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Analysis and Design Selection of Lightning Arrester For Distribution Substation
Analysis and Design Selection of Lightning Arrester For Distribution Substation
174
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 48 2008
IV. STATIC CHARGING OF THE CONDUCTOR DUE TO A The current comings into a tower have been postulated by
CHARG CLOUD lightning stroke from a cloud, and then disappear into the
Suppose that the cloud is positively charged, then the line ground. A useful concept is to think of the cloud and earth as
will be charged to a negative potential by the electrostatic forming a vast capacitor which is being discharge by the
induction. This negative charge will be present right under the stroke. The return circuit would be completed by displacement
cloud and the portions of the line away from this point will be current in the electric field. This is suggested by Figure.3.
charge positively as illustrated in Figure.2.
cloud
Stroke
Earth
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 48 2008
can safely discharge these current crests. As the arrester is a 3. Strip or conductor electrodes
protective device, if is a general impression that if should be
rated for most severe conditions of discharge currents says 20 X. INTERMEDIATE CLASS DYNAVAR ARRESTER
A. The discharge current from the arrester varies from a few Application is based upon the maximum continuous
hundred amperes to kilo-amperes and sometimes if is even 20 operation voltage, line to neutral, at the arrester location. For
KA. Maximum discharge voltage and discharge factor for the grounded neutral systems, this is computed as maximum
arrester is defined the maximum value of voltage which system voltage divided by √3. For historical comparison, the
appears across the arrester terminals at the time of discharging maximum continuous operating voltage is 81% of the
if rated current determines its impulse level of protection. The conventional 71% arrester installed on an affectively grounded
discharge factor if is, neutral system.
DF= discharge voltage (crest value) of the arrester (5)
Rated voltage (RMS value) of the arrester
In the early designs of arresters, this discharge factor was
quite high (about 5.6) but due to the advent of better material
and Modern research it has been reduced varying to 2.4 to 3.0.
The above ratio for arresters manufactured by different firms
varies from 1.5 to 1.7, so, the average value may be taken as
1.6 E is the rated arrester voltage KV (R.M.S) and LS is the
minimum impulse insulation level in kV (crest valve) its value
after allowing 10% as tolerance factor and 25% as margin
factor can be obtained.
Figure.4 Section view of typical unit
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World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 48 2008
177
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 48 2008
R=2Ω R=2Ω
R=2Ω 30MVA
Lightning Earth Body Lightning Earth
30MVA×
Earth
R
10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´ 10´10´ 10´10´ 10´
66kV Switch
Yard
10MVA×R
Neutral Earth
33kV TR:
10 MVA CB CT PT DS
100VA
Neutral Earth
Body Earth
Switch Gear Panel Earth Ring System
LA Earth
R = 1.8 Ω
100kVA
R=2Ω Lightning Transformer LA Earth Lightning
Arrester Arrester
DS Earth
178