perennial
Euclyptus camaldensis Papilionaceae Tree Perennial
Magnifera indica Anacardiacea Tree Perennial
Melia indica Mimosaceae Tree Perennial
Morus alba Moraceae Tree Perennial
Phoenix dectylifera. Palmae Tree Perennial
Prosopis juliflora Mimosaceae Tree Perennial
Prosopis glandulosa Mimosaceae Tree Perennial
Ziziphus jajuba Rhamnaceae Tree Perennial
Calotropis procera. Asclepiadaceae Shrub Perennial
Capparis decidua Capparidaceae Shrub Perennial
Sueda sp. Chenopodiaceae Shrub Semi-Perennial
Heliotropism strigosum Boraginaceae Shrub Semi-Perennial
Aerva javanica Amaranthaceae Sub-Shrub Perennial
Alhagi maurorum Papilionaceae Sub-Shrub Perennial
Paganum harmala Zygophyllaceae Bushy Sub-Shrub Annual
Cuscuta reflexa Asclepiadaceae Herb Perennial
Typha domingensis Palmae Herb Perennial
Tribulus terrestris Zygophyllaceae Herb Annual
Cyperus sp. Cyperaceae Sedge Perennial
Ochthochloa compressa Poaceae Grass Perennial
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix C

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 C-15
Exhibit C.2: Mammals Found in Project Area
Order and Family Common Name Scientific Name Observed Reported

Insectivora
Erinaceidae Indian hedgehog Paraechinus micropus 9
Carnivora
Canidae Asiatic jackal Canis aureus 9 9
Canidae Bengal fox Vulpes begalensis 9
Rodentia
Sciuridae Five striped palm squirrel Funambulus pennanti 9 9
Hystricidae Indian crested porcupine Hystrix indica 9 9
Muridae Black (roof, house) rat Rattus rattus 9
Muridae House mouse Mus musculus 9 9
Muridae Balochistan gerbil Gerbillus nanus 9 9
Muridae Indian gerbil Tatera indica 9 9
Muridae Indian desert jird Meriones hurrianae 9 9
Exhibit C.3: Amphibians Found in Project Area
Common Name Scientific Name Observed Reported
Ranidae
Indian burrowing frog Rana breviceps 9
Skittering frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis 9
Bufonidae
Marbled toad Bufo stomaticus 9

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 C-16
Exhibit C.4: Birds Found in Project Area

Phasianidae
Common quail Coturnix coturnix 9 9
Coraciidae
Indian roller Coracias benghalensis 9 9
Dacelonidae
Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis 9 9
Meropidae
Green (little green) bee-eater Merops orientalis 9 9
Blue cheeched bee eater Merops superciliosus 9 9
Caprimulgidae
Little (Indian) nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus 9
Columbidae
Laughing dove (little brown dove) Streptopelia senegalensis 9 9
Eurasian (Indian) collared dove Streptopelia decaocto 9
Scolopacidae
Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 9
Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 9
Ardeidae
Little egret Egretta garzetta 9 9
Grey heron Ardea cinerea 9
Great egret Casmerodius albus 9
Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis 9
Indian pond-heron Ardeola grayii 9 9
Corvidae
House crow Corvus splendens 9 9
Muscicapidae
Indian robin Saxicoloides fulicata 9
Sturnidae
Rosy starling (rosy pastor) Sturnus roseus 9 9
Common myna Acridotheres tristis 9 9
Pycnonotidae
White-cheeked (Himalayan) bulbul Pycnonotus leucogenys 9 9
Continues…

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 C-17
…Continued

Sylviidae
Desert Warbler Sylvia nana 9 9
Common babbler Turdoides caudatus 9 9
Alaudidae
Desert lark (desert finch-lark) Ammomanes deserti 9
Passeridae
House sparrow Passer domesticus 9 9
Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava 9
Turdidae
Hooded wheatear Oenanthe monacha 9
Fringillidae
House martin Delichon urbica 9
Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus 9

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 C-18
Appendix D: Construction Noise Analysis
Construction equipment operates under two primary modes - mobile and stationary.
Mobile equipment such as dozers, scrapers, and graders, operate in a cyclic fashion in
which a period of full power is followed by a period of reduced power. Stationary
equipment can be subdivided into two groups. One group that contains such items as
pumps, generators, and compressors, generally operates at a fixed power and produces a
fairly constant sound level under normal operation. The other group contains impact
equipment such as pile drivers, jackhammers, and pavement breakers. Exhibit D.1
shows typical idealized graphs of instantaneous sound levels as a function of time under
field operating conditions for each group. This figure also indicates that the variations in
sound levels are actually a function of the work cycle.
Data on equipment sound levels were obtained by review of current technical publication.
Information on equipment sound levels being published in technical publications are peak
values and were adjusted to account for the variations in sound levels over the work
cycle. These values are converted to Leq (h) for use in the assessment, as follows (see
Exhibit D.2):
⎡ t 10 Lm / 10 + t b 10 Lb / 10 ⎤
Leq (h) = 10 log ⎢ a ⎥
⎣ T ⎦
Where:
Leq (h) is the A-weighted equivalent sound level assuming that the work cycle is
repeated continuously over a one-hour period.
ta is the time spent at the maximum level (Lm) during the work cycle.
Lm is the maximum sound level.
Lb is the reduced sound level of the work cycle.
tb is the time spent at the reduced sound level.
T = ta + tb and represents the work cycle time.
In this assessment, Lm is assumed to be equal to Lb for stationary equipment and ta is
assumed to be equal to tb for mobile equipment.
Leq (equipment) = Leq (h) + 10 log U.F.-k log D/Do (3-1)
Where:
Leq (equipment) is the A-weighted, equivalent sound level at a receptor resulting
from the operation of a single piece of equipment over some time period.
Leq (h) is the noise emission level of the particular piece of equipment based on its
work cycle.
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix D

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 D-1
k is a constant that accounts for topography and geometric spreading. In this

assessment topographic factors are ignored thus k = 20.
D is the distance from the receptor to the piece of equipment.
Do is the reference distance at which the noise emission level was measured from
the piece of equipment (= 15.2 m in this assessment).
U.F. is a usage factor that accounts for the percent time that the equipment is in
use over the time period. For an 8-hr work shift, U.F. = tw/8, where tw is the time
in hours for which the equipment has remained operational.
Our primary interest lies in the overall construction noise level produced by the
simultaneous operation of several pieces of equipment. The overall construction noise
level at some point is simply the sum (on an energy basis) of the individual contributions
of each piece of equipment. Mathematically, the overall construction noise level at some
point is expressed as:
n
Leq (h) site = 10 log ∑10
Leq ( equipment ) / 10
i =1
Where:
Leq equipment is defined earlier.
Leq (h) site is the A-weighted, overall equivalent construction noise sound level
obtained by summing the individual equipment noise levels on an energy basis.
n is the number of pieces of equipment included in the summation.
Sample calculations for Leq (equipment) for the receptor at 700 m are shown in
Exhibit D.3.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 D-2
Exhibit D.1: Sound Level Versus Time for Construction Equipment

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 D-3
Exhibit D.2: Sound Level Versus Time at 15.2 m
Exhibit D.3: Sample Calculations for Leq (equipment) for the Receptor at 700 m
Equipment Noise Peak Minimum Leq Leq (1 hr) Usage Leq (8 hrs)
Range Sound Sound (1 hr) at Equipment in 8 hrs Equipment
Level in a Level in a 15.2 m at (tw) at
Work Cycle Work Receptor Receptor
(Lm) cycle (Lb)
Batching plant 82-86 84.0 84.0 84.0 50.7 6 49.5
Concrete mixers 76-86 85.0 85.0 85.0 51.7 6 50.5
Cranes 70-94 83.0 73.0 80.4 47.1 2 41.1
Excavators 74-92 85.0 75.0 82.4 49.1 4 46.1
Tractors and trolleys 77-94 88.0 88.0 88.0 54.7 2 48.7
Water bowsers 85-93 88.0 88.0 88.0 54.7 2 48.7
Graders 72-92 85.0 75.0 82.4 49.1 4 46.1
Bulldozers 65-95 80.0 70.0 77.4 44.1 4 41.1
Paver 87-89 88.0 78.0 85.4 52.1 4 49.1
Pumps 68-72 76.0 76.0 76.0 42.7 6 41.5
Diesel generators 72-82 78.0 78.0 78.0 44.7 8 44.7
Vibrators 68-82 76.0 66.0 73.4 40.1 4 37.1
Drilling machines 82-98 90.0 80.0 87.4 54.1 2 48.1
Compressors 74-84 81.0 81.0 81.0 47.7 4 44.7
Dumpers 77-96 88.0 78.0 85.4 52.1 2 46.1
Road rollers 73-77 75.0 65.0 72.4 39.1 4 36.1

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 D-4
Appendix E: Emission Data for Power Generators
Emission data for 8 diesel power generators are shown Exhibit E.1. The power rating of
the generators ranges from 620 kW to 2,000 kW. The data sources are the following:
D Generac Power Systems, Inc.
(www.generac.com/industrial/products/standby_power_spec.asp)
D Integrated Power Systems International, Inc. (www.ipsi.net/rd_series/1000rd.htm
and www.issi.net/rd_series/780rd.htm)
D SDMO Industries (www.gensetcentral.com/detroit-diesel.html)
In the exhibit, the following information is calculated from the data provided by the
manufacturers:
D Sulfur dioxide emission has been calculated from fuel consumption data,
assuming 1% sulfur content in fuel by weight, and fuel specific gravity of 0.84.
D Exhaust flow rate in normal cubic meter is calculated from the flow rate and
temperature data
D Pollutant emission rate in grams per second and milligram per normal cubic meter
is calculated from the reported emission data.
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 E-1
Exhibit E.1: Emission Data for Selected Diesel Power Generators
Make IPSI IPSI Generac Generac SDMO SDMO SDMO SDMO

Model 1,000 kW 780 kW SD600 SD750 XS1500U XS2000U XS650U XS910U
Rating (Standby Mode) kW 921 690 620 750 1,500 2,000 650 910
Exhaust diameter in 8.35 8.35 11.31 10.00
m 0.212 0.212 0.287 0.254
Exhaust flow rate cfm 7,731 5,932 5,107 5,280 10,595 13,986 5,467 7,353
3
m /s 3.649 2.800 2.410 2.492 5.000 6.601 2.580 3.470
Nm3/s 1.218 1.057 0.673 0.901 1.999 2.739 0.911 1.180
Exhaust temperature °F 1,013 842 1,300 900 770 725 932 986
°C 545 450 704 482 410 385 500 530
Fuel consumption at 100% load US Gal/h 68.9 48.9 37 47.9 95.1 126.8 46 61.8
l/h 260.9 185.1 140.1 181.4 360.1 480.1 174.2 234.0
Carbon monoxide emissions g/bhp-h 0.40 0.40 1.20 0.86 0.60 0.65
g/s 0.14 0.10 0.67 0.64 0.15 0.22
3
mg/Nm 112.65 97.22 335.35 233.86 159.37 186.68
Nitrogen oxides emissions g/bhp-h 6.30 6.30 15.30 11.26 8.36 8.65
g/s 2.16 1.62 8.55 8.39 2.02 2.93
3
mg/Nm 1,774.27 1,531.19 4,275.68 3,061.99 2,220.51 2,484.34
Particulate matter emissions g/bhp-h 0.20 0.20
g/s 0.07 0.05
3
mg/Nm 56.33 48.61
Sulfur oxides emissions g/s 1.22 0.86 0.65 0.85 1.68 2.24 0.81 1.09
3
mg/Nm 999.76 817.34 971.15 939.58 840.73 818.11 891.96 925.55
Note: Blank cell indicates that the parameter was not reported in the source. See text for data sources.
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix E

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 E-2
Appendix F: Compensation Plan
As described in the main report, the proposed project will not involve the acquisition of
private land, therefore a resettlement plan for the project is not required. However,
project activities may result in temporary disruption and short-term loss of income for
people running squatter businesses along roadsides. ADB policy on compensation states
that all such affected persons must be compensated for lost income and any expenses they
may incur due to project activities (e.g., money spent on shifting infrastructure). When
the CETP project is being implemented, all such cases will be dealt with according to the
plan given below.
F.1 Entitlement
Category of Entitled Persons Entitlement Additional Facilities

Squatter-owner/business D Compensation for lost D Any machinery (eg,
operator income due to temporary crane) required for shifting
disruption of business business will be provided
D Compensation for business by project proponent
infrastructure that is D If the area is disturbed in
damaged/will require any way (eg, due to
rebuilding earthwork), it will be
D Compensation for restored to allow the
expenses incurred due to resumption of business
shifting of business (e.g.,
hired labor)
Absentee squatter- D Compensation for business D Any machinery (eg,
owner/business operator infrastructure that is crane) required for shifting
damaged/will require business will be provided
rebuilding by project proponent
D Compensation for D If the area is disturbed in
expenses incurred due to any way (eg, due to
shifting of business (e.g., earthwork), it will be
hired labor) restored to allow the
resumption of business
Squatter employee D Compensation for salary D None
lost due to disruption of
business
Hagler Bailly Pakistan Appendix F

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 F-1
F.2 Procedure
Step Action When Responsibility

1. Survey of affected roads/streets for Over two weeks prior to Project
identification of businesses that may commencement of implementation
be affected by drain rehabilitation/construction consultant
rehabilitation/construction activities. activities
In addition to identification of affected
businesses, the surveyors will:
Inform business owners of the
impending work
Inform business owners if they are
required to shift
In consultation with business owners,
assess the daily income of affected
businesses, and estimate the total
income that will be lost due to the
project
List the employees at each business
and record their daily/monthly wages.
Estimate their total income that will
be lost due to the project
Estimate the cost that will be incurred
in shifting business, and any
assistance that may be required
2. Compensate squatter- At least two weeks prior to Project proponent,
owners/business operators and commencement of monitored by
employees (separately) in cash for rehabilitation/construction project
estimated lost income activities implementation
consultant
3. Monitor the drain Throughout drain Project
rehabilitation/construction work to rehabilitation/ construction implementation
ensure that affected businesses are consultant
not disrupted for longer than
estimated
4. Pay additional compensation to Within two weeks of Project proponent,
businesses and employees in cases completion of work on that monitored by
where disruption was longer than road/street project
expected (based on the number of implementation
additional days) consultant

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 F-2
F.3 Documentation
The project implementation consultant will maintain the following documentation during
the compensation procedure:
Documentation Signatures Required
List of affected businesses on each road/street Project implementation consultant
Photographs of each affected business, before N/A
the project
Statements of estimated income loss for each Business owner
business Project implementation consultant
Statements of estimated income loss for each Employees
employee Project implementation consultant
Statements of compensation received by Business owner
business owners Project implementation consultant
Project proponent
Statements of compensation received by Employees
employees Project implementation consultant
Project proponent
Statements of any additional compensation Business owner
received by business owners Project implementation consultant
Project proponent
Statements of any additional compensation Employees
received by employees Project implementation consultant
Project proponent
Photographs of each affected business, after N/A
the project
F.4 Monitoring
Monitoring of the compensation procedure will be carried out internally by the project
proponent and project implementation consultant, and independently by the PEPD.

R7EV3EMI: 10/31/07 F-3

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Environmental Impact Assessment

Environmental Management Services for MIE Phase I and II

6. Project Impacts and Mitigation

6.1 Impact Assessment Methodology

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

d. Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or

6.2 Impacts Associated with Construction Activities

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

is used that de-emphasizes certain frequencies in a manner corresponding to the

Criteria for Determining Significance

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Residual Risk and Monitoring Requirements

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Criteria for Determining Significance

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

3. Appropriate control technologies will be employed to minimize dust emission from

Residual Risk and Monitoring Requirements

6.2.3 Waste Management

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Criteria for Determining Significance

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

D Exposure of waste collectors and municipal administration to potentially

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Residual Risk and Monitoring Requirements

6.2.4 General Environmental Guidelines for Construction

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

6.3 Impacts Associated with Operation Phase

Criteria for Determining Significance

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Residual Impact and Monitoring Requirements

6.3.2 Sludge Handling and Disposal

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Criteria for Determining Significance

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Residual Risk and Monitoring Requirements

6.3.3 Accidental Release of Untreated or Partially Treated Effluent

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Residual Risk and Monitoring Requirements

6.3.4 Water Use

6.3.5 Solid Waste

6.4 Decomissioning Phase

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

6.5 Socioeconomic Impacts

6.5.1 Influx of Outsiders

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

6.5.2 Public Safety During Construction

6.6 Environmental Benefits

6.6.1 Improvement in Water Quality

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

6.7 Overall Compliance of the project to the National Environmental

Exhibit 6.1: World Bank Recommended Noise Levels

Specific Environment Maximum Allowable Log Equivalent

Specific Environment LAeq Averaging LAmax,

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Exhibit 6.3: Construction Equipment Noise Ranges (dBA)

Equipment Peak Noise Typical Peak Typical Construction Phase

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation

Exhibit 6.4: Predicted Noise Level for Construction Equipment (dBA)

Equipment Equivalent Noise Level in an 8-hr Shift at

Exhibit 6.5: Noise Levels at Receptor under Various Activity Levels

Equipment Number of Equipment Employed

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Project Impacts and Mitigation