Lecture

Active-Load Differential
Amplifiers
Vincent Chang

Copyright © by Knowledge Master, Inc. Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

 Outline

Output 
BJT CMOS
resistance
• Analysis‐by‐ • BJT vs. CMOS • Question
inspection • Norton  • Derivation
• Norton  equivalent
equivalent • Gain

Vincent Chang
Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)
Active-Load D-Amp

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Active-Load Differential Amplifier

Differential pair

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Active-Load Differential Amplifier
Current mirror

Differential pair

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection (Take Note)

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection
Current mirror

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection
Current mirror

4
3

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Analysis-by-Inspection

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Equivalent Circuit

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Finesse—Norton Equivalent Circuit

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Finesse—Norton Equivalent Circuit

5
5

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Finesse—Norton Equivalent Circuit

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Open-Circuit Voltage Gain

 vo
Ad   g m Rout
vd

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Differential Gain

v
 o
Ad   gmRout  gm(ro2 ro4)
vd
ro 2  ro 4  ro
vo 1 1 VA
Ad   g m ro 

vd 2 2 VT

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

 Outline

Output 
BJT CMOS
resistance
• Analysis‐by‐ • BJT vs. CMOS • Question
inspection • Norton  • Derivation
• Norton  equivalent
equivalent • Gain

Vincent Chang
Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)
BJT Differential Amplifier

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

BJT Differential Amplifier
Current mirror

Differential pair

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

BJT vs. CMOS D-Amp
Current mirror

Differential pair Differential pair

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

BJT vs. CMOS Differential Amplifier
Current mirror Current mirror

Differential pair Differential pair

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

CMOS Differential Amplifier

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

 Gain

vo 1
Ad   g m Rout  g m ro

vd 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

 Outline

Output 
BJT CMOS
resistance
• Analysis‐by‐ • BJT vs. CMOS • Question
inspection • Norton  • Derivation
• Norton  equivalent
equivalent • Gain

Vincent Chang
Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)
Output Resistance

vo
Ad   g m Rout  g m (ro 2 ro 4 )
vd

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Ro 2  ro 2  (1   ) (r 2 || re1 )
 ro 2  (1  g m 2 ro 2 )re1
 ro 2  ro 2  2ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Ro 2  ro 2  (1   ) (r 2 || re1 )
 ro 2  (1  g m 2 ro 2 )re1
 ro 2  ro 2  2ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Ro 2  ro 2  (1   ) (r 2 || re1 )
 ro 2  (1  g m 2 ro 2 )re1
 ro 2  ro 2  2ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Ro 2  ro 2  (1   ) (r 2 || re1 )
 ro 2  (1  g m 2 ro 2 )re1
 ro 2  ro 2  2ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

 Output Resistance
Current mirror

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

 Output Resistance
Current mirror

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt
ro 4

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt
ro 4

vt
it1 
Ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt vt vt
vt it  it1  it 2   
Ro 2 Ro 2 ro 4
ro 4
vt vt vt vt
2  2 
Ro 2 ro 4 2ro 2 ro 4
vt
it1  1 1
Ro 2  vt (  )
ro 2 ro 4

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt vt vt
vt it  it1  it 2   
Ro 2 Ro 2 ro 4
ro 4
vt vt vt vt
2  2 
Ro 2 ro 4 2ro 2 ro 4
vt
it1  1 1
Ro 2  vt (  )
ro 2 ro 4

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt vt vt
vt it  it1  it 2   
Ro 2 Ro 2 ro 4
ro 4
vt vt vt vt
2  2 
Ro 2 ro 4 2ro 2 ro 4
vt
it1  1 1
Ro 2  vt (  )
ro 2 ro 4

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt vt vt
vt it  it1  it 2   
Ro 2 Ro 2 ro 4
ro 4
vt vt vt vt
2  2 
Ro 2 ro 4 2ro 2 ro 4
vt
it1  1 1
Ro 2  vt (  )
ro 2 ro 4
1 1 1 1
Rout  (it / vt )  (  )
ro 2 ro 4

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

vt
ro 4

it1 
vt Rout  ro 2 || ro 4
Ro 2

1 1 1 1
Rout  (it / vt )  (  )
ro 2 ro 4

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

Output Resistance

Ro 2  ro 2  (1   ) (r 2 || re1 )
 ro 2  (1  g m 2 ro 2 )re1
 ro 2  ro 2  2ro 2

Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)

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Copyright © by Knowledge Master, Inc. Dr. Vincent Chang (張文清)