Finite Element Method

Assignment 3

Devang Kangad(ME16BTECH11015)
Question
Find the values of displacement and force at each node by the compliance
method.

Answer
First we will calculate compliance matrix for the single element.
Consider single truss element kept at horizontal.

Now we can define the matrix.

     
u1 K11 K12 P
= × 1
u2 K21 K22 P2

Where Kab corresponds to the displacement ua and force Pb i.e.

u1 = K12 P2

Now take a case of K21

u2 = K21 P1

1
 σ = E
P2 u2
=E
A L
L
u2 = P2
EA
From force eqilibrium P2 + P1 = 0
−L
u2 = P1
EA
Such like that we can find the all K values so the matrix relation becomes

[u] = [K][P ]
     
u1 1 −1 P
=K× × 1
u2 −1 1 P2
L
Where K= EA
Now we will rotate the element at angle θ

2
 d3 = u2 cosθ
d4 = u2 sinθ
d1 = u1 cosθ
d2 = u1 sinθ
So we can write in matrix form
   
d1 cosθ 0  
d2  sinθ 0 
 =  × u1
d3   0 cosθ  u2
d4 0 sinθ

[d] = [T ][u]
Where T is displacement transformation matrix
Similarly for the force

P2 = f3 cosθ + f4 sinθ
P1 = f1 cosθ + f2 sinθ

3
Writing in matrix form
 
    f1
P1 cosθ sinθ 0 0 f2 
= × 

P2 0 0 cosθ sinθ f3 
f4

[P ] = [Q][f ]
Where Q is force transformation matrix
Now
[u] = [K][P ]
Multiplying with T
[T ][u] = [T ][K][P ]
([T][u]=[d])
[d] = [T ][K][P ]
(decomposition of P )
[d] = [T ][K][Q][f ]
Putting all values we get
 2
−c2 −cs
    
d1 c cs f1
2
d2 
 =K × 2
 cs s −cs −s2  f2 
× 
d3  −c −cs c2 cs  f3 
d4 −cs −s2 cs s2 f4

Where c is cosθ and s is sinθ. Looking at the final matrix we can see that results
is similar to direct stiffness method and compliance matrix is same as stiffness
matrix
Now for given problem we can create whole matrix just like we do in direct
stiffness method
For given problem i have taken fixed support as node 1 roller support as node
2 and assumed that all elements have same stiffness so we get matrix form
     
d1 1 0 0 0 −1 0 f1
d2 
 
0
 1 0 −1 0 0  f2 
  
d3 
 =K × 0
 0 0.36 −0.48 0.36 0.48 
 × f3 
 
d4   0 −1 −0.48 1.64 0.48 −0.64  f4 
     
d5  −1 0 −0.36 0.48 1.36 −0.48 f5 
d6 0 0 0.48 −0.64 −0.48 0.64 f6

Now
d1 = 0
d2 = 0
d3 = 0

4
and
f6 = −P
f5 = 0
f4 = 0
Taking moment equilibrium about node 1

f3 × 4 + P × 3 = 0
3
f3 = − P
4
And taking force equilibrium
f2 = P
3
f1 =P
4
Now solving for this boundary conditions just like do in direct stiffness
method we get displacements
d4 = 0.64P
d5 = 0.48P
d6 = −0.64P