IWE Project

Group 3:
Åsmund Børve
Mergim Tahiraj
Arif Hariyadi
Martin Vevstad

Supervisor
Tor John Rødsås

This project is carried out as a part of the education at the University of Agder and is therefore approved as a
part of this education. However, this does not imply that the University answers for the methods that are used
or the conclusions that are drawn.

University of Agder, 2019

Faculty of Engineering and Science
Department of Engineering Sciences
Contents

1 Task A1 1
1.1 a) Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Method 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 Method 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 b) Welding groove selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 c) Weld method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 d) Welding sequence and the welding direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Task A2 7
2.1 Required materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.1 Mounting sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2.2 Welding sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Weld methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Weld grooves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.5 VT and NDT inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.6 NDT personnel requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3 Task A3 9
3.1 Weldability of materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Welding consumable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Welding procedure and CTOD testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.4 WPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.5 NDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.6 Mechanical testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

4 Process Piping 10
4.1 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
4.2 Applied standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4 Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5 Welding procedure test (According to ISO 15614) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.1 Test piece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.2 Examination and testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.5.3 Location and taking of test specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5.4 Non-destructive testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5.5 Destructive testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5.6 Acceptance levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.5.7 Re-Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5 Processing Piping 1 15
5.1 Welding parameters and consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
5.2 Required qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.3 pWPS material 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.4 Range qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
5.4.1 Parent material grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.2 Material thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.3 Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.4 Welding process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.5 Welding position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.6 Type of joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.7 Filler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.8 Filler material size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.9 Type of current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.10 Heat input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.11 Preheat temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.12 Interpas temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.13 Post heating for hydrogen release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
5.4.14 Heat-treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

6 Processing pipe 2 23
6.1 Welding parameters and consumables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6.2 Required qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
6.3 pWPS material 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4 Range qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.1 Parent material grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.2 Material thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.3 Diameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.4 Welding process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.5 Welding position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.6 Type of joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.7 Filler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.8 Filler material size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.9 Type of current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.10 Heat input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.11 Preheat temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.12 Interpas temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.13 Post heating for hydrogen release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
6.4.14 Heat-treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

7 Appendices 28
Chapter 1

Task A1

1.1 a) Sketches
In this task, there will be welded 5 steel plates with dimensions 3.02 m x 12 m in a deck panel
with dimensions 10 m x 16 m. Two methods will be investigated such that the weld will be as
efficient and in the most economic way as possible. This investigation was done by designing
plates in SOLIDWORKS.

1.1.1 Method 1

Figure 1.1: SOLIDWORKS drawing of method 1

Shown in Fig. 1.1 is a sketch of the first method investigated. The red plates are the cuttings
of the fifth plate, which have been cutted in such a manner that the empty places were to fit.
In this case, there was a total waste of:
• A plate with dimensions 1.1 m x 12 m
• A plate with dimensions 2.0 m x 3.02 m
• A plate with dimensions 2.0 m x 0.98 m

1
1.1.2 Method 2
Here another strategy was used and it can be shown in Fig. 1.2.

Figure 1.2: SOLIDWORKS drawing of method 2

This method proved to be very inefficient and more waste was presented. The blue plate
indicates the empty place in the deck panel. To fill in the blue spot, there was necessary to cut
4 of the plates in a dimension 0.9 m x 3.02 m. The cutting was done in the length direction in
order of wasting as minimal as possible.

3.02 m · x = 10 m
⇓
x = 3.31 (1.1)

Eq. 1.1 shows that cutting the excess plate in the length direction, there is needed 3 plates
with dimensions 0.9 m x 3.02 m and in addition a small plate with dimension 0.94 m x 0.9 m to
fill the blue spot. In this method, there was a total waste of:
• 3 plates with dimensions 1.1 m x 3.02 m

• 1 plate with dimensions 1.06 m x 3.02 m

• 1 plate with dimensions 2.0 m x 3.02 m

To conclude to what is the best method, one can clearly see that choosing Method 2 will be
more work for the welder, because of cutting more pieces. More work means increased cost.
However, in Method 1 the cutting is minimized by only cutting three times.

1.2 b) Welding groove selection

In this task, the cross-sectional area (CSA), weight and the transverse shrinkage is to be con-
sidered when choosing a suitable welding groove. All of the plates have a thickness of 20 mm.

2
V-groove will create bigger angular distortions and therefore welding with a X-groove is pre-
ferred. Welding with a X-groove from both sides of the deck panel will lead to less welding area
(CSA), less residual stresses and less deformations.

Figure 1.3: Screenshot of the V-groove, from the software "Standard grooves"

Fig. 1.3 shows that the total CSA of the weld is 248 mm2 , the weight is 1.9 kg and the transverse
shkrinkage is 2.7 mm.

Figure 1.4: Screenshot of the X-groove, from the software "Standard grooves"

However, Fig. 1.4 shows that all the parameters are less than in the V-groove. In addition, this
indicates that this type of weld groove is more beneficial regarding economics. The more weld
is needed, the more expensive the work will become. As a conclusion, an X-groove will be a
sufficient choice for this task.

1.3 c) Weld method

A welding method is to be chosen in this task. Now that it is determined to use a X-groove,
standards and knowledge about the different welding methods can be used to determine what

3
welding method to use. A sufficient welding method is crucial in order of satisfying some needs
which are desired, which are:

• Desire quick welding

• Desire the least possible deformations

• Desire high quality and least risk of welding failure

The deck panel can be turned and welded from both sides. This makes it easier to weld and
gives more opportunities. The following methods are to be considered:

• 111 SMAW

• 141 TIG

• 121 SAW

By using both the lecture slides from Canvas made by Tor John Rødsås and an article written
by AT&F BLOG, the benefits and applications of each method will be investigated. [1]

1. SAW-Submerged Arc Welding welds a joint using an electric arc smothered under a bed
of flux. This process, mostly automated, uses a slowly fed filler wire fed along the joint
beneath the flux.; High quality welds are yielded thanks to the flux coating the arc and
wire; the risk of splatter is negated by the great presence of flux.

(a) Heavy plate fabrication

(b) Pressure vessels and tanks, sub-assemblies, nuclear reactors

2. GMAW-Gas Metal Arc Welding is more commonly known as MIG Welding. MIG stands
for Metal Inert Gas. A consumable wire is fed automatically through a gun; simultaneous
argon gas acts as a shielding agent.

(a) Repairs and rebuilding

(b) Pipes

3. GTAW - Gas Tungsten Arc Welding is more commonly known as TIG Welding. The most
precise and time consuming method, TIG welders feed wire by hand into an arc generated
by a non-consumable tungsten electrode housed in an argon dispensing gun, like MIG.
The tungsten allow electrode does not melt under high heat, which facilitates the precision
of a handfed wire. Due to the nature of handfeeding, this method requires a high level of
skill and is applied only to special circumstances.

(a) Stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, copper alloy products

(b) Aerospace industry
(c) Piping applications

4. SMAW - Shielded Metal Arc Welding is more commonly known as stick welding. SMAW
is the most widely used method. A consumable electrode in the form of a stick is covered
in flux to create an arc and melt filler between workpieces; ultimately fusing the two
together.

(a) Construction

4
 (b) Pressure vessels, tanks, boilers, ships

Of course all of these methods have advantages and disadvantages. The applications of many
of these methods overlap, and it is up to the designers or engineers to conclude what method
to use. For this task, the group decided that the SAW method was to be used. Its application
is very often used regarding plate fabrications. Fig. 1.5 shows SAW welding in operation.

Figure 1.5: Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

1.4 d) Welding sequence and the welding direction

When the weld order is decided, the main consideration is the deformation and stress due to
thermal expansion. To mitigate these effects, it is desirable that the material is free to expand
and contract as freely as possible. To achieve this plates are first welded together in pairs. This
will only restrict deformation along one axis at a time. These larger plates are then welded
together. This again lead to restriction of only axis, and same again for the last weld.The
complete weld order is:

• Weld plate 5 and 6 horizontally from the top. Then flip over and weld backside in opposite
direction.

• Weld plate 3 and 4 horizontally from the top. Then flip over and weld backside in opposite
direction.

• Weld plate 1 and 2 horizontally from the top. Then flip over and weld backside in opposite
direction.

• Weld plate 4 and 5 horizontally from the top. Then flip over and weld backside in opposite
direction.

• Weld plate 2 to plates 3, 4, 5, and 6 horizontally from the top. Then flip over and weld
backside in opposite direction.

5
Figure 1.6: Weld order

6
Chapter 2

Task A2

2.1 Required materials

Plate materials Dimensions thickness position numbers

Base-plate dim 45mm bottom 1
Top-plate dim 50mm top 1
Webbing dim 35mm Center 1
Large vertical plate dim 35mm North 1
Small vertical plate dim 35mm North/South 7
Horizontal plate center short dim 35mm North/South 2
Horizontal plate center long dim 35mm North/South 2
Horizontal plate end 1 dim 35mm North/South 2

Table 2.1: materials list

2.2 Sequence
2.2.1 Mounting sequence
Starting with the base plate. The webbing is attached on top of this. Next comes the top
plate on top of the webbing. The vertical members are attached next starting with the larger
member. Tack welding should be considered. Lastly the horizontal members are attached.

• Lay down the base-plate.

• Mount webbing.
• Weld Webbing to base-plat(both sides)
• Mount top-plate.
• Weld top-plate to webbing (both sides)
• Mount vertical members with tack-welding.
• Weld vertical members to webbing, base-plate and top-plate.
• Mount horizontal members with tack-welding.
• Weld horizontal members with Webbing and vertical members.

7
2.2.2 Welding sequence
First weld the webbing to the base plate on all sides
• Weld Webbing to base-plate form both sides. The welds should start from opposite ends
of the webbing.
• Weld webbing to top-plate from both sides. The welds should start from opposite ends of
the webbing.
• Weld larger vertical member. First along webbing from bottom up (both sides), Then
along base-plate. Lastly along top-plate.
• Weld vertical member opposing large vertical member. First along webbing from bottom
up (both sides), then base-plate (both sides).
• Weld vertical member.

2.3 Weld methods

The welds will have to be done in several different positions and it would be preferable to chose a
method that can accommodate these positions. A short setup time is also ideal. For this reason
either MIG/MAG or flucxcore welding is considered. These methods have a short preparation
time before welds, and can accommodated the positions that we may require. We need to see
if we need more than one welding specification as there are plates of different thicknesses.

We should go for flux core welding. Should also compare to MIG/MAG with wire. SMAW would
be hard to set up, and stick welding would be very inefficient. TIG would be very expensive.

2.4 Weld grooves

Several of the weld grooves has been specified in the detail drawing, and these will be used.
If there are plates that does not have a specified groove. It also has to be considered if a full
penetration weld is required on all welds or not.

Define what standard we are using. The welds for all the grooves has to be specified. We have
to decide on fullpenetration welds or not. Fillet welds might not be desired.

2.5 VT and NDT inspection

What kind of inspections should be performed for for this node.
I’m guessing this has to be at least visual inspection. Next I would guess we should do magnetic
testing followed by potentially ultrasonic testing. We have to refer to the standard and see what
it requres. I’t migh not require all of these.

2.6 NDT personnel requirements

What are the requirements for the personnel performing the NDT.
I guess there are requirement for each of the different ND-methods. What certification does
the personnel require for each of the different methods. Is a supervisor required? Can we ues
existing standards for tests, or doees a new one have to be added.

8
Chapter 3

Task A3

3.1 Weldability of materials

How easy is it too weld with these materials?

3.2 Welding consumable

What is the welding consumable we want too use with the various materials.

3.3 Welding procedure and CTOD testing

Defining the procedures and testing needed.

3.4 WPS
Use a standard template and fill in required files. There should be one WPS for every procedure
that needs too be qualified.

3.5 NDT
Set requirements for NDT for each qualification. Type and scope. Check the standard to see
what methods are required and what percentage of the part needs to be inspected.

3.6 Mechanical testing

What mechanincal tests need to be performed for. Guess is mostly required for approving the
Weld specification.

9
Chapter 4

Process Piping

In this chapter the requirements for the materials A106 B and AISI4130 will be described with
important constraints regarding the manufacturing of these pipes.

4.1 Description
You are awarded a subcontract for an offshore platform; your pipe shop shall prefabricate pipe
spools in the materials: Carbon steel and AISI 4130. You get stated that in each spec. class
there is about 800-1200 welds. All pipe wall thicknesses (wt) in the following specification
classes shall be welded.

Material certificates for the pipe can be found in Appendix 2b. The materials are purchased
according to the NORSOK M630 latest edition.

In the workshop you have welding equipment for electrodes, TIG, TIG machine, MIG/MAG
(manual and automatic) and SAW (submerged arc welding), you also have available welding
gantry and turning tables to rotate the pipes where this is possible. We can expect that about
60% of the pipes are possible to rotate.

Production should satisfy the requirements of the NORSOK M-601 latest edition which is the
current specification of the project.

On the basis of the above mentioned information you shall suggest the number of required
welding procedure qualifiers to cover this welding operation. In order to get the most efficient
production, mechanized welding shall be performed where possible.

As stated in the task, it is possible to weld 60 % of the pipes in one position, PA, while the
remaining 40 % will be qualified for both manual welding and automated orbital welding, since
no information regarding accessibility or required welding positions are stated.

Important parameters:
• Automated welding, 60%
• Manual welding, 40%
• Number of welds per. material, 800-1200
• MIG/MAG, TIG and SAW

10
4.2 Applied standard
There are several standards applied in this project:

• NORSOK M-601:2016 Welding and Inspection

• NORSOK M-630 Material data sheets and element data sheets for piping.

• ISO 15614-1 Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials -
Welding procedure test - Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel
and nickel alloys

• ISO/TR 15608 Welding â” Guidelines for a metallic materials grouping system

• ISO 14341 Welding consumables â” Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded
metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels â” Classification

• ISO 15156-1 Petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries â” Materials for use in
H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production

4.3 Materials
Classification and requirements of the materials A106 B and AISI 4130 are listed in the folowing
table:

Material (Company Parent Reference MDT Class / Yield

spec. / Spec. / Material Max. Pres- strength,[MPa]
MDS) Group sure
1. BC211/A106 1.2 ISO −29◦ C 300 / 49.5 296.80
B/C01** 15608/App2bp11 bar
2. 5.1 ISO −20◦ C API 7500 / 586.40
KX75/AISI4130/X01 15608/App2bp5 543 bar
*MDS based on NORSOK standard M-630.
*Material grouping basedon ISO 15608.
*MDT= Minimum design temperature.
*Yield strength based on the material certificate.
**Sour Service Conditions.

Figure 4.1: Pipe dimension covered in the fabrication

According to the minimum design temperature and of the material is larger then 6 mm, impact
testing is required for both material (type and extend of testing level 2).

11
4.4 Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS)
According to the requirement as many as x pWPS is needed for material 1 and x pWPS for
material 2, which will be detailed in the next chapter.

4.5 Welding procedure test (According to ISO 15614)

4.5.1 Test piece
The test piece for the butt joint in pipe with full penetration, the test piece is shown in figure
4.2.

Figure 4.2: Test piece for a butt joint in pipe with full penetration

4.5.2 Examination and testing

Type and the extent of testing is in accordance with the requirements are:

• Visual testing 100 %

• Radiographic or ultrasonic testing 100 %

• Surface crack detection 100 %

• Transverse tensile test, 2 specimens

• Transverse bend test, 4 specimens

• Impact test, 2 sets

• Hardness test

• Macroscopic examination, 1 specimen

12
4.5.3 Location and taking of test specimens

The specimens are taken from the pipe in the location as describe in figure 4.3.

Figure 4.3: Location of test specimens for a butt joint in pipe

4.5.4 Non-destructive testing

All non-destructive testing shall be carried out after PWHT (if required) and accepted on the
test pieces.
The NDT shall be carried out in accordance in accordance with ISO 17637 (visual testing) ,
ISO 17636-1 or ISO 17636-2 (radiographic testing) , ISO 17640 (ultrasonic testing) , ISO 3452-1
(penetrant testing) and ISO 17638 (magnetic particle testing).

13
4.5.5 Destructive testing
Transverse tensile test
Bend test
Macroscopic examination
Impact testing
Hardness testing

4.5.6 Acceptance levels

4.5.7 Re-Testing

14
Chapter 5

Processing Piping 1

5.1 Welding parameters and consumables

The consumables are chosen based on esabs quick guide for selection of welding consumable and
then checked with Schaeffler de Long program for matching of chemical compositions. A106 B:
MIG wire: OK AristoRod 12.50, TIG electrode: OK TigRod 12.64

A106 B
Welding Process Consumable ISO Qualification
MIG, 131 OK AristoRod 12.50 CAN/CSA-ISO 14341:B-G 49A 3 C1 S6,
EN ISO 14341-A:G 3Si1
TIG, 141 OK TigRod 12.64 EN ISO 636-A:W4Si1

15
Figure 5.1: Confirmation of consumable for 131 and A106 B. [?]

16
 Figure 5.2: Confirmation of consumable for 141 and A106 B.

According to Appendix 3a the pipe of material A106 B(Hot Finished) will be operating under
SSC(Sour Service Conditions). NACE-MR-0175-ISO-15156-2015 states the criteria for carbon
steel and the resulting deposit from the welding process as follows for welded constructions
under SSC:
MAX SMYS = 360MPa
Minimum temperature for PWHT: 620◦ .

17
Figure 5.3: Hardness requirements for welded constructions under SSC from NACE-MR-0175-
ISO-15156-2015 table A.1.

Figure 5.4: Simulation of dilution in Weld Note between A106 B and OK TIGROD 12.64.

18
The simulation results of the weld metal formed by an assumed dilution of equal parts A106
B and TIGROD 12.64, are depicted in Fig.5.4. The simulation results concluded with low risk
of hydrogen induced cracking and the hardness requirement according to ISO 15156, table A.1
of a maximum hardness of Hmax = 250HV in the HAZ, is approved with a simulated value of
kJ
Hmax = 225HV . With a nominal heat input of H = 2.9 mm , can we avoid both preheat and
ml
PWHT which is preferred. It is also assumed a hydrogen dilution of HDM = 5 100mg . The
nominal heat input is calculated according to the equation of method A in ISO TR 18491-2015
with η = 0.6 for TiG welding(141);

60 · U · I
H =η· (5.1)
1000 · v
where:
Symbol: Description [unit]:
kJ
H - Is the nominal heat input [ mm ]
U - Is the applied voltage [V ]
I - Is the applied current [A]
mm
v - Is the welding speed speed [ min ]
η - The efficiency of the welding process [−]
The heat input was calculated to avoid the welding temperature to exceed the melting temper-
ature for tungsten at about 3380◦ C to avoid tungsten inclusion in the weld.

Figure 5.5: Recommended welding parameters for filler material OK AristoRod 12.50 according
to esabs handbook of filler materials.

19
5.2 Required qualifications
The number of required qualifications (diameter, thickness, type of material and welding meth-
ods) for each qualification and the corresponding coverage area. Use the dimensions (OD and
wt) that you can find in the the specification classes.
Material Ref Group
A106 B Norsok M630 360LT, 1.2
A106 B Appendix page 11 -
A106 B Norsok M630 page 29 -

Figure 5.6: A106 B simulated in Weld Note to calculate the temperatures promoting different
lattice structures.

5.3 pWPS material 1

5.4 Range qualification

Ref. ISO 15614-1 :2017(E)

• ISO 15614-1 :2017(E) states that multi process welding can be qualified in the same WPS
as long as the sequence is qualified. Change in the welding sequence requires a new
qualification.

• Qualification of one pipe diameter is in the range 0.5 · D ≤ D < ∞ - ref. ISO 15614-1
:2017(E)

• Each grade of mechanization(Manual, Semi- and Fully Automatic) is to be individually

qualified

According to ISO 15614-1 :2017(E) the number of WPS is 1 for diameter, 2 for thickness and
2 for automation degree(Manual and Automatic). This amounts to 4 WPS in total to fully
qualify the pipe range for A106 B.

20
Figure 5.7: Table 7 in ISO 15614-1 :2017(E) with qualification range based on material thickness.

5.4.1 Parent material grouping

5.4.2 Material thickness
5.4.3 Diameter
5.4.4 Welding process
5.4.5 Welding position
5.4.6 Type of joint
5.4.7 Filler
5.4.8 Filler material size
5.4.9 Type of current
5.4.10 Heat input
5.4.11 Preheat temperature
5.4.12 Interpas temperature
5.4.13 Post heating for hydrogen release
Carbon steel, carbon manganese and low-alloy steel weldments that do not comply with other
paragraphs of this subclause shall be post weld heat treated after welding. The heat treatment
temperature and its duration shall be chosen to ensure that the maximum weld zone hardness,
determined in accordance with 7.3, shall be 250 HV or, subject to the restrictions described

21
in 7.3.3, 22 HRC. A minimum post weld heat treatment temperature of 620 Â◦ C (1 150 Â◦ F)
shall be used for low alloy steels.(ISO 15156)

5.4.14 Heat-treatment

22
Chapter 6

Processing pipe 2

6.1 Welding parameters and consumables

The consumables are chosen based on esabs quick guide for selection of welding consumable and
then checked with Schaeffler de Long program for matching of chemical compositions.

AISI 4130: MIG wire: OK AristoRod 55, TIG electrode: OK TigRod 55

AISI4130
Welding Process Consumable ISO Qualification
MIG, 131 OK AristoRod 55 EN ISO 16834-A:G Mn3NiCrMo
TIG, 141 OK TigRod 55 EN ISO 16834-A:Mn3NiCrMo

23
Figure 6.1: Confirmation of consumable for 131 and AISI 4130.

24
 Figure 6.2: Confirmation of consumable for 141 and AISI 4130.

6.2 Required qualifications

The number of required qualifications (diameter, thickness, type of material and welding meth-
ods) for each qualification and the corresponding coverage area. Use the dimensions (OD and
wt) that you can find in the the specificationclasses.

Material Ref Group

xxx Norsok M630 360LT, 1.2
xxx Appendix page 11 -
xxx Norsok M630 page 29 -

25
6.3 pWPS material 2

6.4 Range qualification

6.4.1 Parent material grouping
6.4.2 Material thickness
6.4.3 Diameter
6.4.4 Welding process
6.4.5 Welding position
6.4.6 Type of joint
6.4.7 Filler
6.4.8 Filler material size
6.4.9 Type of current
6.4.10 Heat input
6.4.11 Preheat temperature
6.4.12 Interpas temperature
6.4.13 Post heating for hydrogen release
6.4.14 Heat-treatment

26
Bibliography

[1] ATF BLOG. How to Choose a Welding Method. Retrieved 25.10.19, from https://blog.
atfco.com/how-to-choose-a-welding-method, 2019.

27
Chapter 7

Appendices

28
 App. 3a

Table with MDS/Diameter/Pipe wall thickness

SPEC/MDS/Dim./DN __15 __20 ___25 __40 50 80 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 700 750 900
AC200 / A106B / C01 SS* 3,73 4,55 3,91 5,49 6,02 7,11 6,35 7,92
AC2N0 / A106B / C01 8,74 11,13 10,97
AD200 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 2,87 3,38 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 4,57 4,78 5,54 6,35
AD20X / DUP / D41/42 2,77 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 4,78
AD2F1 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 3,91 5,49 6,02 7,11 15,09 17,48 15,09 16,66 19,05 17,48 15,88
AD2F2 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 2,87 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 4,57 4,78 5,54
AS200 / 316 / S01 2,77 2,77 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 4,57 4,78 4,78 5,54 6,35
AS20X / 316 / S01 2,77 2,77
AS2DV0 / 316 / S01 4,55 5,54 7,11
AS2EX1 / 316 / S01 6,35 7,92
AS2F1 / 316 / S01 3,91 5,49 6,02 7,11 15,09 17,48 15,09
AS2N0 / 316/ S01 8,74 11,13 11,13 12,70
AS30X / 6MO / R11/12 SS* 3,05 3,05 3,76 4,19 4,57
AS3DV0/6Mo/ R11/12 6,02 7,11 6,35
AS3F1 / 6MO / R11/12 5,49 6,02 7,11 15,88
AS3F2 / 6MO / R11/12 3,05
AS3N0 / 6MO / R11/12 8,74 11,13 11,13 10,97 12,70 12,70
AS710 / 6MO / R11/12 SS* 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19
AS750 / 6M0 / R11/12 SS* 3,38 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 7,92
AS900 / 6MO / R11/12 SS* 3,38 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 4,57 4,78 4,78 6,35
AT700 / TITAN / T01 2,77 3,05
AT750 / TITAN / T01 2,77 2,87 2,77 2,77 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 4,57 4,78 4,78 6,35 6,35 9,53
AT7DV0/ TITAN/ T01 3,05 6,02
AT7SW0/ TITAN/ T01 14,27
AT900 / TITAN / T01 3,05 3,05
BC211 / A106B / C01 SS* 6,35 5,54 5,49 6,02 7,11 8,18 9,27 12,70
BD200 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 3,76 4,19 6,35 7,92
BS200 / 316 / S01 2,77 2,77 3,05
BS30X / 6M0 / R11/12 SS* 2,77 3,05 3,05 3,40 4,19 6,35
BT750 / TITAN / T01 6,35
DD200 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 3,38 3,91 3,05 6,02 7,11 7,80 9,53 12,70 19,05
DD20X / DUP / D41/42 SS* 3,91 3,05 7,11 7,80 9,53 12,70
DS900 / SAUST / S65 SS* 2,87 2,77 3,05 3,05 7,11 6,35 6,35 8,38 7,92 9,53 9,53
DS90X/ SAUST/ S65 SS* 3,38
DS950 / SAUST / S65 SS* 15,88
FD200 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 3,38 5,54
FD207 / DUP / D41/42 SS* 3,91
FD20X / DUP / D41/42 SS* 3,91 5,49
FS900 / SAUST / S65 SS* 5,54 5,49
FS90X / SAUST / S65 SS* 3,91 5,49 6,02 10,97 12,70 12,70 14,27
FS950 / SAUST / S65 SS* 10,97 15,09 15,09 23,83
JS80R0 / 316 / S01 8,74
TS210/ TP 316 /Tubing)
SS* Sour Service

Side 1 av 1 18.10.2019 bjt

 Appendix 3b MDS_diam_pipe wall thickness

Table with Spec/MDS/Diam/Pipe wall thickness

SPEC/MDS/Dim/DN 15 20 25 40 50 65 80 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 700 800
AC21- A106 B / C01 4,8 5,6 6,4 5,5 5,2 5,5 6 7,1 6,4 6,4 6,4 7,9 7,9
AC71- A106 B / C01 4,8 5,6 5,5 5,5 6 6,6 7,1
AD31-UNS S32550 / D51/52 2,9 3,4 2,8 3,1 3,1 3,4 3,8 4,6 5,5
AS20- TP316 / S01 2,8 2,9 3,4 3,7 2,8 3,1 3,1 3,4 3,8 4,2 4,6 4,6 4,8 4,8 5,5 6,4 7,9
AS23- TP316 / S01 2,8 2,9 3,4 3,7 2,8 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,4 3,4 3,8 4,2
AS27- TP316 / S01 5,5 6,4 7,9
AT71- Titan / T01 2,9 2,8 2,8 3,1
BC11- A333 gr.6 / C11 11,1 12,7
BC21- A106 B / C01 11,1
BS01-TP316/CL1,3,4 / S01 3,7 2,8
DC11- A333 gr.6 SS* / C11 8,6 9,5 11 12,7
FS01-TP316/CL1,3,4 / S01 5,1 8,7 11,1 13,5
FS70- TP316 / S01 2,5 4
GS01- TP316 / S01 6,35 11,1 15,2
JC70- API 5L-X52 / C22 11,1 15,2
JD92- UNS S31803 / D41/42 11,1 18,3 20,6 25,4
JD94- UNS S31803 / D41/42 13,5
KX75- AISI 4130 / X01 12 15,2 19 22 26
LX70- AISI 4130 SS* / X01 25 30 36
SS* Sour Service
NORSOK standard M-630 Edition 5, September 2010

MATERIAL DATA SHEET MDS X01 Rev. 2

TYPE OF MATERIAL: Low alloyed steel Type AISI 4130
PRODUCT STANDARD GRADE ACCEPT. CLASS SUPPL. REQ.
Seamless pipes ASTM A 519 AISI 4130
Wrought fittings ASTM A 234 AISI 4130 S2
1. SCOPE This MDS specifies the selected options in the referred standard and additional requirements
which shall be added or supersede the corresponding requirements in the referred standard.
2. HEAT TREATMENT Fittings and pipes shall be delivered in the liquid quenched and tempered condition. The
tempering temperature shall be minimum 650 °C.
3. MANUFACTURING Only seamless fittings are acceptable.
PROCESS
4. CHEMICAL The steel shall be produced by open-hearth, basic oxygen, electric-furnace, or vacuum-induction
COMPOSITION melting (VIM). The steel shall be fully killed.
S ≤ 0.015 %; P ≤ 0.025 %
5. TENSILE TESTING Minimum yield strength: Reh ≥ 415 MPa
Minimum tensile strength: Rm ≥ 620 MPa
Minimum elongation: A ≥ 18 %
Minimum red. of area: Z ≥ 35 %
6. IMPACT TESTING Charpy V-notch impact testing shall be carried out according to ASTM A 370 for thicknesses t > 6
mm. Full sized Charpy V-notch specimens shall be used wherever possible. The test specimen
shall be taken in the transverse to the major material flow direction, and the notch shall be
perpendicular to the surface. The test temperature shall be - 30 °C. The minimum absorbed
energy for full size specimens shall be 42 J average and 30 J single. Reduction factors for sub
size specimens shall be: 7.5 mm - 5/6 and 5 mm - 2/3.
7. HARDNESS Maximum hardness shall readings shall not exceed 250 Hv10, 237 HB or 22 HRC.
TESTING
8. EXTENT OF One set of tensile and impact test shall be carried out for each lot. A lot is defined as all products
TESTING of the same type, nominal size and wall thickness, produced from the same heat and heat
treatment load. For pipes heat treated in continuous furnace the maximum lot size shall be 60 m.
9. TEST SAMPLING Samples for production testing shall realistically reflect the properties in the actual component.
Supplementary requirement S2 shall apply.

10. NON Pipes: All pipes shall be 100% ultrasonically tested with a notch calibration on N5 in
DESTRUCTIVE accordance with ISO 3183. Acceptance criteria for surface examination by ultrasonic
TESTING method shall be:
- Defects, with depths exceeding 5% of the nominal wall thickness or 1.5mm,
whichever is the lesser, are not acceptable.
- Cracks or linear defects are not acceptable regardless of dimensions.
Fittings: 100 % magnetic particle testing in accordance with ASME VIII, div. 1, Appendix 6.
11. REPAIR OF Weld repair is not acceptable.
DEFECTS
12. MARKING The component shall be marked to ensure full traceability to melt and heat treatment lot.

13. CERTIFICATION The material manufacturer shall have a quality system certified in accordance with ISO 9001 and
the system shall have undergone a specific assessment for the relevant materials.
The material certificate shall be issued in accordance with EN 10204 Type 3.1, and shall include
the following information:
- Heat treatment condition (For QT condition, austenitisation and tempering temperature and
quenching medium shall be stated.)

NORSOK standard Page 95 of 133