g Industrial Systems
Test Application Data
Standard Tests
The following tests will be made on all Secondary
Substation Transformers except as specifically stated
below. All tests will be made in accordance with the
latest revision of:
IEEE C57.12.00 Standard General Requirements for
Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers.
ANSI/IEEE C57.12.90 Standard Test Code for Liquid-
Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating
Transformers.
ANSI/IEEE C57.12.01 General requirements for Dry-
Type Distribution and Power Transformers Including
Those With Solid Cast and/or Resin-Encapsulated
Windings
IEEE C57.12.91 Test Code for Dry-Type Distribution
and Power Transformers.
ANSI/IEEE C57.94 Recommended Practice for
Installation, Application, Operation and Maintenance of
Dry-Type General Purpose Distribution and Power
Transformers.
NEMA Publication TR-1, Part 9 Audible Sound Level
Tests
Test equipment is periodically calibrated which can be
tied to the National Bureau of Standards and
Technology (NIST)
Resistance Test
This test is performed to calculate the I²R losses of
the transformer as well as assure the winding
conductor sizes, cable sizes, crimps, brazes, and
bolted bushing connections are correct. Resistance
measurements are made on all windings connected for
rated operation and on all odd numbered tap positions
(must include rated and tap extremes). Current can
not have been applied to the transformer for at least 6
hours prior to the test. All winding resistance
measurements are corrected to a standard reference
temperature of rated temperature plus 20°C.
Polarity & Phase Relation
Polarity and phase relation are of importance when
paralleling or banking two or more transformers.
Phase relationship tests are made to determine
angular displacement and relative phase sequence.
The present ANSI standard for angular displacement
has the HV 30 degrees ahead of the LV, regardless of
the connection.
Turn Ratio Test
Data Subject to Change without Notice
Secondary Substation Transformers
Turn ratio test confirms the correct number of turns of
each winding. The test is performed on the rated
voltage connection and on all tap connections at no
load conditions. Accuracy must be within 0.5% of
nameplate markings.
No-Load Loss & Exciting Current
No load losses are the losses of a transformer when
excited at rated voltage and frequency, while not
under load conditions. No load losses include core
loss, dielectric loss, and loss in the winding due to
exciting current. The test is performed at rated
voltage.
Impedance and Load-Loss Tests
A transformer under load, experiences an impedance
which causes the ratio of the terminal voltages to
depart from the actual turns ratio. This internal
impedance consists of two components: 1) a
reactance, derived from the effect of leakage flux in
the winding, and 2) an equivalent resistance which
represents all losses traceable to the flow of the load
current (I²R, Stray, and Eddie Loss). The voltage
required to circulate rated current under short circuit
conditions when connected to the rated voltage tap is
the impedance voltage, and the watt loss measured is
the load loss. The standard tolerances by which the
impedance may vary are ± 7.5% of specified values
for two-winding transformers and ±10% for multi-
winding, auto, or other non-standard transformers.
Dielectric Tests
Dielectric tests confirms the transformers ability to
withstand the imposition of voltage associated with
the specified insulation level.
Applied Potential Test
Tests are performed between each independent winding
and all windings and ground. A normal power
frequency of 60 Hz is used and the duration of the test
is one minute at the specified voltage.
Induced Potential Test
A specified test voltage is applied between the
terminals of one winding for 7,200 cycles or 60
seconds, whichever is shorter. The test applies
greater than rated voltage per turn to the transformer,
the frequency of the applied voltage must be high
enough to prevent the core from being over-excited.
GE Quality Tests:
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g Industrial Systems
A Quality Control Partial Discharge Test is
conducted on each Cast Coil Transformer.
Information is available for review in Rome but not
included on Test Reports.
A Quality Control Impulse Test for the rated BIL is
conducted on all Dry-Type (Cast Coil and VPI)
Transfomers as a pass-fail test. No record of this test
is provided on the Test Report
Optional Tests
Insulation Power Factor Test
The tests checks the condition of the insulation. The
test checks the ratio of the power dissipated in the
insulation in watts to the product of the effective
voltage and current in volt-amperes. Comparative
values of tests taken at periodic intervals are useful in
identifying potential problems rather than an absolute
value of insulation power factor.
Temperature Test
Tests will be made on one unit only of an order
covering one or more units of a given rating. Tests
will be made only when there is not available a record
of a temperature test, made in accordance with ANSI
Standards, on a duplicate or essentially duplicate unit.
Tests, when made, will be made under conditions
specified in ANSI Standards for Transformers.
Subject to the limitations of the preceding paragraph,
when a transformer is supplied with auxiliary cooling
equipment to provide more than one KVA rating,
Temperature tests will be made on the self cooled
nameplate KVA rating and the maximum nameplate
rating.
The transformer will be tested under loaded conditions
to produce losses as near to nameplate rating as
possible. Thermocouples are installed inside the
transformer. Once the thermocouples do not vary more
than 2°C during a consecutive 3 hour period from
ambient, the test current and voltage are removed and
resistance measurements are taken from the HV and LV
windings. The resistance of each of the HV and LV
windings are corrected back to the instant of shutdown
by plotting a time curve on one of the HV windings.
The average winding temperature rise is determined by
the change of resistance method from equations listed in
ANSI/IEEE C57.12. 91.
Insulation Resistance Test (Megger)
Data Subject to Change without Notice
Secondary Substation Transformers
Test Application Data
This test is performed to determine the insulation
resistance from individual windings to ground, or
between individual windings.
Impulse Test
Lightning Impulse Test are design tests which
simulates the most drastic overvoltage conditions a
transformer properly protected by surge arresters is
likely to encounter. The impulse tests precede the
low-frequecy applied and induced-voltage tests. For
Dry-Type and Cast Coil transformers a 1.2x50
microsecond (µs) wave of positive polarity is used for
reduced and full-impulse tests. We apply one
reduced full wave, two chopped waves, and one full
wave to each of the specified HV and/or LV
terminals. We compare the wave shapes of the
reduced and full wave tests to confirm no possible
insulation failure.
Audible Sound-Level Test
Sound level measurements are made in an
environment having an ambient level of at least 5 dB
below the combined level of the transformer plus
ambient. Microphones are placed at half height
approximately every three feet around the transformer
enclosure with a minimum of eight microphones
required. For transformers enclosures over eight feet
in height, microphones are placed at one-third and
two-thirds heights. The A-weighted sound level is
determined by taking the arithmetic mean of all the
sound level measurements taken.
Optional BIL Tests
Basic Impulse Level tests are performed which are
greater then nameplate BIL.
Certified Test Reports
Standard ANSI format test reports will be furnished.
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