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King Abdulaziz University: Mechanical Engineering Department
King Abdulaziz University: Mechanical Engineering Department
MEP 460
Heat Exchanger Design
March 2018
Ch. 7 Double pipe heat exchangers
1-Introduction
2-Advantages and disadvantages of double pipe HX
3-Double pipe HX geometry
4-Unfinned outside surface of inner pipe
5-Example 7.1
6-Finned outer surface of the inner pipe
7-Example 7.2
8-Series & parallel combination of hairpins HX
9-Total pressure drop in double pipe HX
1-Introduction
Hairpin double pipe heat exchangers
1-Introduction
Finned and un-finned double pipe heat exchangers
Multi tube double pipe heat exchangers
2-Advantages and disadvantages of double pipe
heat exchanges
advantages
Disadvantages
Bulky
Expensive
3-Double pipe geometry
𝜋
Cross section area for annulus flow 𝐴𝑐 = 𝐷𝑖2 − 𝑑𝑜 ^2
4
Hydraulic diameter for heat transfer calculations and
pressure drop calculations for annulus flow
De for heat transfer calculations
4(𝜋𝐷𝑖2 4 − 𝜋𝑑𝑜2 4)
𝐷ℎ = = 𝐷𝑖 − 𝑑𝑜
𝜋(𝐷𝑖 + 𝑑𝑜 )
𝜌𝑎 𝑉𝑎 𝐷ℎ
𝑅𝑒𝐷ℎ =
𝜇𝑎
Pressure drop calculations
2
2𝐿 𝑢𝑚 2𝐿 𝐺 2
Inside the tubes Δ𝑝𝑡 = 𝑓 𝜌 𝑁ℎ𝑝 = 𝑓 𝑁ℎ𝑝
𝑑𝑖 2 𝑑𝑖 2𝜌
Δ𝑝𝑡 𝑚𝑡
𝑃𝑡 =
Pumping power 𝜂𝑝 𝜌
2𝐿 𝑢𝑎2
Δ𝑃𝑎 = 𝑓 𝜌 𝑁 Assuming the length of
Flow in the annulus 𝐷ℎ 2 ℎ𝑝 hairpin HX to be L
Δ𝑝𝑎 𝑚𝑎
Pumping power 𝑃𝑎 =
𝜂𝑝 𝜌
Or in log form
Hf fin height
Fin thickness
Nf no of fins per tube
Nt no of tubes
Hairpin Heat exchanger with multi-tube finned inner pipe
𝑃𝑤 = 𝜋 𝐷𝑖 + 𝑑𝑜 𝑁𝑡 + 2𝐻𝑓 𝑁𝑓 𝑁𝑡
𝐴𝑓
𝜂𝑜 = 1 − 1 − 𝜂𝑓
𝐴𝑡
tanh(𝑚𝐻𝑓 ) 2ℎ
𝑚=
𝜂𝑓 = 𝛿𝑘𝑓
𝑚𝐻𝑓
Clean and fouled overall heat transfer coefficient
Finned double pipe
1 1 𝑅𝑓𝑖 𝑅𝑓𝑜 1
= + + 𝑅𝑤 + +
𝑈𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑡 ℎ𝑖 𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑡 𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑜 𝐴𝑡 𝜂𝑜
1 1 𝑅𝑓𝑖 𝑅𝑓𝑜 1
= + + 𝐴𝑡 𝑅𝑤 + +
𝑈𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑖 (𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑡 ) (𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑡 ) 𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑜 𝜂𝑜
ln(𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖 )
𝑅𝑤 =
𝐴𝑡 = 𝐴𝑢 + 𝐴𝑓 = 2𝑁𝑡 𝐿(𝜋𝑑𝑜 + 2𝑁𝑓 𝐻𝑓 ) 2𝜋𝑘𝐿
𝐴𝑓
𝐴𝑖 = 𝜋𝑑𝑖 (2𝐿) 𝜂𝑜 = 1 − 1 − 𝜂𝑓
𝐴𝑡
You may assume a length for the hairpin HX
and then find the number hairpins required.
tanh(𝑚𝐻𝑓 )
1 1 1 𝜂𝑓 =
For clean surface = + 𝐴𝑡 𝑅𝑤 + 𝑚𝐻𝑓
𝑈𝑐 ℎ𝑖 (𝐴𝑖 𝐴𝑡 ) ℎ𝑜 𝜂𝑜
𝑈𝑜𝑓 2ℎ
Cleanliness factor CF 𝐶𝐹 =
𝑈𝑐 𝑚=
𝛿𝑘𝑓
Percentage Over 𝑂𝑆 = 100𝑈𝑐 𝑅𝑓𝑡
1 − 𝐶𝐹
where 𝑅𝑓𝑡 =
surface OS 𝑈𝑐 𝐶𝐹
Ch. 3 correlations for convective heat transfer
coefficients (Laminar internal flows)
Ch. 3 correlations for
convective heat
transfer coefficients
(Turbulent
internal flows)
Incopera 7th ed.
Correlations for
convective heat
transfer
coefficient for
internal flows
Incropera, internal turbulent flow
Incropera-Laminar flow
𝐷
𝐺𝑧 = 𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑡𝑧 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟
𝑥
Internal laminar flow-Kakac used correlation
𝑃𝑒𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑒 = 𝑅𝑒 𝑃𝑟
Example on Finned double pipe heat
exchangers
Tci=20 C
Tco=30 C
m_dot=3 kg/s
Thi=65 C
Tho=55 C
Example 7.2 continue
Procedure:
1-Since all 4 temperatures are known. One can get the
main fluid properties at the mean value. The main
properties are:
Cp, , k, , and Pr
2-Since mh is known, calculate the heat load q
3-From 2 you can calculate the mass flow rate mc (in
the inner tube)
4-Calculate the cross sectional area for the flow inside
the pipe and in the annulus, and the two velocities
5-Calculate the hydraulic diameter for pressure and
heat transfer calculation (i.e. Dh, and De)
6-Caculate f & Re for both flows and Nu
7-Caculate hi and ho
8-Estimate Rfi and Rfo based on fluid type and tables in
Sea water(Cold)
Ch. 6 (Fouling)
9-Calculate Uof and Uc Tci=20 C
10-Find CF and OS Oil (hot) Tco=30 C
m_dot=3 kg/s
Thi=65 C
Tho=55 C
Example 7.2 continue
Laminar
Example 7.2 continue
Example 7.2 continue
1 − 𝑃2
For one-series cold stream and 𝑆= 1 𝑛2
𝑛2 1
n2 parallel hot streams
1 − 𝑅2 𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑅2 + 𝑅2
𝑃2
All pressure losses must be taken into account for calculating the total
pressure losses in heat exchanger. These sources of pressure drop must be
considered
2
2
2𝐿 𝑢𝑚 𝑢𝑚
Δ𝑃𝑓 = 𝑓 𝜌 𝑁 Δ𝑃𝑛 = 𝐾𝑐 𝜌
1 𝐷 2 ℎ𝑝 2 2
2
11
4 Δ𝑃𝑚 = 𝐺 ( − )
3 Δ𝑃 = 𝜌𝑔 Δ𝐻 𝜌𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝜌𝑖𝑛