Task-01:

a). A cylindrical pipe has a diameter D, with a laminar flow of fluid which has viscosity μ
as shown in figure. The pressure drop ∆𝑝, of fluid is varies directly with the distance l,
between pressure taps. Here diameter, D = 420 cm, dynamic Viscosity, μ = 13.5 N.s/m2,
Pressure, P = 18.2 PSI, length, l = 8450 cm, velocity,v = 1.8 m/s, density = 3.98 kg/m3,
Darcy Friction Factor, fD= 0.05

Define now

i. the flow rate of fluid

ii. pressure drop of the fluid
iii. find out the kinematic viscosity
iv. final velocity of the fluid after 1.5 s
v. acceleration of the fluid

When determining the above quantities, the formulas you use should be clearly stated and
the dimensional analysis technique should be applied to show that all the values / units
used are quantitatively homogeneous.

Given that,

420
diameter, D = 420 cm =100 m =4.2 m [100cm=1m]

dynamic Viscosity, μ = 13.5 N.s/m2 =13.5 Kgs-1m-1

Pressure, P = 18.2 PSI =(18.2×6894.76)Pa = 125.485×103Pa [1PSI=6894.76Pa]

Pressure drop,∆𝑃 = 18.2𝑃𝑆𝐼 =(18.2×6894.76)Pa = 125.485×103Kgm-1s-2

8450
length, l = 8450 cm= 100 𝑚 =84.5m [100cm=1m]

Darcy Friction Factor, fD= 0.05

Density,𝜌 = 3.98 kg/m3

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velocity,v = 1.8 m/s,

density = 3.98 kg/m3

𝐷 4.2
Now, Radius, r = 2 = 2 m =2.1 m

𝜋∆P𝑟 4
i. The flow rate of fluid is, Q = (i)
128𝜇𝑙

𝝅×125.485×103 Kg𝑚−1 𝑠−2 ×(2.1𝑚)4

= 128×13.5Kg𝑚−1 𝑠−1 ×84.5𝑚

= 52.51 𝑚3 𝑠 −1(Kgm−1 s−2 m4 Kg −1 msm−1)

= 52.51 𝑚3 𝑠 −1

[𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ] [𝐿4 ]
`Now, [L3T-1]= [ 𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −1 ][𝐿]

[𝑀𝐿3 𝑇 −2 ]
Or, [L3T-1]= [ 𝑀𝑇 −1 ]

∴[L3T-1]= [𝐿3 𝑇 −1 ]

So, the formula has dimensional homogeneity.

𝑙𝜌𝑣 2
ii. pressure drop of the fluid is ∆𝑃=fD× (ii)
2𝐷

84.5𝑚× 3.98 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3 ×( 1.8 𝑚𝑠 −1 )2

=0.05× 2×4.2𝑚

=6.49Kgm-1s-2

[𝐿][𝑀𝐿−3 ] [𝐿𝑇 −1 ]2
Now, [M𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ]= [𝐿]

[M𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ]= [𝑀𝐿−3 ] [𝐿2 𝑇 −2 ]

[M𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ]= [M𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ]

Thus, the formula has dimensional homogeneity.

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 𝜇
.iii. find out the kinematic viscosity is, Vk =𝜌 (iii)

13.5𝐾𝑔𝑚−1 𝑠−1
= 3.98 𝑘𝑔𝑚−3

=3.39m2s-1
[ML−1 T−1 ]
Now,[L2T-1]= [ML−3 ]

Or, [L2T-1]= [𝐿2 𝑇 −1 ]

Thus, the formula has dimensional homogeneity.

𝑄
iv. The final velocity is, V=𝐴 (iv)

𝑄 52.51 𝑚3 𝑠−1
= 𝜋𝑟 2 =3.14×(2.1𝑚)2 =3.79m𝑠 −1

[M3 S−1 ]
Now, [MS-1] = [M2 ]

Or, [MS-1] = [MS-1]

Thus, the formula has dimensional homogeneity.

𝑉 −𝑉
v . Acceleration of the fluid is, a = 𝑡1 −𝑡 2 (v)
1 2

3.79m𝑠−1 −1.8 m𝑠−1

= =1.33ms-2
1.5𝑠−0𝑠

[MS−1 ]
Now, [MS-2] = [S]

∴[MS-2] = [MS-2]

Thus, the formula has dimensional homogeneity.

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b). If pressure drop ∆𝑝, is depend on D, l, V, μ, find the relationship
between pressure drop with pipe diameter by using dimensional
analysis.

Dimensional analysis to find out the equation: The pressure drop ∆P is varies directly
with the distance l between the pressure taps. If the pressure drop ∆P is depend on
D,𝜇,V,l. Now, we have to find the relation the relation between pressure drop with pipe
diameter by using dimensional analysis.

∆P =f(D,V,𝜇, 𝑙)

Or, f(D,V,∆𝑃, 𝑙, 𝜇)

The total number of each variable, M-5

Now dimensions of each variable, ∆P=[ML-1T-2], 𝜇=[ML-1T-1], D=[L], l=[L], V=[LT-1]

Fundamental variables of these variables are M, T and L.

The number of 𝜋 terms=(5-3) =2

Now, we need to select the number of iterative variables, where the number of variables
required is equal to the number of basic variables. Three for these problems. Required
reference levels must be included in all recurrent variable groups, each recurring variable
must be dimensionally independent of the others. Variable iterations cannot be adjusted
to a lesser product form. So, d, V and this are the recurring variables for this problem
μ𝜋1 =(∆P, 𝐷𝑎1 , 𝑉𝑏1 , 𝜇 𝑐1 )

𝜋2 =(𝐷𝑎2 , 𝑉𝑏2 , 𝜇 𝑐2 , 𝑙)

So, the equation is, f(𝜋1 , 𝜋2 ) (i)

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Now, solving 𝜋 terms by the principle of dimensional homogeneity, 𝜋1 =(∆P,
𝐷𝑎1 , 𝑉𝑏1 , 𝜇 𝑐1 )

[𝑀0 𝐿0 𝑇 0]=[𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −2 ] [𝐿]𝑎1 [𝐿𝑇 −1 ]𝑏1 [𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −1 ]𝑐1

Equating power on both side,

Power of M, c1+1=0, c1= -1 (i)

Power of T, -b1-c1-2=0, -b1-(-1)-2=0, -b1-1, b1=-1 (ii)

Power of L, a1+b1-c1-1=0, a1-1-(-1)-1=0, a1=1 (iii)

Now, substituting the 𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐1 value in the

𝜋1 terms, 𝜋1 =(∆P, 𝐷1 , 𝑉 −1 , 𝜇 −1 )

∆𝑃𝐷
∴ 𝜋1 =( 𝑉𝜇 )

Similarly from 𝜋2 terms, 𝜋2 =(𝐷𝑎2 , 𝑉𝑏2 , 𝜇 𝑐2 , 𝑙)

[𝑀0 𝐿0 𝑇 0]=[𝐿]𝑎2 [𝐿𝑇 −1 ]𝑏2 [𝑀𝐿−1 𝑇 −1 ]𝑐2 [𝐿]

Equating power on both side,

Power of M, c2=0

Power of T, -b2-c2=0, b2=0

Power of L, a2+b2-c2+1=0, a2+0-0+1=0, a2=-1

Now, substituting the 𝑎2 , 𝑏2 , 𝑐2 value in the

𝜋2 terms, 𝜋2 =(𝐷−1 , 𝑉 0 , 𝜇 0 , 𝑙)

𝑙
∴ 𝜋2 =𝐷

Now, substituting the value of 𝜋1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜋2 in… (i)

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 ∆𝑃𝐷 𝑙
f( )
𝑉𝜇 𝐷

Now,

∆𝑃𝐷 𝑙
=c𝐷
𝑉𝜇

𝑣𝜇𝑙
 ∆𝑃=c ( )
𝐷2

so, ∆𝑃 ∝ 𝜇 [ if v,l & D are propotional to ∆𝑃 ]

Task-02:
A drilling machine is to have different speed ranging from 150 rpm to 1500 rpm having
common difference of 100. Determine the six speeds of the drilling machine. If the first
two terms from a geometric progression, what would the difference be between the sixth
terms of the two series:

Arithmetic progression: Given, First term, a=150 rev/min

Common difference, d=100

We know, The arithmetic progression formula, a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d, a+5d, a+6d,
……., a+(n-1)d

Now, the first speed is, a=150

the 2nd speed is, a+d= (150 rev/min+100) =250 rev/min

the 3rd speed is, a+2d= 150 rev/min +(2×100) =350 rev/min

the 4th speed is, a+3d= 150 rev/min +(3×100) =400 rev/min

the 5th speed is, a+4d= 150 rev/min +(4×100) =550 rev/min

the 6th speed is, a+5d= 150 rev/min +(5×100) =650 rev/min

So the arithmetic progression of these 6 speeds is 150, 250, 350, 450, 550, 650…….

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Geometric progression:
Given, the first term, a=150 rev/min
The second term, =250
250
Ratio, r=150 = 1.67

We know, the geometric progression formula, a, ar, ar2,ar3,ar4,ar5,………,arn-1

Now, the 1st term, a=150
the 2nd term, ar=150× 1.67=250.5
the 3rd term, ar2=150× (1.67)2=418.335
the 4th term, a=150× (1.67)3= 698.62
the 5th term, a=150× (1.67)4 = 1166.69
the 6th term, a=150× (1.67)5= 1948.38

∴ The geometric progression of these six speed is 150, 250.5, 418.335, 698.62,
1166.69,1948.38……..

∴ difference between geometric progression and arithmetic progression= 1948.38-

650=1298.38

Part-03:
i. Determine the following exponential problems :

In an electrical circuit the resistance R of an electrical conductor at temperature 𝜃 (℃), is

given by
𝑅 = 𝑅0 𝑒 𝛼𝜃 ,
Where α is a constant and 𝑅0 = 3 × 103 ohms.

a) Here,R= 4× 103 ohms

R0=3× 103 ohms

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 θ =1500℃.

Now, R= R0exθ
 4× 103 = 3× 103 ex.1500
4×103
 = ex.1500
3×103
 1.33 = ex.1500
 ln(1.33) = ln(ex.1500)
 0.285 = x.1500
 x = 1.9× 10−4

b) Here,
R0=3× 103 ohms
R = 6.3× 103 ohms

From a, x = 1.9× 10−4

Now,
R= R0exθ
𝑅
 R0 = exθ
𝑅
 ln R0 = ln ( exθ)
𝑅
 ln R0 = xθ
𝑅
ln
 θ= R0
x
6.3×103
ln
3×103
 1.9×10−4
 3904.93

c) Here,
R0=3× 103 ohms
X = 1.9× 10−4

Now,
Θ1 =00c
∴R1 = R0exθ1
−4
=3× 103 . 𝑒 1.9×10 ×0
=3× 103 ohms
When,
Θ2 = 900
R2 = R0exθ2
−4
= 3× 103 𝑒 1.9×10 ×90
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 = 3051.74

When,
Θ3 = 1800
R3 = R0exθ3
−4
=3× 103 𝑒 1.9×10 ×180
= 3104.37

When,
Θ4 = 1600
R4 = R0exθ4
−4
= 3× 103 𝑒 1.9×10 ×270
= 3157.92

ii) The pressure loss in a pipe pL is related to the flow rate Q by the equation pL =
KQn . Use logarithmic function to determine ‘n’ if pL = 140 pascals, Q=0.02 m3/s and
K = 171.5× 𝟏𝟎𝟑

Here,

PL=140 pas
Q = 0.02 m3/s
K = 171.5× 103

So,
PL = KQn
PL
 K = Qn
PL
 log = log Qn
𝐾
PL
 n log Q = log 𝐾
PL
log
 n= 𝐾
log 𝑄
140
log
171.5×103
 n= log(0.02)
 n = 1.82

iii)Determine the solution from following trigonometric equations:

You are designing a petrol engine for a car. In the figure there are shown a crank
mechanism of a petrol engine which Arm MN is 15.0cm long and rotates clockwise
about M. The connecting rod NP is 40 cm long and end P is constrained to move
horizontally.
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 (a) For the position shown in Fig. determine the angle between the connecting rod
NP and the horizontal and the length of MP.

(b) How far does P moves horizontally when angle PMN changes from 270 to 1250?

Given, long NP=40 cm, Arm NM =15.0cm,

a) < 𝑁𝑀𝑃 =27°,< 𝑀𝑁𝑃=?, MP=?
40 15
So, sin 27° = sin 𝑝
15×sin 27°
Or, sin 𝑃 = 40

Or, sin 𝑃 =0.17

Or, P= sin−1(0.17)
∴ P= 9.79cm = 9.790
∴< 𝑀𝑁𝑃=(180°-27°-9.790) = 143.210

40 𝑀𝑃
Now, sin 27° = sin 143.210
40×sin 143.210
Or, MP= = 52.77 cm
sin 27°

The angle between the connecting rod NP and the horizontal is 143.21° and the length of
MP is 52.75 cm.

b) Figure shows the initial and final positions of the crank mechanism. In triangle
MN′P′, applying the sine rule,
40 15
So, sin 27° = sin 𝑁′𝑃′𝑀
15×sin 125°
Or, sin 𝑁′𝑃′𝑀= 40
−1
Or, 𝑁′𝑃′𝑀=sin (0.31)
Or, 𝑁′𝑃′𝑀= 18.06 = 18.060
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Angle MNP= 180°-125°- 18.060=36.940
Now,
40 𝑀𝑃′
= sin 36.940
sin 27°
40×sin 36.940
MP'= sin 125°

MP'= 29.35 cm
Since,
MP= 52.77 cm and MP'= 29.35 cm
∴NP′= 52.77- 29.35cm =23.42 cm
Hence, P moves 23.42 cm when angle NMP changes from 27° to 125°

iv. Determine the solution of following hyperbolic Equations

You are investigating the wave of a fluid in a container which depth is d and find out that,
the relation between velocity of wave V and depth of fluid d and wavelength L is given
by
7.1d
V 2 = 0.75 L tanh( )
L
(a) If d=7.0 and L =90, calculate the value of velocity, V.

(b) if L= 74 and V= 5.08, calculate the value of d

a) Given, depth of fluid d=8.5 and wavelength L =90

7.1𝑑
So, V2 = 0.75 L tanh( )
𝐿
7.1×7.0
Or, V2 = 0.75× 90 × tanh( )
90

Or, V2 = 67.5 × tanh(0.55)

Or, V=√0.65
Or, V= 0.81

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 b) Given, wavelength L=82 and velocity of wave V= 6.04

7.1𝑑
So, V2 = 0.75 L tanh( )
𝐿
7.1𝑑
Or, 6.042 = (0.75× 82) tanh( )
82
36.4816
Or, tanh(0.087 × d)= 61.5

Or, 0.087×d= tanh−1 (0.593)

0.593
Or, d= 0.087

∴d= 6.82 m
So, the value of, 𝑑 = 6.82 𝑑.

PART-04:

Task-04:

i) You have been asked to determine the mean diameter of connecting rod (in
mm) and the standard deviation (in mm).

∑fixi 1539
Mean value, 𝑥̅ = = = 30.78
∑fi 50

Diameter Frequency(fi) Mean Fixi x-𝑥̅ (x-𝑥̅ )2 Fi(x-𝑥̅ )2

Diameter(xi)

3-9 3 6 18 24.78 614.05 1842.15

10-16 1 13 13 17.78 316.13 316.13

17-23 18 20 360 10.78 116.21 2091.75

24-30 1 27 27 3.78 14.29 14.29

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31-37 3 34 102 3.22 10.37 31.11

38-44 19 41 779 10.22 104.45 1984.52

45-51 5 48 240 17.22 296.53 1482.64

∑fi=50 ∑fixi=1539 ∑fi(x-𝑥̅ )2

=7762.59

∑𝑓(𝑥−𝑥̅ )2 7762.59
The standard deviation,𝜎=√ ∑𝑓
=√ 50
= 12.46 mm

ii) You should also present a graphical illustration of the distribution using
appropriate computer software.

Diameter (mm) Frequency

3-6 3
10-16 1
17-23 18
24-30 1
31-37 3
38-44 19
45-51 5

iii) From the data gathered and processed you have asked to determine:
a) the probability that a randomly chosen diameter of connecting rod will be greater
than 45 mm
b) the probability that a randomly chosen diameter of connecting rod will be less
than 30 mm
c) the probability that a randomly chosen diameter of connecting rod will between
35 mm to 42 mm

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You should also present a graphical illustration of the probabilities .

a) Given, Mean value, 𝑥̅ = 30.78, Standard deviation, 𝜎 = 12.46 mm (previous math)

45−30.78
and the z-value corresponding to 45 mm is given, 12.46
= 1.14, standard deviation.

From table , the area corresponding to a z-value of 1.14 is 0.3749. The area to the right of the z=
1.14 ordinate is 0.5-0.3749 =0.125. Thus, for 50 values, it is likely that 50×0.125=6.25

So, 6.25 connecting rod will be greater than 45 mm.

30−30.78
b) The z-value corresponding to 30 mm is given, 12.46
= -0.06 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

From table, the area corresponding to value of -0.06 is 0.2578. To the right of the z =
-0.06 ordinate is 0.5-0.2578=0.24. This is the probability of a value containing the
less than 30 mm. Thus for 50 values, it is likely that 50×0.24=12.11 . So, 12.11 will
contain less 30 mm.

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 35−30.78 42−30.78
c) The z-value corresponding to 35mm and 45mm are, = 0.34 𝑎𝑛𝑑 =
12.46 12.46

0.90 respectively. From table, the area corresponding to these values are 0.1368 and
0.3289 respectively. Thus the probability of value containing between 35 mm and 42
mm is = 0.3289+0.1368=0.4657. Thus for 50 values, it is likely that
50×0.4657=23.285

So, 23.29 will contain between 35 mm and 42 mm

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iv) From the inspection 20% of the engine components are defective. If a sample of 12
component of engine is selected at random, find the probability that

(a) exactly 5 components are defective

(b) 8 or fewer than 8 components are defective

Let, p is the probability of defective component. Then, p=20%=0.2

Let, q is the probability of non-defective component. Then, q=1-20%=1-0.2=0.8 The component

sample number is, n=12. The probability of inspection 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …...n. The defective
component are given by successtive terms of the expantion of (𝑝+ 𝑞)𝑛, take from left to right in
this problem.

𝑛(𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2) 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)

(𝑝+ 𝑞)𝑛 = 𝑞𝑛 + 𝑛.𝑞𝑛−1.𝑝+ 2!
.𝑞𝑛−2.𝑝2 + 3!
.𝑞𝑛−3.𝑝3 + 4!
𝑞𝑛−4.𝑝4
𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)(𝑛−4)
+ 5!
𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)(𝑛−4) (𝑛−5) 𝑛−6 6 𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)(𝑛−4)(𝑛−5)(𝑛−6)
.𝑞𝑛−5.𝑝5+ .𝑞 .𝑝 .
6! 7!
𝑛(𝑛−1)(𝑛−2)(𝑛−3)(𝑛−4)(𝑛−5)(𝑛−6)(𝑛07)
𝑞 𝑛−7 . 𝑝7 8!
. 𝑞 𝑛−8 . 𝑝8 ………….

12(12−1) 12(12−1)(12−2)
Or, (0.2+0.8)12 = (0.8)12+ 12. (0.8)12−1.0.2 + 2!
.(0.8)12−2.(0.2)2 + 3!
12(12− 1)(12− 2)(12− 3) 12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4)
.(0.8)12−3.(0.2)3 + 4!
.(0.8)12−4.(0.2)4 + 5!
12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4) (12−5)
.(0.8)12−5.(0.2)5+ 6!
.(0.8)12−6 . (0.2)6 +
12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4)(12−5)(12−6)
7!
.(0.8)12−7 . (0.2)7 +
12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4)(12−5)(12−6)(12−7)
8!
. (0.8)12−8 . (0.2)8……

So, the probability of no-defective component is= (0.8)12 = 0.19

The probability of one defective component is=12. (0.8)12−1.0.2 =0.21

12(12−1)
The probability of one defective component is= 2!
.(0.8)12−2.(0.2)2 =0.28

12(12−1)(12−2)
The probability of one defective component is= 3!
.(0.8)12−3.(0.2)3 = 0.24
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 12(12− 1)(12− 2)(12− 3)
The probability of one defective component is= 4!
.(0.8)12−4.(0.2)4 =0.13
12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4)
The probability of one defective component is= 5!
.(0.8)12−5.(0.2)5=
0.05
The probability of one defective component is=
12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4) (12−5)
6!
.(0.8)12−6 . (0.2)6 = 0.016

The probability of one defective component is=

12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4)(12−5)(12−6)
7!
.(0.8)12−7 . (0.2)7= 3.32

The probability of one defective component is=

12(12−1)(12−2)(12−3)(12−4)(12−5)(12−6)(12−7)
8!
. (0.8)12−8 . (0.2)8= 5.19× 10−4

a) The probability of exactly 3 components defective is 0.24

b) To determine the probability that 8 or fewer than 8 components are defective, the
sum of probability 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 being defective components can be
determine. Thus the probability of their being 8 or fewer than 8 value is,

∴ The probability 8 or fewer than 8 components defective is = 0.19 + 0.21 + 0.28 + 0.24 + 0.13 +
0.05 + 0.016 + 3.32 + 5.19× 10−4 = 4.44

v) The Measurement of inspection time, from a huge sample of engine

component, gave the following distribution. The average inspection time
of huge sample of engine is 40.5

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Number of 12 4 6 5 9 8 13 4 9
component
Time (s) 60 15 20 18 30 40 57 15 60

Your manager thinks that the inspection time should be the same for all
outsourced components. Using the data provided test this hypothesis
(use 5% significance level) and indicates whether there is a correlation
or not.

Number of component (Y) Time (X) (𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2

12 60 625
4 15 400

6 20 225

5 18 289

9 30 25

8 40 25

13 57 484

4 15 400

9 60 625
∑ 𝑋=315 Σ(𝑋 − 𝑋̅)2 = 3098

Given, total number of component n=70, Average time µ=40.5,

Mean value, 𝑥̅ = 35

Level of significance, α= 5%=0.05

Mean value, 𝑥̅ = 35

Md. Aminul Islam 18

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 ∑(𝑋−𝑋̅)2 3098
Standard deviation, 𝜎 = √ ∑𝑋
=√ 315 =3.14

Null hypothesis, Ho: µ ≥ 40.5

Alternate hypothesis, H1: µ< 40.5

As this a large sample because n> 30 and 𝜎 is known, we can use z-test which is the best for
normal car or normal distribution.

𝑋 ̅−µ 35−40.5
So, z= 𝜎 = 3.14
√𝑛 √70

= −14.655

In the curve z =0 correspond to the mean value z=1, 2, and 3 standard deviation above the mean
and the negative are below mean. Since, the computed z = -14.655 smaller than -1.645 [criteria z
value]

We reject the null hypothesis that inspection time of sample component are not less than the
outsource component. Thus, we can say that the inspection time of engine component are less
than the outsource component. So, we reject the null hypothesis if z smaller than -1.645 and
accept the alternative hypothesis that the sample engine component take less inspection than the
outsource component. Now, the sample of 70 component have been tested and there mean value
was 35. So, z = -14.655

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Since alternate hypothesis π< 40.5, this is one tailed test to the left for α=0.05. We find in the
normal curve table that gives a probability of 0.05 to the left of z. This mean the negative of z-
table corresponding to the table of 0.5-0.05=0.45 or z= - 1.645. That is p (z< −1.645)=0.05
because 0.45 is exactly half way between 0.4495 and 0.4505 we get half way between 1.640 and
1.650 to get z= -1.645. Since 35 is to the left of 40.5 we have z = -1.645. That is p (z< −1.645)
=0.05. Now, find the value is a correlation or not

We know that,

∑ 𝑋 70
𝑋̅= 𝑛 = 9 =7.78 and

∑ 𝑌 315
𝑌̅= 𝑛 = 9 = 35

Number of Time(X) 𝑦 = 𝑌 − 𝑌̅ 𝑥 xy 𝑦2 𝑥2
component = 𝑋 − 𝑋̅
(Y)

12 60 4.22 25 105.5 17.8084 625

4 15 -3.78 -20 75.6 14.2884 400

6 20 -1.78 -15 26.7 3.1684 225

5 18 -2.78 -17 47.26 7.7284 289

9 30 1.22 -5 -6.1 1.4884 25

8 40 0.22 5 1.1 0.0484 25

13 57 5.22 22 114.84 27.2484 484

4 15 -3.78 -20 75.66 14.2884 400

9 60 1.22 25 30.5 1.4884 625

Σ𝑌 = 70 Σ𝑋 = 315 Σ𝑥𝑦 = 471 Σ𝑦 2 Σ𝑥 2

= 87.556 = 3098

Σ𝑥𝑦 471
R= = = 0.90
√(Σ𝑦2 )(Σ𝑥 2 ) √87.556×3098

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Here, the co-relation is R= 0.90, which consist between 1 and 0.7. So, the co-relation will be
positive.

Md. Aminul Islam 21

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