Structural Analysis And Design

Program
 “What” Is Analysis?

Calculation of the response of

structures to
actions
 “Why” to perform an Analysis

To calculate
1. Stress distribution
2. Natural frequencies
3. Displacement
4. Critical Buckling loads.
Methods of Engineering Analysis
• Experimental Method
Example: Prototype model
• Analytical method or Theoretical Analysis
Using Mathematical Differential equations
• Numerical method
Finite element method*
 Basic Terminologies
Structural analysis
• Stress
• Strain
• Poisson ratio
• Hook's law
• Young's modulus
• Bending moment
• Shear force
• Stress strain curve for various materials
• Linear
• Nonlinear
• Isotropic vs. anisotropic vs. orthotropic
 Basic Terminologies
Structural analysis
• Structure
• Beam
• Column
• Truss
 Introduction to FEM & FEA

• FEM-Finite element method

• FEA –Finite element analysis
 FEM
• Finite element method of structural analysis
was created by academic and industrial
researches during 1959’s and 1960’s
• Theoretical approach.
• Examples
Euler's rule, LaGrange method,
Newton raphson method, Fourier series
 Nature of FEM
• Force method (Forces unknown)
Strain energy method
Consistent deformation method
Matrix flexibility method
Clayperons theorem of 3 moments
• Displacement method (Displacements unknown)
Kanis method
Slope deflection method
Matrix stiffness method
Moment distribution method
FEM
 FEA
FEA-
simulate loading conditions on design &
determine design response to these
conditions
The design is modeled using discrete elements
called elements
The sum of response of all elements in the
model gives the response of design
 Problem types in FEA
• Boundary value problem-static and steady
state analysis
• Initial value problem-fluid flow
• Eigen value problem-Modal analysis, vibration
and natural frequency
• Boundary initial value problem-forced
vibration, transient and dynamic analysis
 FEM
• Nodes
• Elements
Types of elements
1D-Line element(Min 2 nodes)
2D-Plane element (Area-Min 4 node)
3D-Solid element (Volume-min 8 nodes)
 Stages
• Preprocessor
• Solution
• Postprocessor
 Meshing
• Process of discritization of a structure into
element and nodes
• Infinite no of D.O.F to Finite D.O.F
Types of discritization
Natural
Artificial
 Basic terminologies meshing
• Aspect ratio
• Skewing
• Warp age
Types of refinement
H refinement
P refinement
Meshing-Importance & drawbacks
• Why should we mesh
• Element quality
• Problems associated with meshing
 ABOUT STAAD PRO
• A comprehensive integrated FEA and design
solution, including a state of the art user
interface, visualization tools and integrated
design codes
• Capable of analyzing a structure exposed to
dynamic response, soil structure interaction or
wind, earthquake and moving loads
 Static analysis
• Analysis of a structure for various loads under static condition i.e.
component under rest when loads are applied
Examples
Holding devices-Clamp or fixture analysis
Types
Linear analysis
Non linear analysis
 Dynamic analysis
• Analysis of a structure for various loads under Dynamic
condition i.e. component is in motion when loads are
applied or time varying loads

Examples
Suspension systems of a vehicle

Types
Linear analysis
Non linear analysis
 Structural analysis-Design
consideration
• Change design
• Alternate material
 ABOUT STAAD PRO
• STAADPro is the World's leading Structural Analysis and Design
software
• Incorporating design codes for 15 different countries
• Most comprehensive and universal.
• STAAD.Pro meets the rigid requirements of NUPIC/NRC
(Nuclear Regulatory Commission) by conforming to the 10CFR
PART 50, APPENDIX B, Section II, "Quality Assurance Program"
and ASME NQA-1-2000 (Quality Assurance Requirements for
Nuclear Facility Applications) standards. Development,
maintenance, and support are all based upon the highest
quality standards.
 About NRC
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) was
created as an independent agency by Congress in 1974 to
enable the nation to safely use radioactive materials for
beneficial civilian purpose while ensuring that people and
the environment are protected.
 Features of STAAD PRO
Analysis
The STAAD Analysis Engine has 2D
And 3Dcapabilities for solving problems containing
Beams, plate elements and 8 node bricks.
A wide range of support conditions, load types and
various other member/element specifications are
available for combination with these features
 Features of STAAD PRO
Postprocessor - Space Frame
• Logical Page Control Layout
• Dynamic Query Function
• Combine View ports to display various results
• Pictures of Results for inclusion in Output Report
• Graphs of Bending Moments, Shear etc. for individual
members
• Graphics Interactive with Results Tables
• Combine Load diagrams with Results
• Mode Shapes/Natural Frequency Results, Time History
Plots
 Features of
STAAD PRO
Steel Design
• Database of section sizes for a variety of countries, eg. United
Kingdom, USA, French, German, European etc.
• Steel Design as per IS 800 Standards
• Specify Composite Action for Design
• User Specified Design Parameters
• Automatic Iterative Design to Least Weight Algorithm,
automatically updates analysis model and re-analyses
• Design Fixed Groups, eg isolate beams and columns
 Features of STAAD PRO
Concrete Design
• Design Concrete for Beams/Columns/Slabs
• IS 456,BS8110, BS8007, India, French, German, Spanish,
Russian etc. Design Codes
• Reinforcement Details shown on Beam/Column
• Contours of Reinforcement available for Finite Element
Slabs
• Tabular Results available
• Form Continuous Members from Analysis Elements
• Individual Groups and Briefs
• Combine Concrete & Steel Design in one run