CHAPTER 7-RESPIRATION (FORM 4)
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Surface  Protozoa
membrane
Gills  Fishes
Lungs  Humans
Tracheal system  Insects
Lungs, skin,  Amphibians
mouth cavity
2. Aerobic respiration:
-requires O2.
-breakdown of glucose is complete.
-large amount of energy ↑.
-energy is used toform ATP.
-occur in mitochondria.
-CO2 released as waste products.
1.Anaerobic respiration:
-≠ require O2.
-breakdown of glucose is not
complete.
-less amount of energy↑.
-occur in cytoplasm.
-by products are:
i)lactic acid in animals.
ii)ethanol in yeasts & plants.
Main substrate needed glucose
RESPIRATION Divided into 1.External:
-a mechanical process
-also known as breathing
2. Internal: -maintains a continuous
Respiratory
-also called cellular respiration. exchange of CO2 and O2.
Structures
-a biochemical process.
Of Animals
-energy released from ATP.
Divided into Divided into
Inspiration / Inhalation: Expiration / Exhalation:
-O2 taken in through -CO2 released through
mouth / nostrils mouth / nostrils
(a) Human muscle:
-happens during vigorous exercise.
(b) yeast / plants:
-lactic acid builds up in muscle
-glucose is converted into
 causes muscle fatigue.
ethanol + energy + CO2.
process is also called -after exercise, deep and fast breathing
occurs
fermentation.
 to break down lactic acid.(in muscle
-ethanol is converted back to CO2
and liver)
and energy when O2 is present.
Occurs in -amount of O2 needed for the
breakdown is called “Oxygen debt”.
-lactic acid is broken down to form CO2
and energy.
-energy from this process is less.